CN114193796A - 成型复合帽形桁条的约束成形 - Google Patents
成型复合帽形桁条的约束成形 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114193796A CN114193796A CN202111088897.4A CN202111088897A CN114193796A CN 114193796 A CN114193796 A CN 114193796A CN 202111088897 A CN202111088897 A CN 202111088897A CN 114193796 A CN114193796 A CN 114193796A
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Abstract
在由平坦复合装料形成帽形桁条时,通过约束盖部来减少成型复合帽形桁条中的盖部褶皱。盖部由放置在用于成形复合装料的工具组中的可充气囊状物约束。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于制造复合加强件的方法和设备,并且更具体地,涉及一种用于制造褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的方法和装置。
背景技术
各种工艺和设备可用于使平坦复合装料形成为具有期望截面形状的加强件,诸如桁条。例如,可通过使用冲压机或可充气囊状物,使复合装料成形到模具腔中来制造桁条。在其中桁条沿着其长度成型作为成形过程的一部分的那些应用中,在成形期间在复合装料内局部产生应力,该局部应力可能会导致桁条的包含这些应力的区域中的弯曲或褶皱。在具有帽形截面的成型桁条(“帽形桁条”)的情况下,应力倾向于形成于桁条的成型区域中,并且导致盖部的弯曲或褶皱。盖部的弯曲或褶皱是不期望的,因为它可能影响桁条的结构性能,导致需要桁条返工或改变桁条设计,这可能增加劳动力和/或材料成本。
因此,期望提供一种用于制造成型帽形桁条的方法和装置,其减少或消除盖部的弯曲和/或褶皱,尤其是桁条的成型部分中的弯曲和/或褶皱。
发明内容
本公开总体上涉及制造复合零件,并且更具体地,涉及用于生产褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的方法和装置。
根据一个方面,提供一种用于制造成型复合帽形桁条的装置。该装置包括一对模具、冲压机和囊状物。模具被构造为沿着其长度成型,并且限定模具腔,复合装料可成形至模具腔中,以形成具有盖部的成型帽形部分。冲压机被构造为使复合装料成形到模具腔中。囊状物位于模具腔内,并且被构造为在形成成型帽形部分时,约束盖部。
根据另一方面,提供一种用于形成褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的方法。该方法包括:通过迫使复合装料进入模具腔,使复合装料形成为具有侧部和盖部的成型帽形部分。该方法还包括:在成形复合装料时,通过约束盖部来减小成形期间盖部中的应力。
根据又一方面,提供一种用于形成成型复合帽形桁条的方法,该成型复合帽形桁条具有帽形部分,该帽形部分包括侧部和盖部。该方法包括:将平坦复合装料放置在限定模具腔的一对模具上;以及迫使平坦复合装料进入模具腔中以形成桁条的具有侧部和盖部的帽形部分。该方法还包括:成型模具腔;以及通过将盖部中的应力远离盖部转移来减少在形成帽形部分期间盖部的褶皱。
所公开的方法和装置的优点之一在于可生产成型复合帽形桁条,其中,盖部的成型区域中的褶皱被减少或消除。另一优点在于该方法可仅利用现有桁条形成设备的微小变型来实现。又一优点是可减少或消除由桁条褶皱引起的返工以及伴随的人工和材料成本。另一优点是减少的盖部褶皱可改进帽形桁条的结构性能。
特征、功能和优点可在本公开的各个示例中独立地实现,或者可以结合在参考以下说明书和附图可看到更多细节的其他示例中。
附图说明
在所附权利要求中阐述了被认为是示例性示例的特性的新颖特征。然而,在结合附图阅读时,通过参考本公开的示例性示例的以下详细描述,将最好地理解示例性示例以及使用的优选模式、其进一步的目标和优点,其中:
图1是复合帽形桁条的一个示例的立体图的图示。
图2是示出图1所示的复合帽形桁条的截面形状的端视图的图示。
图3是示出复合帽形桁条的另一示例的截面形状的端视图的图示。
图4是沿着其长度具有多种轮廓的复合帽形桁条的立体图的图示。
图5是用于制造成型复合帽形桁条的工具组的截面图的图示。
图5A是图5的冲压机和顶板的立体图的图示,其中冲压机沿着其长度被分段。
图6是示出移动图5所示的工具组的模具成形部的替代方式的截面图的图示。
图7是类似于图5的图示,但是示出了平坦复合装料已放置在模具上并且放气囊状物安装在模具腔内。
