CN114192089A - Macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization wave - Google Patents
Macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN114192089A CN114192089A CN202111326990.4A CN202111326990A CN114192089A CN 114192089 A CN114192089 A CN 114192089A CN 202111326990 A CN202111326990 A CN 202111326990A CN 114192089 A CN114192089 A CN 114192089A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nanosecond pulse rapid ionization wave-based macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device which comprises a discharge tube structure, wherein the discharge tube structure comprises a quartz glass tube, two ends of the quartz glass tube are respectively fixed with a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode, and the quartz glass tube is also provided with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline; the high-voltage electrode is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply, and the low-voltage electrode is grounded; the discharge tube structure further comprises a shielding layer. According to the invention, the plasma region containing a large amount of excited molecular atoms and ions is formed in the quartz glass tube region, so that the fuel macromolecules are cracked, the process can be carried out in extreme environments such as low temperature and low pressure, the requirement on the environment is reduced, and the adaptability of the whole cracking device to the environment is improved; and through flushing the quartz glass tube with the heated inert gas, the evaporated fuel gas can be prevented from being condensed into liquid fuel after entering the pipeline and the quartz glass tube, and the subsequent low-temperature cracking is influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves.
Background
The fuel used by the engine and the gas turbine combustion chamber is usually macromolecular, and needs to be atomized or evaporated into a gaseous state when in use so as to ignite and initiate a combustion process. The smaller the molecule, the faster the reaction rate, the easier the combustion, and the higher the energy utilization rate, so it is of great significance to crack the macromolecular gas into small molecules to participate in the combustion and ignition process, especially under extreme conditions (plateau, high cold, low pressure, etc.), the ignition process is easy to fail, and a technology capable of realizing the cracking of the macromolecular gas under low temperature is urgently needed. Low-temperature plasma (gas molecules are low in temperature and electrons are extremely high in temperature) is formed in a gas discharge mode, and macromolecular gas cracking can be effectively achieved.
Similar implementations to the present invention include dielectric barrier discharge plasma crackers, spark plasma crackers, sliding arc plasma crackers, and the like. The principle of the dielectric barrier discharge cracker is that an insulating medium is placed between two electrodes, and after high voltage is applied to the electrodes, large-area plasma discharge can be formed in a gas gap so as to play a role in cracking gas; spark plasma crackers typically apply a pulsed voltage directly between two electrodes to form a spark plasma; a sliding arc plasma cracker creates a high temperature plasma region by applying a direct or alternating voltage between two electrodes, causing thermal cracking of the gas molecules.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves, and solves the problem that macromolecular gas is difficult to be fully cracked under extreme conditions in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves comprises a discharge tube structure, wherein the discharge tube structure comprises a quartz glass tube, a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode are respectively fixed at two ends of the quartz glass tube, parts of the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are positioned in the quartz glass tube, an air inlet pipeline is arranged on one side, close to the high-voltage electrode, of the quartz glass tube, and an air outlet pipeline is arranged on one side, close to the low-voltage electrode, of the quartz glass tube;
the high-voltage electrode is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply through a positive cable, and the low-voltage electrode is grounded through a negative cable;
the discharge tube structure further comprises a shielding layer covering the quartz glass tube, the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode.
As a further scheme of the invention, the shielding layer is externally coated with a layer of foam flame-retardant material.
As a further scheme of the invention, the gas inlet pipeline is connected with a macromolecular gas container to be cracked and a heating device which are mutually connected in parallel through pipelines, a gas inlet of the heating device is connected with the inert gas container, and the heating device is used for heating the inert gas.
As a further scheme of the invention, a first flow controller is arranged on a pipeline connecting the macromolecular gas container to be cracked and the gas inlet pipeline, and a second flow controller is arranged on a pipeline connecting the heating device and the gas inlet pipeline.
As a further scheme of the present invention, an air inlet pressure probe and an air outlet pressure probe are respectively installed at an air inlet of the air inlet pipeline and an air outlet of the air outlet pipeline, and are respectively used for monitoring pressures at the air inlet of the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet of the air outlet pipeline.
As a further scheme of the invention, the air outlet pipeline is connected with the vacuum pump through a pipeline, and an air valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the air outlet pipeline and the vacuum pump.
