CN114192140A - Catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114192140A
CN114192140A CN202111669247.9A CN202111669247A CN114192140A CN 114192140 A CN114192140 A CN 114192140A CN 202111669247 A CN202111669247 A CN 202111669247A CN 114192140 A CN114192140 A CN 114192140A
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catalyst
metal
activated carbon
palladium
solution
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CN114192140B (en
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张洁兰
陈丹
颜攀敦
李岳锋
赵雯宁
张彬雁
王昭文
张鹏
闫江梅
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Kaili Catalyst New Materials Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
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    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8933Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine, which comprises a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and metal components loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal components comprise palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percent of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.01-0.2%, and the mass percent of the auxiliary metal is 0.005-0.05%. The metal content in the catalyst is greatly reduced, the cost of the catalyst is greatly reduced, the catalyst is used for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine, the catalytic efficiency is high, the content of noble metal palladium is low, the performance is stable, the catalyst can be stably used for more than 90 days, the product conversion rate is 100%, and the selectivity is more than 95%.

Description

Catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and particularly relates to a catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine and a preparation method thereof.
Background
2, 3-dichloropyridine is a key intermediate of a novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole, and the market demand is increased year by year.
Chinese patent CN 112142652A discloses a method and a device for producing 2, 3-dichloropyridine, which comprises the steps of firstly activating a catalyst in a tubular reaction tube at 500 ℃ under nitrogen, then cooling to the reaction temperature (70-100 ℃), adding 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine and an acid-binding agent, and reacting under hydrogen. The service life of the catalyst is more than 60h, the product selectivity is more than 98 percent, and the conversion rate is 100 percent. The patent adopts M-N/APO-5 as a catalyst, wherein M represents Pt/Pd/Zn/Ni; n represents Co, Mg and Ca, the content of M is 0.5-10%, the content of N is 0.5-10%, and a specific catalyst preparation method is not given. The catalyst in the patent has high metal content, high price and short service life of more than 60 hours.
Chinese patent CN 112194617A discloses a method and a device for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine, which comprises the steps of firstly activating a catalyst in a tubular reaction tube at 400 ℃ under nitrogen, then cooling to the reaction temperature (100-250 ℃), adding an organic solvent solution of 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine, and reacting under hydrogen, wherein the service life of the catalyst is over 60 hours, the product selectivity is over 98 percent, and the conversion rate is 100 percent. The patent adopts an M/MCM-41 molecular sieve as a catalyst, M represents Pt/Pd/Zn/Ni, the content of M is 0.5-10%, and a specific catalyst preparation method is not given. The same catalyst in the patent has high metal content, higher catalyst price and shorter service life which is only more than 60 hours.
Chinese patent CN201910665611.0 discloses a catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine, which takes powdery gamma-alumina loaded with Pd and Pt as a catalyst to catalyze 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine to synthesize 2, 3-dichloropyridine, wherein the conversion rate of raw materials is 100%, and the selectivity is about 95%. The catalyst adopts palladium-platinum bimetal, the mass percentage of Pd is 2.5-4.5%, and the mass percentage of Pt is 0.5-2.5%. The catalyst has more noble metals, higher price, and complex preparation process because palladium and platinum need to be reduced respectively. The method is required to be a batch reaction, the reaction efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the reaction needs high pressure and has high requirements on equipment, so that the method is not beneficial to industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a catalyst for 2, 3-dichloropyridine synthesis and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the defects in the prior art. The catalyst is used for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine by fixed bed reaction, can be stably used for more than 90 days, has the product conversion rate of 100 percent and the selectivity of more than 95 percent, and has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, low content of noble metal, stable performance and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine is characterized by comprising a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and metal components loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal components comprise palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percentage content of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.01-0.2%, the mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.005-0.05%, and the auxiliary metal is one or more of iron, nickel, zinc and copper.
The catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine is characterized in that the specific surface area of the flake activated carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine is characterized in that the mass percent of palladium in the catalyst is 0.05-0.2%, and the mass percent of the auxiliary metal is 0.01-0.05%.
The catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine is characterized in that the mass percent of palladium in the catalyst is 0.1%, and the mass percent of the auxiliary metal is 0.02%.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 3-6 h at 500-1000 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, uniformly mixing the dispersant A and an aqueous solution of soluble salt of the assistant metal to obtain an assistant metal solution;
step three, adding the pretreated activated carbon carrier in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 4-10 h, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8-10 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, continuously soaking for 2h, filtering, and drying to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
regulating the pH value of the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding a dispersing agent B into the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution with the pH value regulated, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 250 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
The method is characterized in that in the second step, the dispersing agent A is polyethylene glycol-400, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium polyacrylate, and the mass of the dispersing agent A is 1-5 times of that of the metal of the auxiliary agent.
The method is characterized in that the soluble salt of the auxiliary metal in the second step is nitrate.
The method is characterized in that the dispersant B in the fourth step is hexamethylphosphoric triamide or 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, and the molar weight of the dispersant B is 0.5-4 times of that of palladium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the pretreatment of the activated carbon is carried out by adopting ammonia gas high-temperature treatment, the activated carbon is washed to ensure that the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and the activated carbon is dried in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the pretreated activated carbon. Can realize the uniform nitrogen doping of the active carbon, and the subsequent washing process can remove the redundant ammonia gas absorbed by the active carbon.
2. The mass percentage of palladium in the catalyst is 0.01-0.2%, and the mass percentage of the promoter metal is 0.005-0.05%. The metal content is greatly reduced, and the cost of the catalyst is greatly reduced.
3. According to the invention, the auxiliary metal and the noble metal palladium are respectively adsorbed, and the matched dispersing agent is added in the two adsorption processes, so that the metal is uniformly dispersed, and the metal utilization rate is high.
4. The catalyst of the invention has simple preparation method and good repeatability, and the prepared metal particles are small and can be highly dispersed on the carrier, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the catalyst.
5. The catalyst is used for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine by a fixed bed reaction, can be stably used for more than 90 days, has the product conversion rate of 100 percent and the selectivity of more than 95 percent, and has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, low content of noble metal, stable performance and the like.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The catalyst comprises a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and a metal component loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal component comprises palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percentage of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.2%, the mass percentage of the auxiliary metal is 0.05%, and the auxiliary metal is iron. The specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 5 hours at 500 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, taking 0.1809g Fe (NO)3)3·9H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, then adding 0.05g of polyethylene glycol-400, and uniformly mixing to obtain an auxiliary agent metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 5 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuing soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
dissolving 0.2306g of palladium dichlorotetramine in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium dichlorotetramine solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding 0.0842g of hexamethylphosphoric triamide into the palladium dichlorotetramine solution with the pH value adjusted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 4 hours at 150 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: and (3) directly washing the activated carbon by deionized water to ensure that the pH value is 7-8 without the process of pretreating the carrier by ammonia in the step one, and drying the activated carbon in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the pretreated activated carbon.
Example 2
The catalyst comprises a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and a metal component loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal component comprises palladium and an auxiliary metal, and the mass percentage of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.05%The mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.01 percent, and the auxiliary metal is nickel. The specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 3 hours at 800 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, taking 0.0248g Ni (NO)3)2·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, adding 0.02g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and uniformly mixing to obtain an assistant metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 5 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 10 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuing soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
dissolving 0.0577g of palladium tetrammine dichloride in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium tetrammine dichloride solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding 0.0536g of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid into the pH value-adjusted palladium tetrammine dichloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2 hours at 250 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: and step two is omitted, and the auxiliary agent metal salt nickel nitrate hexahydrate and the dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone are not added.
