CN114190302B - Eel symbiotic method based on recirculating aquaculture - Google Patents
Eel symbiotic method based on recirculating aquaculture Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 240000000691 Houttuynia cordata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013719 Houttuynia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 241000246358 Thymus Species 0.000 claims description 15
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000252073 Anguilliformes Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a eel symbiotic method based on recirculating aquaculture, which comprises the following steps: establishing a finless eel recirculating aquaculture system in the greenhouse, and placing biological filter cotton in a water inlet pipe of the recirculating aquaculture system; building a three-dimensional planting wall at the edge of the culture pond, planting purslane and houttuynia cordata in the middle upper layer of the three-dimensional planting wall, and planting thyme in the lower layer of the three-dimensional planting wall; after the finless eel fries are put in, the cultivation time is 3-5 months, the water in the cultivation pool is pumped into the planting wall through a submersible pump for 5-8 hours every day, the biological filter cotton in the water inlet pipe is cleaned for 1 time every 20-30 days, and vegetables are collected every 30 days. The eel symbiosis method based on the circulating water culture has the characteristics of convenience in operation, space saving, high culture survival rate and the like, not only solves the problem of accumulation of part of circulating water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts, but also can effectively remove the fishy smell of eels and improve the resistance of the eels to diseases and insect pests, thereby reducing the culture risk.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an eel symbiosis method.
Background
The economic benefit of the finless eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew) cultivation is high, the market is wide, and the finless eel cultivation method has a good development prospect. The eel symbiotic circulating water culture mode is a green culture mode, has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer and pesticide saving, high nitrogen source utilization rate and the like, can realize the aims of ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products, reducing the discharge of culture wastes and the like, and accords with the development trend of the future aquatic product industry by developing the eel symbiotic circulating water culture mode.
The fish-vegetable symbiotic mode in China mainly takes a mode of cultivating aquatic vegetables by floating beds of pond supporting organisms as a main mode (Yuan quan and the like, 2019) and takes an industrial circulating water fish-vegetable symbiotic system as an auxiliary mode. At present, the mode of eel breeding is mainly cage breeding, the common way of eel and vegetable symbiosis is that according to the characteristics that the growing seasons of swamp cabbages (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Solms) and water peanuts (Alternanthera phyteroides Griseb) are the same, the common water hyacinth and water peanuts in the eel cage are replaced by water spinach, so that the function of shading is achieved, the water spinach is regularly harvested to accelerate the conversion and utilization of rich nutrient substances in the cage, and the harvested water spinach can create additional economic benefits. However, in the circulating water finless eel aquaculture, if vegetables are directly planted on the aquaculture water surface, the withered vegetable leaves or root systems can cause the blockage of a filtering system, so that the manual cleaning cost is increased, and because the density of the circulating water finless eel is particularly high, excessive finless eels inhabit the root systems of the vegetables for movement, and the vegetables cannot grow well. In addition, under the condition of high-density circulating water culture, diseases and pests of the finless eels, particularly enteritis, hemorrhagic disease and the like are easy to occur, and functional vegetable varieties beneficial to disease and pest control of the finless eels need to be screened urgently.
Therefore, a method for symbiosis of eel based on circulating water culture needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an eel symbiotic method, which has the basic working principle that:
under the condition of circulating water aquaculture of finless eels, an independent eel symbiotic system based on a planting wall technology is added, vegetables such as purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), houttuynia cordata (Houttuynia cordiata Thunb.), thyme (Thymus mongolicus Ronn) and the like are reasonably matched on a planting wall, water is circulated for 5-8 hours every day, filter cotton is cleaned at regular time, and the vegetables are harvested in time.