As a further scheme of the invention, the working method of the low-temperature cracking device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a vacuum pump works, inert gas is heated through a heating device, the heated inert gas is introduced into a quartz glass tube, a pipeline structure and the quartz glass tube are heated, when the temperature in the quartz glass tube reaches a preset value, a second flow controller is closed, meanwhile, a first flow controller is opened, and macromolecular fuel gas is introduced into the quartz glass tube;
and the second step of starting a high-voltage pulse power supply, cracking the macromolecular fuel gas, closing the first flow controller after completing the cracking work, simultaneously starting the second flow controller, discharging the fuel gas in the quartz glass tube through inert gas, and simultaneously discharging the condensate in the quartz glass tube through improving the flow rate of the inert gas in the quartz glass tube.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the plasma region containing a large amount of excited molecular atoms and ions is formed in the quartz glass tube region, so that the fuel macromolecules are cracked, the process can be carried out in extreme environments such as low temperature and low pressure, the requirement on the environment is reduced, and the adaptability of the whole cracking device to the environment is improved;
2. according to the invention, the heated inert gas is used for flushing the quartz glass tube, the air in the quartz glass tube 41 is discharged, the inert gas atmosphere is formed in the quartz glass tube, in addition, the high-temperature inert gas can be used for heating the quartz glass tube and the pipeline structure, so that the quartz glass tube can reach the preset temperature, and the evaporated fuel gas is prevented from being condensed into liquid fuel after entering the pipeline and the quartz glass tube, and the subsequent low-temperature cracking is not influenced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a discharge tube structure according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a vessel for macromolecular gas to be cracked; 2. a heating device; 3. a gas inlet pressure probe; 4. a discharge tube structure; 5. an outlet pressure probe; 6. an air valve; 7. a vacuum pump; 41. a quartz glass tube; 42. a high voltage electrode; 43. a low voltage electrode; 44. an air intake duct; 45. an air outlet pipe; 46. a shielding layer; 47. a positive cable; 48. a negative cable; 21. a second flow controller; 11. a first flow controller.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A low-temperature macromolecular gas cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a discharge tube structure 4, wherein the discharge tube structure 4 comprises a quartz glass tube 41, a high-voltage electrode 42 and a low-voltage electrode 43 are respectively fixed at two ends of the quartz glass tube 41, parts of the high-voltage electrode 42 and the low-voltage electrode 43 are positioned in the quartz glass tube 41, an air inlet pipeline 44 is arranged on one side, close to the high-voltage electrode 42, of the quartz glass tube 41, and an air outlet pipeline 45 is arranged on one side, close to the low-voltage electrode 43, of the quartz glass tube 41;
the high-voltage electrode 42 is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply through a positive cable 47, and the low-voltage electrode 43 is grounded through a negative cable 48;
the discharge tube structure 4 further comprises a shielding layer 46 covering the quartz glass tube 41, the high voltage electrode 42 and the low voltage electrode 43;
when the high-voltage pulse power supply works, a pulse voltage and a strong magnetic field are formed on the high-voltage electrode 42, macromolecular gas to be cracked is input into the quartz glass tube 41 through the gas inlet pipeline 44, at the moment, gas molecules or atoms in the tube are excited by the strong electric field to form an ionized wave moving at a high speed and moving to a low-voltage end, a plasma region containing a large number of excited molecular atoms and ions, namely a cavity region in the quartz glass tube 41, is formed in the moving process of the ionized wave, when the ionized wave reaches the low-voltage end, the electric field in the capillary tube is equal to the ratio of the potential difference between the high-voltage electrode 42 and the low-voltage electrode 43 to the length between the quartz glass tube 41, and the macromolecular gas can be cracked rapidly and discharged through the gas outlet pipeline 45 due to the extremely high electric field;
in one embodiment of the present invention, the shielding layer 46 is coated with a layer of high temperature resistant and flame retardant material with good elasticity, specifically, a foam material or a rubber material; the buffer protection effect is good, and the fragile quartz material is protected;
the gas inlet pipeline 44 is connected with the macromolecular gas container 1 to be cracked and the heating device 2 through pipelines, the macromolecular gas container 1 to be cracked and the heating device 2 are connected in parallel, a first flow controller 11 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the macromolecular gas container 1 to be cracked and the gas inlet pipeline 44, and a second flow controller 21 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the heating device 2 and the gas inlet pipeline 44;
the macromolecular gas container 1 to be cracked contains fuel gas, wherein the fuel gas can be gaseous fuel in normal use or fuel which is vaporized into gaseous fuel through heating;
the heating device 2 is used for heating the inert gas and transmitting the heated inert gas into the quartz glass tube 41 so as to remove air in the quartz glass tube 41 and avoid explosion hazard accidents, and an air inlet of the heating device 2 is connected with an inert gas container;
as a further scheme of the present invention, an air inlet pressure probe 3 and an air outlet pressure probe 5 are respectively installed at an air inlet of the air inlet pipeline 44 and an air outlet of the air outlet pipeline 45, and are respectively used for monitoring the pressure at the air inlet of the air inlet pipeline 44 and the air outlet of the air outlet pipeline 45;
the gas outlet pipeline 45 is connected with the vacuum pump 7 through a pipeline, a gas valve 6 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the gas outlet pipeline 45 with the vacuum pump 7, and the vacuum pump 7 provides power for the gas flow in the whole low-temperature cracking device;