Example 3
The catalyst of this example comprises a sheetThe catalyst comprises a activated carbon carrier and a metal component loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal component comprises palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percentage content of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.175%, the mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.04%, and the auxiliary metal is zinc. The specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 4.5 hours at 600 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, taking 0.0909Zn (NO)3)2·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, then adding 0.05g of sodium polyacrylate, and uniformly mixing to obtain an auxiliary agent metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 5 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 9 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuing soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
dissolving 0.1845g of palladium dichlorotetrammine in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding 0.1347g of hexamethylphosphoric triamide into the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution with the pH value adjusted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 3 hours at 200 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in step four 0.1845g of tetraamminepalladium dichloride were changed to 0.1458g of palladium chloride and no ammonia was used to adjust the pH to 8.5.
Example 4
The catalyst comprises a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and a metal component loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal component comprises palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percentage content of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.1%, the mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.02%, and the auxiliary metal is copper. The specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 4 hours at 700 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, taking 0.038g of Cu (NO)3)2·9H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, adding 0.03g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and uniformly mixing to obtain an assistant metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 5 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8.5 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuing soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
dissolving 0.1153g of palladium tetrammine dichloride in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium tetrammine dichloride solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding 0.0857g of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid into the pH value-adjusted palladium tetrammine dichloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2.5 hours at 220 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that: in the fourth step, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid is not added.
Example 5
The catalyst of the embodiment comprises a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and metal components loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal components comprise palladium, promoter metals such as iron and nickel, the mass percentage of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.01%, and the mass percentage of the promoter metals is 0.005% (iron is 0.002%, nickel is 0.003%). The specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 3 hours at 1000 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, 0.0073g of Fe (NO) is taken3)3·9H2O and 0.0068g Ni (NO)3)2·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, adding 0.0125g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and uniformly mixing to obtain an assistant metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 10 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8.5 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuously soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
step four, dissolving 0.0115g of palladium tetraammine dichloride in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium tetraammine dichloride solution to 8.5 by ammonia water, adding 0.0337g of hexamethyl phosphoric triamide into the palladium tetraammine dichloride solution with the pH value adjusted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2.5 hours at 220 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Example 6
The catalyst of the embodiment comprises a sheet-shaped active carbon carrier and metal components loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal components comprise palladium and auxiliary metal iron, nickel, zinc and copper, the mass percentage content of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.1%, the mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.02% (iron 0.005%, nickel 0.005%, zinc 0.005% and copper 0.005%), and the specific surface area of the sheet-shaped active carbon carrier is 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
The preparation method of the catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 80g of activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight at 120 ℃ to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, 0.0181g of Fe (NO) is taken3)3·9H2O,0.0124g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,0.0114Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,0.0095g Cu(NO3)2·9H2Dissolving O in 80mL of deionized water, then adding 0.01g of sodium polyacrylate, and uniformly mixing to obtain an auxiliary agent metal solution;
step three, adding 50g of the activated carbon carrier pretreated in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 4 hours, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8.5 by using 2% sodium hydroxide solution, continuing soaking for 2 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
dissolving 0.1153g of palladium tetrammine dichloride in 80mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the palladium tetrammine dichloride solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding 0.1944g of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid into the pH value-adjusted palladium tetrammine dichloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2.5 hours at 220 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
Example 7
The method for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine by catalyzing 2.3.6-trichloropyridine through hydrogenation by using the catalyst comprises the following steps: weighing 10g of catalyst sample, filling the catalyst sample on normal-pressure fixed bed catalyst performance evaluation equipment, introducing nitrogen to replace air in a reactor, changing the nitrogen into hydrogen, and keeping the introduction of the hydrogen, wherein the gas flow is 100 ml/min. The temperature of the reaction tube was raised to 200 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min for 30min and then lowered to the reaction temperature. 2.3.6-trichloropyridine is dissolved in methanol solution to prepare 2.3.6-trichloropyridine solution, 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine solution is conveyed to a fixed bed reactor through a metering pump and is contacted with hydrogen to generate dechlorination reaction on a catalyst, the reacted materials flow out from the bottom of a reaction tube, and are condensed and separated from gas and liquid, redundant hydrogen is discharged out of the reactor, liquid phase products are collected, and the samples are taken for gas chromatography analysis. 2.3.6-trichloropyridine has a mass space velocity of 0.2h-1
Results and discussion
The 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine is hydrogenated to 2, 3-dichloropyridine by the method of example 6 and by the catalysts of examples 1, 2,3, 4 and 5 and comparative examples 1, 2,3 and 4 respectively, and the reaction results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 catalytic effect of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine to 2, 3-dichloropyridine
Figure BDA0003449138740000101
As can be seen from Table 1, the catalyst prepared by the method is suitable for catalyzing 2.3.6-trichloropyridine hydrogenation to synthesize 2.3-dichloropyridine, and due to the doping modification of activated carbon, the addition of an auxiliary metal and a dispersing agent matched with the auxiliary metal, the use of palladium tetrammine dichloride and the use of the dispersing agent matched with the active metal palladium, the conversion rate and the selectivity of the catalyst are greatly improved, the conversion rate of a product is 100%, the selectivity is over 95%, and the catalytic efficiency is high.