图8是图7所示的放气囊状物的立体图的图示。
图9是类似于图7的图示,但是示出了囊状物已被充气并且冲压机已使复合装料部分成形在模具腔中。
图10是图9中被指定为“图10”的区域的图示。
图11是类似于图9的视图的图示,但是示出了冲压机已使复合装料完全成形至模具腔中。
图12是类似于图10的图示,其可用于解释在成形处理过程中,约束盖部的益处,为清楚起见,未示出盖部夹紧囊状物。
图13是冲压机的一部分的局部侧视图的图示,其中囊状物的约束影响已迫使复合装料局部应变到冲压机的狭缝中。
图14是用于成型复合帽形桁条的轮廓改变机构的侧视图的图示。
图15是用于生产褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的装置的功能框图的图示。
图16是用于制造褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的方法的流程图的图示。
图17是用于制造褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条的另一方法的流程图的图示。
图18是飞行器生产和服务方法的流程图的图示。
图19是飞行器的框图的图示。
具体实施方式
首先参见图1和图2,具有一个或多个平面外曲率的帽形桁条20包括帽形部分22和一对向外转向的凸缘28。帽形部分22包括基本平坦的盖部24,该盖部通过一对倾斜侧部26(有时被称为腹板)与凸缘28耦接。帽形桁条20可具有其他截面形状。例如,图3示出了帽形桁条20,该帽形桁条具有包括圆形盖部24的帽形部分22,该圆形盖部平滑地过渡至侧部26。
帽形桁条20可包括由多层纤维增强聚合物(诸如,热固性或热塑性材料)形成的复合层压件。如以下将讨论的,帽形桁条20可沿着其长度具有一个或多个平面外轮廓或曲率。在图1所示的示例中,帽形桁条20在30所示的坐标系内的X-Z平面中具有单个恒定曲率。图4示出在X-Z平面和X-Y平面中均具有轮廓的帽形桁条20的另一示例。具体地,参考图1,如稍后将讨论的,在使帽形桁条20成形为期望截面形状期间,盖部24的沿着帽形部分22的内径的区域25可由于成形(forming)和成型(contouring,形成轮廓)过程而被置于压缩27中。在一个示例中,随着帽形桁条成形为期望截面形状,帽形桁条20的成型发生。可替换地,在另一示例中,帽形桁条20在已成形为期望截面形状之后的单独操作中,沿着其长度成型。在这些示例的每一个中,由于成型,盖部24沿着其长度的成型区域25而被置于压缩27中。在桁条成形期间,以此方式,盖部24的压缩27可使盖部24弯曲或褶皱。
现将注意力转向图5-11,其示出用于使平坦复合装料56形成为具有褶皱减少的盖部24的成型帽形桁条20的装置33。该装置33包括工具组34,该工具组包括冲压机40和间隔开以形成模具腔48的一对模具42。参见图5A,冲压机40可沿着其长度被分段以允许其屈曲,并且被安装在柔性顶板36的底部上。冲压机40的截面形状基本匹配帽形部分22(图2)的IML(内模线)。在工具组34的其他示例中,可充气囊状物(未示出)可代替冲压机40使用,以便使平坦复合装料56向下成形至模具腔48中。工具组34可安装在具有压板(未示出)的压机(未示出)中,该压板使顶板36和底板38相对于彼此移动,使得冲压机40以期望速率和期望大小的力F位移至模具腔48中。
模具42安装在柔性底板38上以用于横向移动50。在一个示例中,模具42沿着其长度被分段,以允许它们屈曲到平面外。在另一示例中,模具42可各自包括一系列单独模具块(未示出),其同样允许模具42屈曲到平面外。在模具42的外侧,一对侧轨46固定至底板38。可充气侧囊状物44分别位于模具42与侧轨46之间。侧囊状物44可用流体(例如空气)充气,并且用于在成形过程中控制模具42的向外横向移动。在其他示例中,如图6所示,可采用通过驱动杆54与每个模具42耦接的机械致动器52或类似机构来控制模具42的横向移动。
参见图7和图8,可充气夹紧囊状物60安装在模具腔48内,该夹紧囊状物可搁置在底板38上直至该囊状物被空气或另一合适加压流体充气。盖部夹紧囊状物60可由任意合适材料形成,例如具有刚度的弹性体,该刚度足以在成形处理期间向帽形部分22的盖部24施加压力并且约束盖部。为了实现所需刚度,在一些示例中,盖部夹紧囊状物60可包括局部增强件(未示出)。在所示示例中,盖部夹紧囊状物60的尺寸设置为完全填充模具腔48,且沿着模具腔48的整个长度延伸。然而,在其他示例中,夹紧囊状物60可仅位于模具腔48的一部分,在该部分中,盖部24的压缩可能足以引起盖部24的弯曲或褶皱。