Specifically, the eel symbiotic method based on the circulating water aquaculture comprises the following steps:
establishing a finless eel circulating water culture system in the greenhouse, and placing biological filter cotton in a water inlet pipe of the circulating water culture system;
building a three-dimensional planting wall at the edge of the culture pond, planting purslane and houttuynia cordata in the middle upper layer of the three-dimensional planting wall, and planting thyme in the lower layer of the three-dimensional planting wall;
after the finless eel fries are put in, the cultivation time is 3-5 months, the water in the cultivation pool is pumped into the planting wall through a submersible pump for 5-8 hours every day, the biological filter cotton in the water inlet pipe is cleaned for 1 time every 20-30 days, and vegetables are collected every 30 days;
wherein, in the plastic greenhouse, breeding canvas with the thickness of 0.1mm to 0.6mm or a high-density polyethylene impermeable film is paved on a breeding pond with the area of 1 to 200 square meters and the height of 40 to 60 centimeters; placing eel nests in the culture pond, wherein the eel nests occupy 40-80% of the area of the culture pond; the area of the circulating water filtration system is 5-20% of the area of each layer of culture pond;
the three-dimensional planting wall is built by adopting PVC (polyvinyl chloride) obliquely-inserted wall cultivation plates, vegetables are planted on one side, the thickness of the three-dimensional planting wall is 10-20 cm, 20-50 planting holes are formed in each square meter, the water outlet of each planting hole is the water inlet of a vertically corresponding planting hole in the lower line, and the area of the planting wall is 5% -10% of that of the culture pond; the water in the culture pond is pumped to a water inlet pipe on the uppermost surface of the planting wall through a submersible pump, biological filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet pipe, the filtered water enters the planting holes through the vertical corresponding holes and finally flows back to the culture pond from the liquid return groove, and the diameter of each cavity, the water inlet and the water outlet is 0.5-2 cm;
wherein the plant numbers of the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thymus serpyllum are respectively 20 to 40 percent, 20 to 30 percent and 40 to 50 percent; after soil is washed away from root systems of the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thyme, the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thyme are planted in a planting cup with a substrate of ceramsite, wherein the ceramsite accounts for 20% -40% of the space of the planting cup.
More specifically, the eel symbiotic method based on recirculating aquaculture comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a finless eel recirculating aquaculture system: in the plastic greenhouse, breeding canvas with the thickness of 0.1mm-0.6mm or a high-density polyethylene impermeable film is paved on a breeding pond with the area of 1-200 square meters and the height of 40-60 centimeters. The eel breeding nests are placed in the breeding water pool, each group of eel breeding nests is formed by stacking 3-10S-shaped plastic plate planes with grooves, each group of eel nests is 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 10-40 cm high, and the area of all the eel nests accounts for 40-80% of the area of the breeding water pool. Then, a circulating water filtering system is installed, and the process flow of the circulating water filtering system is as follows: pumping water by a water pump, sterilizing by an ultraviolet lamp, filtering by biochemical cotton, filtering by active carbon and zeolite, filtering by a bacteria room, and enabling water to enter a water tank, wherein the area of a circulating water filtering system is 5-20% of that of each layer of culture water tank;
2) Building a planting wall: and (4) building a three-dimensional planting wall at the edge of the culture pond. The planting wall is built by adopting PVC inclined-inserting type wall cultivation plates, vegetables are planted on one side of the planting wall, the thickness of the planting wall is 10-20 cm, 20-50 pentagonal planting holes are formed in each square meter, the water outlet of each planting hole is the water inlet of a vertically corresponding planting hole in the line below the planting hole, and the area of the planting wall is 5% -10% of the area of the culture pond. The water in the culture pond is pumped to the water inlet pipe on the top of the planting wall through a 20-100W submersible pump, biological filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet pipe, the filtered water enters the planting holes through the vertically corresponding holes and finally flows back to the culture pond through the liquid return groove, and the diameter of each cavity, the water inlet and the water outlet is 0.5-2 cm.
3) Planting vegetables: plant vegetables in the pentagonal field planting cup that matches with the field planting hole, the vegetables kind includes: purslane, houttuynia cordata and thyme, wherein the purslane and the houttuynia cordata are planted on the upper middle layer of the stereoscopic planting wall, the thyme is planted on the lower layer of the stereoscopic planting wall, and the plant number of the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thyme is respectively 20% -40%,20% -30% and 40% -50%. After soil is washed off from the root system of the vegetable, the root system of the vegetable is planted in a planting cup with a substrate of ceramsite, the ceramsite accounts for 20-40% of the space of the planting cup, and the planting cup with the seedling body is directly inserted into a planting hole to complete the planting of the vegetable;
4) Eel symbiotic management: clean river water, pond water or aerated tap water is filled into the culture pond, the water depth is based on the standard of just submerging an eel nest, 5-30 kilograms of healthy and active eel fries are put into each square meter of the culture pond, and the specifications of the eel fries are 20-100 tails/kilogram. The cultivation time is 3-5 months, the water in the cultivation pool is pumped into the planting wall by a submersible pump every day for 5-8 hours, the biological filter cotton in the water inlet pipe is cleaned for 1 time every 20-30 days, and vegetables are harvested every 30 days.
