CN114189071B - Magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor, magnetic flux guiding design method thereof and magnetic leakage regulation and control method - Google Patents
Magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor, magnetic flux guiding design method thereof and magnetic leakage regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114189071B CN114189071B CN202111677301.4A CN202111677301A CN114189071B CN 114189071 B CN114189071 B CN 114189071B CN 202111677301 A CN202111677301 A CN 202111677301A CN 114189071 B CN114189071 B CN 114189071B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor, a magnetic flux guiding design method and a magnetic flux leakage regulation method thereof, which comprise a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor comprises a plurality of asymmetric units, namely a directional magnetic flux leakage unit (3) and a directional torque unit (4), the directional magnetic flux leakage unit (3) is responsible for regulating leakage magnetic flux, and the directional torque unit (4) is responsible for torque output. The directional magnetic leakage unit (3) and the directional torque unit (4) are physically decoupled, and magnetic circuits are mutually independent. According to the invention, through the establishment of the asymmetric units, the flexible adjustment of the magnetic flux of the motor under different operation conditions of the motor is realized, the operation efficiency of the motor can be effectively improved when the motor operates at high speed, the speed range of the motor is improved, and the output torque of the motor can be ensured at low speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable-working-condition magnetic-field-controllable permanent magnet motor, a magnetic flux guiding design method and a magnetic leakage regulation and control method, and belongs to the fields of motor technologies, electric automobiles and electric tractors.
Background
Along with the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the transformation and upgrading of the automobile industry are continuously accelerated, and the pure electric automobile is generated by the characteristics of high efficiency and zero emission. As driving power of an electric vehicle, a driving motor for a vehicle is a core of the whole electric vehicle, and determines power output of the electric vehicle. In recent years, permanent magnet motors are often popular choices for driving motors for vehicles due to their advantages such as high power density and high torque density. However, the existing permanent magnet motor has a plurality of defects in specific application, and the defects are specifically shown in the following steps:
(1) In the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet is used as an excitation magnetic source to replace an electric excitation magnetic source in the traditional electric excitation motor, so that the operation efficiency of the motor is improved to a certain extent, however, at the same time, the constant air-gap field of the permanent magnet is difficult to adjust and is limited by the capacity of an inverter, so that the permanent magnet motor is difficult to speed up at high speed. The traditional permanent magnet motor adopts weak magnetic control to weaken the permanent magnet air gap field through armature reaction, but with the increase of weak magnetic current, copper loss rises when the motor is high-speed, efficiency when the motor is operated at high speed is reduced to a certain extent, in addition, the addition of the weak magnetic current also causes the permanent magnet torque of the motor to be reduced, and torque output capacity of the motor is limited to a certain extent.
(2) In order to improve the weak magnetic energy of the permanent magnet motor at high speed and overcome the defect of the constant magnetic field of the traditional permanent magnet motor, a mixed excitation motor is focused by students at home and abroad, the motor is added with an electric excitation magnetic field as an auxiliary magnetic field, the main magnetic flux of the motor is enhanced and weakened by adjusting the polarity and the direction of the electric excitation magnetic field, the defect of constant magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor is objectively overcome, but the copper consumption of the motor is also improved by an additional electric excitation magnetic field, and the high-speed efficiency of the motor is still lower.
(3) In order to avoid the increase of copper loss caused by continuous excitation in a hybrid excitation motor, a memory motor applying instantaneous excitation pulses becomes a research hot spot for domestic and foreign scholars, the motor adopts a low-coercivity alnico permanent magnet, realizes the on-line magnetization of the permanent magnet by applying short-time excitation pulse current on line, and changes the magnetization direction and magnetization level of the permanent magnet according to the magnitude and direction of the pulse current. The motor objectively improves the running efficiency of the motor at high speed, and simultaneously overcomes the defect that the permanent magnetic field is not adjustable, but the complexity of the motor is greatly increased due to the addition of the extra excitation winding, and the motor control difficulty is improved. In addition, the magnetization level of the motor is not controllable, and the reliability of the motor is reduced.