桁条成形操作开始于如图5所示布置的工具组34,其中,冲压机40处于升高位置。接下来,如图7所示,盖部夹紧囊状物60以放气或部分放气状态,安装在模具腔48内。然后,平坦复合装料56跨越模具腔48被放置在模具42上。接下来,一对凸缘夹紧囊状物58安装在复合装料56的外缘57与顶板36之间。凸缘夹紧囊状物58可用空气或其他合适流体加压,并且如以下将描述的,当冲压机40将复合装料56向下“冲压”至模具腔48中时,该凸缘夹紧囊状物用来将复合装料56的外缘57夹紧在模具42上。
为了执行成形操作,顶板36向下移动,使得冲压机40最初接触复合装料56。就在冲压机40接触复合装料56之前,盖部夹紧囊状物60被充气,因而使其与复合装料56的底部接触并对该底部施加压力。顶板36的继续向下移动(图9和图10)使得冲压机40开始将复合装料56成形到模具腔48中。在复合装料56成形至模具腔48中时,凸缘夹紧囊状物58向复合装料56的外缘57施加压力,从而保持外缘平坦地抵靠模具42,同时在成形过程的其余部分期间允许外缘在模具42上滑动。
在冲压机40将复合装料56成形至模具腔48中时,加压的盖部夹紧囊状物60抵靠在盖部24上并向盖部施加压力,从而限制盖部24弯曲或褶皱。冲压机40继续移动至模具腔48中导致盖部夹紧囊状物60移动到帽形部分22的侧部26上并且向侧部施加压力(参见图10),直到最终帽形部分22的整个区域都几乎被盖部夹紧囊状物60包封并约束(图11)。取决于应用,可能有必要将盖部夹紧囊状物60的加压水平与冲压机40和模具42两者的期望移动速率相协调,以实现最佳结果。
在一个示例中,如前所述,在使复合装料56成形为期望截面之前,工具组34使用例如稍后讨论的轮廓改变机构74(图14)沿着其长度成型。因此,在成形顺序的该示例中,复合装料56成形到先前已沿着其长度成型的模具腔48中,因此,盖部24的成型区域25的压缩随着帽形部分22的截面形状形成而发生。在成形顺序的另一示例中,在工具组(包括模具腔48)沿其长度成型之前,复合装料56成形至模具腔中。在该后一示例中,当帽形部分22沿着其长度形成为其最终轮廓时,盖部24的成型区域25的压缩发生于帽形部分22的截面形状已形成之后。不管使用这些成形顺序中的哪一个,盖部夹紧囊状物都约束盖部24,从而使得由压缩引起的盖部24中的应力被扫掠走(sweep away to)至帽形部分22的可不经受弯曲或褶皱的其他区域。
图12以图形方式示出在将帽形桁条20形成为期望轮廓时,如何使用盖部夹紧囊状物60来减少或消除盖部24的褶皱。如前所述,当在帽形桁条20的成型区域内形成帽形部分22时,盖部24被置于压缩,从而导致在盖部24内产生应力62,该应力可导致盖部24的弯曲或褶皱。为了防止这种弯曲或褶皱,由盖部夹紧囊状物60施加至盖部24的力64约束盖部24,从而迫使盖部应力62转移66并散布到帽形部分22中的不经受弯曲或褶皱的其他位置。例如,盖部应力62可转移66到帽形部分22的侧部26上,或者可沿着盖部24纵向转移到盖部24不处于压缩的盖部区域。换言之,由盖部夹紧囊状物60强加于盖部24上的约束通过将应力扫掠到帽形桁条20的其他区域而有效地缓解这些应力。
参考图13,帽形部分22的成型区域25中的由盖部夹紧囊状物60施加到盖部24上的力64使得复合装料56中的与冲压机40接触的材料应变72至冲压机40中的至少一些狭缝68中。盖部24内的材料应变进入狭缝68有助于缓解盖部24中的一些应力62,从而进一步降低盖部24弯曲或褶皱的可能性。
可使用各种机构来构造用于在帽形桁条20中形成一个或多个平面外轮廓的工具组34。图14示出用于构造工具组34以形成帽形桁条20的轮廓改变机构74的一个示例,该帽形桁条在X-Z平面(图1和图2)上沿着其长度成型。轮廓改变机构74可包括例如但不限于压机90。压机90包括分别安装在相对的压板82上的多个单独的间隔开的致动器76,压板适于朝向和远离彼此移动,如箭头80所示。工具组34位于压板82之间。压板82可与任意合适的动力操作机构(例如,气缸致动器(未示出))耦接,该动力操作机构使压板82移位以在复合装料成形操作期间打开/关闭工具组34。每个致动器76包括与顶部柔性板36和底部柔性板38中的一个耦接的驱动杆78。驱动杆78使顶部柔性板36和底部柔性板38移位,其进而使模具42弯曲(成型),由此成型帽形桁条20。如前所述,在复合装料56被“冲压”至模具腔48中之前,模具42可成型。然而,可替换地,在模具42已通过轮廓改变机构74成型之后,复合装料56可被冲压至模具腔48中。
现将注意力转向图15,其概括地示出了用于制造具有褶皱减少的盖部的成型帽形桁条20的装置33的部件。控制器84与压机90、轮廓改变机构74以及加压系统88耦接,并且可操作以控制压机、轮廓改变机构以及加压系统的操作。控制器84可包括在一个或多个软件程序86的控制下操作的PC(个人计算机)或可编程控制器。加压系统88可包括任意合适的泵和流体贮存器(未示出),其可操作以独立地加压/减压(充气/放气)侧囊状物44、凸缘夹紧囊状物58和盖部夹紧囊状物60。控制器84控制并协调轮廓改变机构74、压机90和加压系统88的操作,使得成形(forming)和成型(contouring)过程以受控速率进行。控制器84还可协调并同步盖部夹紧囊状物60的充气与冲压机40和模具42的移动。