The eel symbiosis method based on the circulating water culture provided by the invention not only solves the problem of accumulation of part of circulating water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts in the prior art, but also can effectively remove the fishy smell of eels, improve the resistance of eels to diseases and insect pests and reduce the culture risk.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the eel symbiosis method based on the circulating water culture is provided, the vertical agricultural technology is combined with the circulating water culture technology, the eel culture tail water is utilized for three-dimensional vegetable planting, chemical fertilizers are not required to be applied, the space is saved, and part of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt in circulating water is absorbed and utilized by vegetables to make up for the defects of a circulating water filtration system; the capability of the finless eel in resisting plant diseases and insect pests is improved by using secondary metabolites of purslane and houttuynia cordata, the survival rate of the finless eel is up to more than 90%, and nonreactive culture is really realized; the fishy smell of the finless eel is removed by utilizing the secondary metabolite of the thyme, and the meat quality of the finless eel is improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Raw materials and other sources:
finless eel offspring and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), houttuynia cordata (Houttuynia cordita Thunb.) and thyme (Thymus mongolicus Ronn) offspring: farm institute village-row test station of Shanghai city;
activated carbon, zeolite and bacteria house: general commercial products
Immersible pump, haydite, PVC wall body cultivation board, plant the cup surely: general commercial products
Example 1
An eel symbiotic method based on circulating water culture comprises the following specific steps:
1) Establishing a finless eel circulating water culture system: in the plastic greenhouse, a culture pond is paved by a high-density polyethylene impermeable film with the thickness of 0.3mm, the area of the culture pond is 20 square meters, and the height of the culture pond is 50 centimeters. The eel breeding nests are placed in the breeding water pool, each group of eel breeding nests is formed by stacking 6S-shaped plastic plate planes with grooves, each group of eel nests is 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 25 cm high, and the area of each eel nest accounts for 50% of the area of the breeding water pool. Then, a circulating water filtering system is installed, and the process flow of the circulating water filtering system is as follows: pumping water by a water pump, sterilizing by an ultraviolet lamp, filtering by biochemical cotton, filtering by activated carbon and zeolite, filtering by a bacteria room, and enabling water to enter a water pool, wherein the area of a circulating water filtering system is 10 percent of that of each layer of culture water pool;
2) Building a planting wall: and (4) building a three-dimensional planting wall at the edge of the culture pond. The planting wall is built by adopting a PVC inclined-insertion type wall body cultivation plate, vegetables are planted on one side, the thickness of the planting wall is 15 cm, 30 pentagonal planting holes are formed in each square meter, the water outlet of each planting hole is the water inlet of a vertically corresponding planting hole below the planting hole, and the area of the planting wall is 10% of the area of the culture pond. Water in the culture pond is pumped to a water inlet pipe on the uppermost surface of the planting wall through a 35-watt submersible pump, biological filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet pipe, the filtered water enters the planting holes through the vertically corresponding holes and finally flows back to the culture pond through the liquid return groove, and the diameter of each cavity, the diameter of each water inlet and the diameter of each water outlet are 1 cm.
3) Planting vegetables: vegetables are planted in a pentagonal planting cup matched with the planting holes, the vegetables are purslane, houttuynia cordata and thyme, the purslane and the houttuynia cordata are planted in the middle upper layer of the three-dimensional planting wall, the thyme is planted in the lower layer of the three-dimensional planting wall, and the plant number of the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thyme is respectively 30%,30% and 40%. After soil is washed off from the root system of the vegetable, the root system of the vegetable is planted in a planting cup with a substrate of ceramsite, the ceramsite accounts for 30% of the space of the planting cup, and the planting cup with the seedling body is directly inserted into a planting hole to complete the planting of the vegetable;
4) Eel symbiotic management: clean river water is filled into the culture pond, the water depth is based on the fact that a eel nest is just submerged, 6 kilograms of healthy and active eel fries are put in each square meter of the culture pond, and the specifications of the eel fries are 40/kilogram. The cultivation time is 4 months, the water in the cultivation pool is pumped into the planting wall through a submersible pump every day for 6 hours, the biological filter cotton in the water inlet pipe is cleaned 1 time every 20 days, and vegetables are harvested every 30 days.