Generally, regarding the existing means and technology, although the speed range of the permanent magnet motor can be partially improved at high speed, the defects of reduction of efficiency, increase of motor complexity, reduction of motor reliability and the like at high speed are overcome, and the efficient permanent magnet motor with high reliability and simple structure is still lacking at present, so that the speed range of the permanent magnet motor at high speed can be improved, and meanwhile, the running efficiency of the motor at high speed is considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor, a magnetic flux guiding design method and a magnetic flux leakage regulation and control method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is positioned at the outer side of the rotor; a layer of air gap is arranged between the stator and the rotor; the rotor is fixed with the rotating shaft; the stator comprises a stator core (1) and a stator winding (2), wherein the stator core (1) comprises m armature teeth (1-1) and a stator yoke, grooves among the armature teeth (1-1) are pear-shaped, the stator winding (2) is a distributed integer groove winding, the stator winding (2) is wound on the armature teeth (1-1), and the rotor comprises a plurality of asymmetric units, and comprises n directional magnetic leakage units (3) and n directional torque units (4) which are alternately arranged.
Further, the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) comprises a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4), a magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) and magnetic leakage steel, wherein the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and an air gap, and the magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and a rotating shaft; the rotor directional torque unit (4) comprises a magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4), a magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) and torque magnetic steel, wherein the magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the rotating shaft, and the magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the air gap.
Further, the magnetic leakage steel is in an inverted U shape and consists of a permanent magnet A (3-1), a permanent magnet B (3-2) and a permanent magnet C (3-3), wherein the permanent magnet A (3-1) is in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) form an eight-shaped shape; the torque magnetic steel is splayed and consists of a permanent magnet D (4-1) and a permanent magnet E (4-2).
Further, the permanent magnet A (3-1) is radially magnetized, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) are magnetized in the forward direction; the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) are magnetized in the forward direction.
Furthermore, the stator is made of silicon steel sheet material, the rotor permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron material, and a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) in the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) is made of silicon steel sheet or soft magnetic material with low saturation magnetic induction intensity.
The invention discloses a magnetic flux guiding design method of a variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, determining running speed distribution of an electric automobile by combining a new European driving period working condition, and giving out the speed regulation range requirement of the motor for the automobile according to the speed distribution; aiming at a certain electric automobile model, giving out an output torque requirement of an automobile motor;
step two, determining the power of the motor by combining the speed regulation range of the motor and the torque output requirement, and giving out the basic size of the motor according to a power size equation;
step three, considering the variable effect of motor magnetic leakage, determining the fit of motor pole grooves;
step four, determining the size of a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4): the leakage flux guiding design thought is provided, a leakage flux bypass is deliberately arranged in a q-axis magnetic circuit of the motor to guide the leakage flux of the motor to pass through, the motor flux is divided into two parts, the main flux and the leakage flux, and the size of the leakage flux of the motor can be changed by adjusting the size of a leakage flux bridge (3-4); providing a magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda, wherein the value of the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is between 0 and 1, and the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is used for balancing the importance degree of the motor speed regulation range and the torque output capacity;
step five, after the magnetic flux leakage factor coefficient value lambda is given, an optimized objective function of the motor is given by combining the magnetic flux leakage factor coefficient, and a multi-station motor optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize motor parameters, so that an optimal motor parameter value is given;
and step six, verifying the electromagnetic performance of the given optimal motor parameter value, wherein the electromagnetic performance comprises whether the output power, the output torque and the speed regulation range meet preset requirements or not, and if not, repeating the steps until the electromagnetic performance of the motor meets the requirements.
Further, the paths for guiding the leakage magnetic flux of the motor mainly have two paths: first, the leakage bypass width is designed such that adjacent permanent magnet flux forms a closed loop in the rotor leakage bypass rather than across the air gap; second, changing the property of the magnetic leakage bypass material, adopting low magnetic resistance easy saturation material to reduce the magnetic leakage bypass magnetic resistance, so that the permanent magnetic flux preferentially forms a closed loop in the rotor magnetic leakage bypass.