图16概括地示出用于制造褶皱减少的复合帽形桁条20的方法的步骤。从92开始,通过迫使复合装料56进入模具腔48中来形成桁条的具有侧部26和盖部24的帽形部分22。在94时,在复合装料56被迫使进入模具腔48中时,通过约束盖部24来减少在成形期间所产生的盖部24中的应力。
图17示出制造具有帽形部分22的复合帽形桁条20的方法的另一示例的步骤,该帽形部分具有盖部24和侧部26。在96时,将平坦复合装料56放置于在其间限定模具腔48的一对模具42上。在98时,迫使平坦复合装料56进入模具腔48中以形成帽形桁条20的具有盖部24和侧部26的帽形部分22。在100时,沿着帽形部分22的长度成型帽形部分。在102时,通过在帽形部分22成型时对盖部24施加压力,将盖部24中的应力引导得远离盖部24。
本公开的示例可用于各种潜在的应用,特别是在运输工业中,包括例如航空航天、船舶、汽车应用以及可使用帽形桁条的其他应用。因此,现参考图18和图19,在图18中所示的飞行器制造和服务方法104以及图19中所示的飞行器106的背景下可使用本公开的示例。所公开的示例的飞行器应用可包括飞行器106的机身122所使用的各种成型帽形桁条。在预生产期间,示例性方法104可包括飞行器106的规格及设计108以及材料采购110。在生产期间,进行飞行器106的部件和子组件制造112和系统集成114。然后,飞行器106可经历认证和交付116以便投入使用118。当为用户服务时,定期对飞行器106进行日常维护和保养120,其还可包括变型、改变外形以及翻新等。
方法104中的每个过程可通过系统集成商、第三方和/或运营商(例如,客户)来执行或实施。为了本说明书的目的,系统集成商可包括但不限于任何数量的飞行器制造商和主系统分包商;第三方可包括但不限于任何数量的售货商、分包商和供应商;并且运营商可以是航空公司、租赁公司、军事实体、服务机构等等。
如图19所示,通过示例性方法104生产的飞行器106可包括具有多个系统124的机身122以及内部结构126。高水平系统124的示例包括推进系统128、电气系统130、液压系统132和环境系统134中的一个或多个。可包括任意数量的其他系统。虽然示出了航空航天示例,然而本公开的原理可适用于其它工业,例如船舶和汽车工业。
本文体现的系统和方法可在飞行器制造和维护方法206中的任何一个或多个阶段中使用。例如,可以以类似于当飞行器106服务时部件和子组件被生产的方式制作或制造对应于生产过程112的部件或子组件。而且,在生产过程112和1114期间,可以利用一个或多个装置示例、方法示例或其组合,例如通过大幅加速飞行器106的组装或降低其成本。类似地,在飞行器106服务时,例如但不限于维护和保养120,可使用一个或多个装置示例、方法示例或其组合。
本公开包括根据以下条款的示例性实施方式:
条款1.一种用于制造成型复合帽形桁条(20)的装置(33),包括:
一对模具(42),被构造为沿着长度成型并且限定模具腔(48),复合装料(56)能成形至模具腔中,以形成具有盖部(24)的成型帽形部分(22);
冲压机(40),被构造为将复合装料(56)成形至模具腔(48)中;以及
囊状物(60),位于模具腔(48)内并且被构造为在形成成型帽形部分(22)时约束盖部(24)。
条款2.根据条款1所述的装置(33),其中,囊状物(60)由弹性体形成。
条款3.根据条款1或2所述的装置(33),其中,囊状物(60)具有的刚度足以在成形复合装料(56)时约束盖部(24)。
条款4.根据条款1-3中任一项所述的装置(33),其中,囊状物(60)位于模具(42)之间且在复合装料(56)下方。
条款5.根据条款1-4中任一项所述的装置(33),其中,囊状物(60)包括位于囊状物(60)的面向盖部(24)的区域中的增强件。
条款6.根据条款1-5中任一项所述的装置(33),其中,在囊状物(60)充气时,囊状物(60)的尺寸设置成完全填充模具腔(48)。
条款7.根据条款1-6中任一项的装置(33),进一步包括:
控制器(84),被构造为协调冲压机(40)的操作与囊状物(60)的充气。
条款8.一种用于形成褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条(20)的方法,包括:
通过迫使复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中,将复合装料(56)形成为具有侧部和盖部(24)的成型帽形部分(22);以及