The survival rate of the finless eel cultured in 4 months in the case is 92%, and the meat has no fishy smell; 8 kg of vegetables are harvested.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An eel symbiotic method based on recirculating aquaculture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Establishing a finless eel circulating water culture system: in the plastic greenhouse, breeding canvas with the thickness of 0.1mm-0.6mm or a high-density polyethylene impermeable film is paved on a breeding pond with the area of 1-200 square meters and the height of 40-60 cm; placing eel breeding nests in the breeding water pool, wherein each group of eel breeding nests is formed by stacking 3-10S-shaped plastic plate planes with grooves, each group of eel nests is 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 10-40 cm high, and the area of all the eel nests accounts for 40-80% of the area of the breeding water pool; installing a circulating water filtering system, wherein the process flow of the circulating water filtering system is as follows: pumping water by a water pump, sterilizing by an ultraviolet lamp, filtering by biochemical cotton, filtering by active carbon and zeolite, filtering by a bacteria room, and enabling water to enter a water tank, wherein the area of a circulating water filtering system is 5-20% of that of each layer of culture water tank;
2) Building a planting wall: building a three-dimensional planting wall at the edge of the culture pond; the planting wall is built by adopting a PVC inclined-insertion type wall body planting plate, vegetables are planted on a single side, the thickness of the planting wall is 10-20 cm, 20-50 pentagonal planting holes are formed in each square meter, a water outlet of each planting hole is a water inlet of a vertically corresponding planting hole in a line below the planting hole, and the area of the planting wall is 5% -10% of that of the culture pond; pumping water in the culture pond to a water inlet pipe on the uppermost surface of the planting wall through a 20-100W submersible pump, wherein biological filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet pipe, the filtered water enters the planting holes through the vertical corresponding holes and finally flows back to the culture pond from the liquid return groove, and the diameter of each cavity, the water inlet and the water outlet is 0.5-2 cm;
3) Planting vegetables: planting vegetables in a planting cup matched with the planting holes, wherein the vegetable types comprise: purslane, houttuynia cordata and thyme, wherein the purslane and the houttuynia cordata are planted on the upper middle layer of the stereoscopic planting wall, the thyme is planted on the lower layer of the stereoscopic planting wall, and the plant numbers of the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the thyme are respectively 20% -40%,20% -30% and 40% -50%; after soil is washed off from the root system of the vegetable, the root system of the vegetable is planted in a planting cup with a substrate of ceramsite, the ceramsite accounts for 20-40% of the space of the planting cup, and the planting cup with the seedling body is directly inserted into a planting hole to complete the planting of the vegetable;
4) Eel symbiotic management: clean river water, pond water or aerated tap water is added into the culture pond, the water depth is based on the fact that an eel nest is just submerged, 5-30 kg of healthy and active eel fries are put into each square meter of the culture pond, the size of the eel fries is 20-100/kg, and the culture time is 3-5 months; the time that the planting wall is pumped into the water of the culture pond through a submersible pump is 5-8 hours every day, the biological filter cotton in the water inlet pipe is cleaned for 1 time every 20-30 days, and vegetables are harvested every 30 days.
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| CN104920199A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-09-23 | 活力循环有限公司 | Aquatic vegetable cultivating device |
| CN108849688A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 深圳华大海洋科技有限公司 | Recirculated water stereo ecological cultivating system |
| CN107094695A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 魏东 | System is grown in a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic three dimensional-planting-breeding |
| CN211793804U (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-10-30 | 青岛蓝谷鲲鹏海洋科技有限公司 | Factory high-density fish-vegetable symbiotic system for production type |
| CN111602620B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2024-07-23 | 宁夏丹辰科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional combined movable fish and vegetable symbiotic system |
| CN112314278B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Controllable rice-eel co-farming method |
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| CN114190302A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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