Further, the size of the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) has the effect of changing the size of the magnetic leakage flux of the motor, and the width of the magnetic bridge is 0.1-0.5 times of the radius of the rotor.
Further, the leakage factor coefficient lambda reduces the leakage factor coefficient value for a vehicle motor with high torque output capability requirements; for the requirement of wide speed regulation range, the magnetic leakage factor coefficient value is improved.
According to the variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor magnetic leakage regulation method, the magnitude of the armature current is changed in the stator winding (2) so that the magnetic leakage flux in the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is passively regulated, and the relation is as follows:
ψ δ ＝k/i q
wherein psi is δ Is the magnetic flux of permanent magnet leakage, i q The armature cross axis current value, k is the magnetic leakage constant, k value is between 0.01 and 0.1, and the magnetic leakage flux psi of the motor δ Motor permanent magnet flux psi of 0.1-0.5 times pm 。
Compared with the prior art, the variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor and the magnetic flux guiding design method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the rotor asymmetric unit is constructed to realize decoupling of the magnetic leakage magnetic circuit and the main magnetic circuit, when the motor operates at a high speed, the directional magnetic leakage magnetic flux reduces the effective air gap magnetic flux, improves the weak magnetic energy of the motor at the high speed, reduces the iron loss of the motor at the high speed, and is beneficial to stable operation of the motor at the high speed and wide-area high efficiency; when the motor operates at low speed, the armature current is increased, q-axis magnetic flux is coupled with d-axis magnetic circuit, directional leakage magnetic flux is reduced, leakage magnetic steel and torque magnetic steel jointly generate effective permanent magnet air gap magnetic flux of the motor, main magnetic flux of the motor is greatly increased, and load carrying capacity of the motor at low speed is improved
2. The design of the magnetic leakage steel and the torque steel is directly coupled with the operation characteristics of a low-speed constant-torque area and a high-speed constant-power area of the motor, and when different torque and rotation speed requirements are set, the requirements of electric tractors with different operation requirements and operation modes can be met by adjusting the design of the magnetic leakage steel and the torque steel. Through design motor directional magnetic leakage district magnet steel, magnetic bridge, can realize the change of motor magnetic leakage state to can realize the high-efficient operation when the motor is high-speed. On the other hand, the effective magnetic flux of the motor low-speed constant torque area can be changed by changing the magnetic steel of the motor directional torque area, so that the load capacity of the motor is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the directional magnetic leakage unit (3) and the directional torque unit (4) in fig. 1, wherein the arrow direction is the magnetization direction.
Fig. 3 is a magnetic circuit analysis diagram of the directional magnetic leakage unit (3) of the permanent magnet motor with controllable variable working condition magnetic field.
Fig. 4 is a magnetic circuit analysis diagram of the directional torque unit (4) of the permanent magnet motor with controllable variable working condition magnetic field.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the simulated d-axis flux linkage of the variable-working-condition magnetic-field-controllable permanent magnet motor according to the invention along with the q-axis current.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1-5, the permanent magnet motor with controllable magnetic field under variable working conditions comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is positioned on the outer side of the rotor; a layer of air gap is arranged between the stator and the rotor; the rotor is fixed with the rotating shaft; the stator comprises a stator core (1) and a stator winding (2), wherein the stator core (1) comprises m armature teeth (1-1) and a stator yoke, grooves among the armature teeth (1-1) are pear-shaped, the stator winding (2) is a distributed integer groove winding, the stator winding (2) is wound on the armature teeth (1-1), and the rotor comprises a plurality of asymmetric units, and comprises n directional magnetic leakage units (3) and n directional torque units (4) which are alternately arranged.
The rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) comprises a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4), a magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) and magnetic leakage steel, wherein the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and an air gap, and the magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and a rotating shaft; the rotor directional torque unit (4) comprises a magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4), a magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) and torque magnetic steel, wherein the magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the rotating shaft, and the magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the air gap.