在成形复合装料(56)时,通过约束盖部(24)来减小在成形期间盖部(24)中的应力(62)。
条款9.根据条款8所述的方法,进一步包括:
将复合装料(56)放置在一对模具(42)上,并且
其中,迫使复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中包括使用冲压机(40)将复合装料(56)冲压至模具腔(48)中,同时约束盖部(24)。
条款10.根据条款9所述的方法,进一步包括:
当复合装料(56)被冲压至模具腔(48)中时,使用模具(42)向帽形部分(22)的侧部(26)施加压力(64)。
条款11.根据条款9或10所述的方法,进一步包括:
沿着帽形部分(22)的长度成型帽形部分(22)。
条款12.根据条款8-11中任一项的方法,其中,约束盖部(24)包括:
使囊状物(60)充气,以及
使用囊状物(60)对盖部(24)施加力(64)。
条款13.根据条款12所述的方法,其中,在迫使复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中之前,使囊状物(60)充气。
条款14.根据条款8-13中任一项所述的方法,其中,
形成帽形部分(22)包括成型帽形部分(22)的沿着帽形部分(22)的长度的区域,其中,该形成沿着该区域在盖部(24)中产生应力(62),并且
减小盖部(24)中的应力(62)包括将应力(62)从该区域中的盖部(24)扫掠(66)到帽形部分(22)的其他区域。
条款15.一种用于形成具有帽形部分(22)的成型复合帽形桁条(20)的方法,该帽形部分包括侧部(26)和盖部(24),包括:
将平坦复合装料(56)放置在限定模具腔(48)的一对模具(42)上;
迫使平坦复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中以形成桁条(20)的具有侧部(26)和盖部(24)的帽形部分(22);
成型模具腔(48);以及
通过将盖部(24)中的应力(62)远离盖部(24)转移(66)来减少在形成帽形部分(22)期间盖部(24)的褶皱。
条款16.根据条款15所述的方法,其中,减少盖部(24)的褶皱包括约束(64)盖部(24)。
条款17.根据条款15或16所述的方法,其中,将应力(62)远离盖部(24)转移包括:从模具腔(48)内对盖部(24)施加压力(64)。
条款18.根据条款15-17中任一项所述的方法,其中,在迫使平坦复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中之前,执行成型。
条款19.根据条款15-18中任一项所述的方法,其中,在迫使平坦复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中之后,执行成型。
条款20.根据条款15-19中任一项所述的方法,其中,对盖部(24)施加压力(64)是通过以下进行的:
对模具腔(48)内的囊状物(60)充气,以及
使用囊状物(60)来对盖部(24)施加力(64)。
已经出于说明和描述的目的呈现了对不同说明性示例的描述,而并非旨在穷举或限制于所公开形式的示例。许多变型和变化对本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。此外,与其它说明性示例相比,不同的说明性示例可提供不同的优点。为了最好地解释示例的原理、实际应用并且使本领域其他普通技术人员能够理解具有适合于预期的特定用途的各种修改的各种示例的公开,挑选和描述所选的一个或多个示例。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于制造成型复合帽形桁条(20)的装置(33),包括:
一对模具(42),被构造为沿着长度成型并且限定模具腔(48),复合装料(56)能成形至所述模具腔中,以形成具有盖部(24)的成型的帽形部分(22);
冲压机(40),被构造为将所述复合装料(56)成形至所述模具腔(48)中;以及
囊状物(60),位于所述模具腔(48)内并且被构造为在形成所述成型的帽形部分(22)时约束所述盖部(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置(33),其中,所述囊状物(60)由弹性体形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(33),其中,所述囊状物(60)具有的刚度足以在成形所述复合装料(56)时约束所述盖部(24)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(33),其中,所述囊状物(60)位于所述模具(42)之间且在所述复合装料(56)下方。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(33),其中,所述囊状物(60)包括位于所述囊状物(60)的面向所述盖部(24)的区域中的增强件。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(33),其中,在所述囊状物(60)充气时,所述囊状物(60)的尺寸设置成完全填充所述模具腔(48)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(33),进一步包括:
