CN114190216A - 一种油茶育苗方法 - Google Patents

一种油茶育苗方法 Download PDF

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CN114190216A
CN114190216A CN202010988214.XA CN202010988214A CN114190216A CN 114190216 A CN114190216 A CN 114190216A CN 202010988214 A CN202010988214 A CN 202010988214A CN 114190216 A CN114190216 A CN 114190216A
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古博文
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Hunan Wanmuchun Oil Tea Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开的一种油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：(1)油茶母树施肥；(2)油茶母树的处理；(3)侧枝环剥处理；(4)扦插枝剪取与处理；(5)苗床准备与扦插；(6)插后管理；(7)移植到大田。本发明采用插叶育苗法进行无性繁殖，保持母油茶树的优良特性，稳定遗传，分化速度快，育苗成活率达90％以上。

Description

一种油茶育苗方法
技术领域
本发明涉及植物育苗技术领域，尤其涉及一种提高发芽率和出苗率的油茶育苗方法。
背景技术
油茶属常绿小乔木。因其种子可榨油(茶油)供食用，故名。茶油色清味香，营养丰富，耐贮藏，是优质食用油；也可作为润滑油、防锈油用于工业。茶饼既是农药，又是肥料，可提高农田蓄水能力和防治稻田害虫。果皮是提制栲胶的原料。现阶段的油茶种子育苗的发芽率和出苗率低，并且出现移栽后成活率不高的情况。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于：针对现有技术的不足而提供一种提高发芽率和出苗率的油茶育苗方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题可以采用如下技术方案来实现：
一种油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥；
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑；
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前40-50天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置2-3小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质；
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤3)环剥口处理完毕后50-60天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，15～25℃浸泡2～3h；
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高25～30cm、宽1.2～1.4m的苗床，按0.2～0.3L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距4～6cm；
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度30～35％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达65～70％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长3～4cm时，按25～30g/m2的用量追施1次尿素；
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至10～15cm，移植到大田。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠18～25g/L、维生素B1250～80mg/L、海藻酸钠120～150g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸50～100g/L、萘乙酸30～80g/L、玉米素10～20g/L、茉莉酸甲酯10～20g/L、水杨酸15～25g/L。
由于采用了如上技术方案，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明采用插叶育苗法进行无性繁殖，保持母油茶树的优良特性，稳定遗传，分化速度快，育苗成活率达90％以上。
2、本发明利用生长增效剂500倍液处理插叶，促进叶柄、叶缘处产生不定根及不定芽，加速新芽抽出、萌动。
具体实施方式
结合下面实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
本实施例中的油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥。
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑。
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前40天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置2小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质。
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤3)环剥口处理完毕后50天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，15℃浸泡2；在本实施例中，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠18g/L、维生素B1250～80mg/L、海藻酸钠120g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸50g/L、萘乙酸30g/L、玉米素10g/L、茉莉酸甲酯10g/L、水杨酸15g/L。
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高25cm、宽1.2m的苗床，按0.2L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距4cm。
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度30％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达65％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长3cm时，按25g/m2的用量追施1次尿素。
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至10cm，移植到大田。
实施例2
本实施例中的油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥。
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑。
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前50天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置3小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质。
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤3)环剥口处理完毕后60天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，25℃浸泡3h；在本实施例中，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠25g/L、维生素B1280mg/L、海藻酸钠150g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸100g/L、萘乙酸80g/L、玉米素20g/L、茉莉酸甲酯20g/L、水杨酸25g/L。
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高30cm、宽1.4m的苗床，按00.3L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距6cm。
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度35％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达70％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长4cm时，按30g/m2的用量追施1次尿素。
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至15cm，移植到大田。
实施例3
本实施例中的油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥。
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑。
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前45天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置2.5小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质。
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤3)环剥口处理完毕后55天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，20℃浸泡2～3h。在本实施例中，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠22g/L、维生素B1265mg/L、海藻酸钠135g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸75g/L、萘乙酸50g/L、玉米素15g/L、茉莉酸甲酯15g/L、水杨酸20g/L。
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高27cm、宽1.3m的苗床，按0.25L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距5cm。
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度32％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达68％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长3.5cm时，按27g/m2的用量追施1次尿素。
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至12cm，移植到大田。
实施例4
本实施例中的油茶育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥。
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑。
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前45天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置2.5小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质。
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤3)环剥口处理完毕后55天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，15℃浸泡3h；在本实施例中，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠25g/L、维生素B1250mg/L、海藻酸钠100g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸100g/L、萘乙酸50g/L、玉米素15g/L、茉莉酸甲酯15g/L、水杨酸20g/L。
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高28cm、宽1.2m的苗床，按0.3L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距5cm。
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度35％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达65％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长4cm时，按30g/m2的用量追施1次尿素。
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至15cm，移植到大田。
实施例1-4的实验结果，分别记录发芽率、发芽周期、育苗周期(油茶苗长至10厘米以上)、成活率，实验结果见表1
表1
发芽率 发芽周期 育苗周期 成活率
实施例1 93％ 8天 35天 91％
实施例2 95％ 7天 32天 92％
实施例3 95％ 6天 29天 91％
实施例4 99％ 5天 23天 96％
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。

Claims (2)

1.一种油茶育苗方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)油茶母树施肥：剪取扦插枝条前6个月，对油茶母树根部追肥一次，剪取扦插枝条前4个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施一次叶面肥；
(2)油茶母树的处理：剪取扦插枝条前3个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次复硝酚钠；剪取扦插枝条前2个月，对油茶母树枝叶喷施1次多效唑；
(3)侧枝环剥处理：扦插前40-50天，选取油茶母树上一年生以上的侧枝进行环状剥皮形成环剥口，对环剥口消毒后，再用ABT生根粉涂抹，涂抹后放置2-3小时，用生根基质将环剥口覆盖并完全包裹，然后用薄膜包裹住生根基质；
(4)扦插枝剪取与处理：待步骤(3)环剥口处理完毕后50-60天，即可剪取生根了的侧枝用于扦插，修剪插叶上的多余枝皮，用清水冲洗一次，加入生长增效剂500倍液中，15～25℃浸泡2～3h；
(5)苗床准备与扦插：将育苗基质堆铺成高25～30cm、宽1.2～1.4m的苗床，按0.2～0.3L/m2的用量喷洒清水，再将插叶沿叶柄向上的2/5部分斜插入土中，并将叶片周边的育苗基质按实，插距4～6cm；
(6)插后管理：搭棚遮阴，控制透光度30～35％，定期在苗床表面喷施清水，使苗床基质湿度达65～70％，待油茶幼苗株高每增长3～4cm时，按25～30g/m2的用量追施1次尿素；
(7)移植：当油茶幼苗长至10～15cm，移植到大田。
2.如权利要求1所述的油茶育苗方法，其特征在于，所述生长增效剂由生长增效剂a和生长增效剂b按等体积进行超声分散制得；所述生长增效剂a以水为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：复硝酚钠18～25g/L、维生素B1250～80mg/L、海藻酸钠120～150g/L；所述生长增效剂b以95％乙醇为溶剂，包括以下质量浓度的组分：吲哚乙酸50～100g/L、萘乙酸30～80g/L、玉米素10～20g/L、茉莉酸甲酯10～20g/L、水杨酸15～25g/L。
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CN117567201A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-02-20 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 一种提高仙茅组培苗驯化成活率以及生长速率的方法

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CN117567201A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-02-20 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 一种提高仙茅组培苗驯化成活率以及生长速率的方法
CN117567201B (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-03-15 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 一种提高仙茅组培苗驯化成活率以及生长速率的方法

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