The magnetic leakage steel is inverted U-shaped and consists of a permanent magnet A (3-1), a permanent magnet B (3-2) and a permanent magnet C (3-3), wherein the permanent magnet A (3-1) is inverted trapezoid, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) form an eight-shaped structure; the torque magnetic steel is splayed and consists of a permanent magnet D (4-1) and a permanent magnet E (4-2).
The permanent magnet A (3-1) is radially magnetized, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) are magnetized in the forward direction; the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) are magnetized in the forward direction.
Preferably: the stator iron core (1) and the rotor iron core (5) are made of silicon steel sheets, the rotor magnetic leakage steel magnet and the torque magnetic steel magnet are made of neodymium iron boron materials, and the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) in the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) is made of silicon steel sheets or soft magnetic materials with low saturation magnetic induction intensity.
The magnetic flux guiding design method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, determining running speed distribution of an electric automobile by combining NEDC working conditions of the automobile, and giving out the speed regulation range requirement of the motor for the automobile according to the speed distribution; for a certain electric automobile model, the energy consumption distribution and wheel side torque output of the motor are determined by combining the whole automobile parameters including whole automobile quality, rolling resistance coefficient, whole automobile running gradient, air resistance coefficient, whole automobile windward area and automobile rotation quality coefficient, and the motor output torque requirement of the automobile is given.
And step two, determining the power of the motor by combining the speed regulation range of the motor and the torque output requirement, and giving the outer diameter and the axial length of the motor according to a power size equation.
Step three, fully considering the variable effect of motor magnetic leakage, and determining the fit of motor pole grooves
Step four, determining the size of a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4): the design concept of leakage guide is provided, a leakage bypass is deliberately arranged on a q-axis magnetic circuit of the motor, and leakage magnetic flux of the motor is guided to pass through. The motor magnetic flux is divided into two parts, namely main magnetic flux and leakage magnetic flux, and the size of the motor leakage magnetic flux can be changed by adjusting the size of a leakage magnetic bridge (3-4); providing a magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda, wherein the value of the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is between 0 and 1, and the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is used for balancing the importance degree of the motor speed regulation range and the torque output capacity;
step five, after the magnetic leakage factor coefficient value lambda is given, the magnetic leakage factor coefficient is combined to give an optimized objective function of the motor, and a multi-working-condition motor optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize motor parameters, so that an optimal motor parameter value is given
And step six, verifying the electromagnetic performance of the given optimal motor parameter value, wherein the electromagnetic performance comprises whether the output power, the output torque and the speed regulation range meet preset requirements or not, and if not, repeating the steps until the electromagnetic performance of the motor meets the requirements.
And thirdly, considering the motor magnetic flux leakage saturation effect, the pole slot matching of the permanent magnet motor with controllable magnetic field under variable working conditions should adopt integer slot distributed windings, and the pole pitch is an integer, and simultaneously, the span and the pole pitch are equal or close. For a 36 slot stator slot structure, a pole slot matching scheme is very preferable for 36 slots 6, and a pole slot matching scheme is very feasible for 36 slots 8 pole, 36 slots 10 pole, 36 slots 14 pole, 36 slots 16 pole, 36 slots 20 pole, 36 slots 22 pole and 36 slots 24 pole; for the 48 slot stator slot structure, the 48 slot 8 is very preferably a polar slot mating scheme, and the 48 slot 10 pole, 48 slot 14 pole, 48 slot 18 pole, 48 slot 20 pole, 48 slot 22 pole, 48 slot 26 pole, 48 slot 28 pole, 48 slot 30 pole, 48 slot 32 is very feasible. The number of motor poles cannot exceed 2/3 of the number of motor slots, and when the number of motor poles is too high, the magnetic leakage variable effect is not obvious. In the embodiment, the variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor adopts a 48-slot 8-pole structure.
The rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) comprises a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4), a magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) and magnetic leakage steel, wherein the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and an air gap, and the magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and a rotating shaft; the rotor directional torque unit (4) comprises a magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4), a magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) and torque magnetic steel, wherein the magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the rotating shaft, and the magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the air gap.
The rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) is in an inverted U shape and consists of a permanent magnet A (3-1), a permanent magnet B (3-2) and a permanent magnet C, wherein the permanent magnet A (3-1) is in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) form an inverted V shape; the rotor directional torque unit (4) is characterized in that torque magnetic steel is splayed and consists of a permanent magnet D (4-1) and a permanent magnet E (4-2).
The included angle between the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) is 10-50 degrees, and in the embodiment, the included angle between the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) is set to be 30 degrees; the included angle between the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) is 20-50 degrees, and in the embodiment, the included angle between the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) is set to be 30 degrees.
The thickness of the permanent magnet A (3-1) is 1-5 mm; the thickness of the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) is 1-4 mm; the thickness of the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) is 1-4 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the permanent magnet A (3-1) is 2mm, the thicknesses of the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) are 2.5mm, and the thicknesses of the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) are 2.5mm.
The permanent magnet A (3-1) in the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) is radially magnetized, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) are magnetized in the forward direction; the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) in the rotor directional torque area are magnetized in the forward direction.
The leakage magnetic flux regulating and controlling principle means that the leakage magnetic flux is passively regulated by changing the magnitude of the armature current, and the relation thereof meets the following requirements
ψ δ ＝k/i q
Wherein psi is δ Is the magnetic flux of permanent magnet leakage, i q The armature cross axis current value, k is the magnetic leakage constant, k value is between 0.01 and 0.1, and the magnetic leakage flux psi of the motor δ Motor permanent magnet flux psi of 0.1-0.5 times pm ；
Preferably, there are two main ways of guiding the leakage magnetic flux to pass through: first, the leakage bypass width is designed such that adjacent permanent magnet flux forms a closed loop in the rotor leakage bypass rather than across the air gap; second, changing the property of the magnetic leakage bypass material, adopting low magnetic resistance easy saturation material to reduce the magnetic leakage bypass magnetic resistance, so that the permanent magnetic flux preferentially forms a closed loop in the rotor magnetic leakage bypass.
Preferably, the size of the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) has the effect of changing the size of the magnetic leakage flux of the motor, and the width of the magnetic bridge is 0.1-0.5 times of the radius of the rotor.
Preferably, the leakage flux factor coefficient λ reduces the leakage flux factor coefficient value for a vehicle motor having a high torque output capability requirement; for the requirement of wide speed regulation range, the magnetic leakage factor coefficient value is improved.
Preferably, the optimization objective function is specifically expressed as:
F＝λF T (x)+(1-λ)F c (x)
wherein F represents the comprehensive evaluation value of the objective function, F T An integrated evaluation value expressed as a target torque, F c The overall evaluation value is expressed as a target speed regulation range.
Preferably, the multi-working-condition motor optimization method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting motor size parameters to be optimized according to a motor structure
Step two, considering a low-speed working condition and a high-speed working condition of the motor, calculating the sensitivity of the size parameter to the comprehensive evaluation value of the objective function according to the two working conditions, dividing the parameter into two layers according to the sensitivity value, namely a high-sensitivity layer and a low-sensitivity layer, and discarding the parameters of the low-sensitivity layer in the low-speed working condition and the high-speed working condition
And thirdly, aiming at the high sensitive layer parameters of the low-speed working condition and the high-speed working condition, respectively adopting an intelligent modern algorithm under different working conditions, including a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm and a simulated annealing algorithm, and selecting an optimal parameter combination.
And step four, comparing the optimal parameters of the low-speed working condition and the high-speed working condition, taking the intersection between the two as a candidate point, comparing the electromagnetic performance of the motor structure based on the candidate point, and comprehensively selecting the optimal motor parameters.