Using the catalyst prepared in example 1 as an example, the reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions of example 7, and the results of the 90-day reaction are shown in the following Table.
TABLE 2 catalytic Effect of the catalyst of example 1 in catalyzing the hydrogenation of 2,3, 6-trichloropyridine to 2, 3-dichloropyridine for 90 days
Figure BDA0003449138740000111
Figure BDA0003449138740000121
As can be seen from Table 2, the catalyst of the present invention can be stably used for more than 90 days, the product conversion rate is 100%, the selectivity is maintained at more than 95%, and the catalyst has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, low noble metal content, stable performance, etc.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalent changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine is characterized by comprising a sheet-shaped activated carbon carrier and metal components loaded on the carrier, wherein the metal components comprise palladium and an auxiliary metal, the mass percentage content of the palladium in the catalyst is 0.01-0.2%, the mass percentage content of the auxiliary metal is 0.005-0.05%, and the auxiliary metal is one or more of iron, nickel, zinc and copper.
2. The catalyst for 2, 3-dichloropyridine synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the sheet-like activated carbon carrier has a specific surface area of 900m2/g~1500m2The particle size is 20-30 meshes.
3. The catalyst for synthesizing 2, 3-dichloropyridine according to claim 1, wherein the mass percent of palladium in the catalyst is 0.05-0.2%, and the mass percent of the promoter metal is 0.01-0.05%.
4. The catalyst for 2, 3-dichloropyridine synthesis according to claim 3, wherein the mass percent of palladium in the catalyst is 0.1%, and the mass percent of the promoter metal is 0.02%.
5. A process for preparing a catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
adding activated carbon into a tubular furnace, treating for 3-6 h at 500-1000 ℃ in an ammonia atmosphere, then washing until the pH value of the activated carbon is 7-8, and drying the washed activated carbon to constant weight to obtain a pretreated activated carbon carrier;
step two, uniformly mixing the dispersant A and an aqueous solution of soluble salt of the assistant metal to obtain an assistant metal solution;
step three, adding the pretreated activated carbon carrier in the step one into the auxiliary agent metal solution in the step two, soaking for 4-10 h, adjusting the pH value of a soaking system to 8-10 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, continuously soaking for 2h, filtering, and drying to constant weight to obtain the auxiliary agent metal-loaded activated carbon;
regulating the pH value of the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution to 8.5 by using ammonia water, adding a dispersing agent B into the palladium dichlorotetrammine solution with the pH value regulated, and uniformly stirring to obtain a palladium precursor solution;
step five, adding the activated carbon loaded with the auxiliary metal in the step three into the palladium precursor solution in the step four, uniformly stirring, soaking for 24 hours, filtering, and drying to constant weight;
and step six, reducing the product dried in the step five for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 250 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst for synthesizing the 2, 3-dichloropyridine.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the dispersant A in the second step is polyethylene glycol-400, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium polyacrylate, and the mass of the dispersant A is 1-5 times of that of the metal of the auxiliary agent.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the soluble salt of the promoter metal in step two is a nitrate.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the dispersant B in step IV is hexamethylphosphoric triamide or 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, and the molar amount of the dispersant B is 0.5-4 times that of the palladium.
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