the working method of the macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on the nanosecond pulse rapid ionization wave comprises the following steps:
firstly, a vacuum pump 7 works, inert gas is heated through a heating device 2, the heated inert gas is introduced into a quartz glass tube 41, a pipeline structure is heated, when the temperature in the quartz glass tube 41 reaches a preset value, a second flow controller 21 is closed, and meanwhile, a first flow controller 11 is opened to introduce macromolecular fuel gas into the quartz glass tube 41;
secondly, turning on a high-voltage pulse power supply to crack macromolecular fuel gas, turning off the first flow controller 11 after the cracking work is finished, turning on the second flow controller 21 at the same time, discharging the fuel gas in the quartz glass tube 41 through inert gas, and simultaneously discharging condensate in the quartz glass tube 41 by increasing the flow rate of the inert gas in the quartz glass tube 41;
according to the invention, the quartz glass tube 41 is flushed by the heated inert gas, the air in the quartz glass tube 41 is discharged, the inert gas atmosphere is formed in the quartz glass tube 41, in addition, the high-temperature inert gas can heat the quartz glass tube 41 and the pipeline structure, so that the quartz glass tube 41 can reach the preset temperature, and the evaporated fuel gas is prevented from being condensed into liquid fuel after entering the pipeline and the quartz glass tube 41, and the subsequent low-temperature cracking is not influenced;
according to the invention, a plasma region containing a large amount of excited molecular atoms and ions is formed in the quartz glass tube 41 region, so that fuel macromolecules are cracked, the process can be carried out in extreme environments such as low temperature and low pressure, the requirement on the environment is reduced, and the adaptability of the whole cracking device to the environment is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation and a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate member, or they may be connected through two or more elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device based on nanosecond pulse rapid ionization waves is characterized by comprising a discharge tube structure (4), wherein the discharge tube structure (4) comprises a quartz glass tube (41), a high-voltage electrode (42) and a low-voltage electrode (43) are respectively fixed at two ends of the quartz glass tube (41), parts of the high-voltage electrode (42) and the low-voltage electrode (43) are positioned in the quartz glass tube (41), an air inlet pipeline (44) is arranged on one side, close to the high-voltage electrode (42), of the quartz glass tube (41), and an air outlet pipeline (45) is arranged on one side, close to the low-voltage electrode (43), of the quartz glass tube (41);
the high-voltage electrode (42) is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply through a positive cable (47), and the low-voltage electrode (43) is grounded through a negative cable (48);
the discharge tube structure (4) further comprises a shielding layer (46) which covers the quartz glass tube (41), the high-voltage electrode (42) and the low-voltage electrode (43).
2. The nanosecond-pulse fast ionized-wave-based macromolecular gas cryogenic decomposition device according to claim 1, wherein the shielding layer (46) is coated with a layer of foam flame retardant material.
3. The nanosecond-pulse rapid ionization-wave-based macromolecular gas cryogenic decomposition device according to claim 1, wherein the gas inlet pipeline (44) is connected with a macromolecular gas container (1) to be decomposed and a heating device (2) which are connected in parallel with each other through pipelines, a gas inlet of the heating device (2) is connected with an inert gas container, and the heating device (2) is used for heating the inert gas.
4. The nanosecond-pulse rapid ionization-wave-based macromolecular gas cryogenic decomposition device according to claim 3, wherein a first flow controller (11) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the macromolecular gas container (1) to be decomposed and the gas inlet pipeline (44), and a second flow controller (21) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the heating device (2) and the gas inlet pipeline (44).
5. The nanosecond-pulse rapid ionization-wave-based macromolecular gas cryogenic cracking device according to claim 4, wherein a gas inlet pressure probe (3) and a gas outlet pressure probe (5) are respectively installed at the gas inlet of the gas inlet pipeline (44) and the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipeline (45) and are respectively used for monitoring the pressure at the gas inlet of the gas inlet pipeline (44) and the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipeline (45).
6. The nanosecond-pulse rapid ionization-wave-based macromolecular gas low-temperature cracking device according to claim 5, wherein the gas outlet pipeline (45) is connected with the vacuum pump (7) through a pipeline, and a gas valve (6) is arranged on the pipeline connecting the gas outlet pipeline (45) and the vacuum pump (7).
7. The device for the cryogenic decomposition of macromolecular gases based on nanosecond pulsed fast ionizing waves according to claim 5, wherein the working method of the cryogenic decomposition device is as follows:
firstly, a vacuum pump (7) works, inert gas is heated through a heating device (2), the heated inert gas is introduced into a quartz glass tube (41), a pipeline structure and the quartz glass tube (41) are heated, when the temperature in the quartz glass tube (41) reaches a preset value, a second flow controller (21) is closed, and meanwhile, a first flow controller (11) is opened, and macromolecular fuel gas is introduced into the quartz glass tube (41);
and the second step, starting a high-voltage pulse power supply, cracking macromolecular fuel gas, closing the first flow controller (11) after finishing cracking work, simultaneously starting the second flow controller (21), discharging the fuel gas in the quartz glass tube (41) through inert gas, and simultaneously discharging condensate in the quartz glass tube (41) through increasing the flow velocity of the inert gas in the quartz glass tube (41).
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