控制器(84),所述控制器被构造为协调所述冲压机(40)的操作与所述囊状物(60)的充气。
8.一种用于形成褶皱减少的成型复合帽形桁条(20)的方法,包括:
通过迫使复合装料(56)进入模具腔(48)中,将所述复合装料(56)形成为具有侧部和盖部(24)的成型的帽形部分(22);以及
在成形所述复合装料(56)时,通过约束所述盖部(24)来减小成形期间所述盖部(24)中的应力(62)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,进一步包括:
将所述复合装料(56)放置在一对模具(42)上,并且
其中,迫使所述复合装料(56)进入所述模具腔(48)中包括使用冲压机(40)将所述复合装料(56)冲压至所述模具腔(48)中,同时约束所述盖部(24)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括:
当所述复合装料(56)被冲压至所述模具腔(48)中时,使用所述模具(42)向所述帽形部分(22)的所述侧部(26)施加压力。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,进一步包括:
沿着所述帽形部分(22)的长度成型所述帽形部分(22)。
12.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法,其中,约束所述盖部(24)包括:
使囊状物(60)充气,以及
使用所述囊状物(60)对所述盖部(24)施加力(64)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在迫使所述复合装料(56)进入所述模具腔(48)中之前,使所述囊状物(60)充气。
14.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法,其中,
形成所述帽形部分(22)包括成型所述帽形部分(22)的沿着所述帽形部分(22)的长度的区域,其中该形成沿着所述区域在所述盖部(24)中产生应力(62),并且
减小所述盖部(24)中的所述应力(62)包括将所述应力(62)从所述区域中的所述盖部(24)扫掠(66)到所述帽形部分(22)的其他区域。
15.一种用于形成成型复合帽形桁条(20)的方法,所述成型复合帽形桁条具有包括侧部(26)和盖部(24)的帽形部分(22),所述方法包括:
将平坦复合装料(56)放置在限定模具腔(48)的一对模具(42)上;
迫使所述平坦复合装料(56)进入所述模具腔(48)中以形成所述桁条(20)的具有侧部(26)和盖部(24)的帽形部分(22);
成型所述模具腔(48);以及
通过将所述盖部(24)中的应力(62)远离所述盖部(24)转移(66)来减少在形成所述帽形部分(22)期间所述盖部(24)的褶皱。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,减少所述盖部(24)的褶皱包括约束所述盖部(24)。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中,将应力(62)远离所述盖部(24)转移包括:从所述模具腔(48)内对所述盖部(24)施加压力(64)。
18.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中,在迫使所述平坦复合装料(56)进入所述模具腔(48)中之前,执行成型步骤。
19.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中,在迫使所述平坦复合装料(56)进入所述模具腔(48)中之后,执行成型步骤。
20.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中,对所述盖部(24)施加压力(64)是通过以下进行的:
对所述模具腔(48)内的囊状物(60)充气,以及
使用所述囊状物(60)对所述盖部(24)施加力(64)。
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