Specifically, when the variable working condition magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor is in idle load, one magnetic leakage flux starts from the permanent magnet C (3-3), passes through the permanent magnet B (3-2), starts from the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) and returns to the permanent magnet C (3-3), starts from the permanent magnet C (3-3), passes through the permanent magnet A (3-1), and returns to the permanent magnet C (3-3) from the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4), and the magnetic leakage flux improves the weak magnetic energy of the motor at high speed, so that the speed regulation range of the motor and the operation efficiency of the motor at high speed are improved;
specifically, when the variable-working-condition magnetic-field controllable permanent magnet motor is loaded, the motor magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is gradually saturated along with the increase of motor armature current, the motor magnetic leakage flux path is blocked, the motor magnetic leakage path disappears, and the effective main magnetic flux of the motor is increased, so that the load carrying capacity of the motor at low speed is improved;
the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The permanent magnet motor with controllable magnetic field is characterized by comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is positioned on the outer side of the rotor; a layer of air gap is arranged between the stator and the rotor; the rotor is fixed with the rotating shaft; the stator comprises a stator iron core (1) and a stator winding (2), wherein the stator iron core (1) comprises m armature teeth (1-1) and a stator yoke, grooves among the armature teeth (1-1) are pear-shaped, the stator winding (2) is a distributed integer groove winding, the stator winding (2) is wound on the armature teeth (1-1), and the rotor comprises a plurality of asymmetric units, and comprises n rotor directional magnetic leakage units (3) and n rotor directional torque units (4) which are alternately arranged;
the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) comprises a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4), a magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) and magnetic leakage steel, wherein the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and an air gap, and the magnetic isolation barrier A (3-5) is positioned between the magnetic leakage steel and a rotating shaft; the rotor directional torque unit (4) comprises a magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4), a magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) and torque magnetic steel, wherein the magnetism isolating barrier B (4-4) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the rotating shaft, and the magnetism isolating barrier C (4-3) is positioned between the torque magnetic steel and the air gap;
the magnetic leakage steel is inverted U-shaped and consists of a permanent magnet A (3-1), a permanent magnet B (3-2) and a permanent magnet C (3-3), wherein the permanent magnet A (3-1) is inverted trapezoid, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) form an eight-shaped structure; the torque magnetic steel is splayed and consists of a permanent magnet D (4-1) and a permanent magnet E (4-2);
the permanent magnet A (3-1) is radially magnetized, and the permanent magnet B (3-2) and the permanent magnet C (3-3) are magnetized in the forward direction; the permanent magnet D (4-1) and the permanent magnet E (4-2) are magnetized in the forward direction.
2. A field controllable permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the stator is made of silicon steel sheet materials, the rotor permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron materials, and a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) in the rotor directional magnetic leakage unit (3) is made of silicon steel sheets or soft magnetic materials with low saturation magnetic induction intensity.
3. The method for flux guiding design of a field-controllable permanent magnet motor of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining running speed distribution of an electric automobile by combining a new European driving period working condition, and giving out the speed regulation range requirement of the motor for the automobile according to the speed distribution; aiming at a certain electric automobile model, giving out an output torque requirement of an automobile motor;
step two, determining the power of the motor by combining the speed regulation range of the motor and the torque output requirement, and giving out the basic size of the motor according to a power size equation;
step three, considering the variable effect of motor magnetic leakage, determining the fit of motor pole grooves;
step four, determining the size of a magnetic leakage bridge (3-4): the design concept of leakage guide is provided, a leakage bypass is arranged on a q-axis magnetic circuit of a motor to guide the leakage magnetic flux of the motor to pass, the motor flux is divided into two parts, the main flux and the leakage magnetic flux, and the size of the leakage magnetic flux of the motor is changed by adjusting the size of a leakage magnetic bridge (3-4); providing a magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda, wherein the value of the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is between 0 and 1, and the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is used for balancing the importance degree of the motor speed regulation range and the torque output capacity;
step five, after the magnetic flux leakage factor coefficient value lambda is given, an optimized objective function of the motor is given by combining the magnetic flux leakage factor coefficient, and a multi-station motor optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize motor parameters, so that an optimal motor parameter value is given;
and step six, verifying the electromagnetic performance of the given optimal motor parameter value, wherein the electromagnetic performance comprises whether the output power, the output torque and the speed regulation range meet preset requirements or not, and if not, repeating the steps until the electromagnetic performance of the motor meets the requirements.
4. A method of flux guiding design for a field-controllable permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, wherein: the paths for guiding the leakage magnetic flux of the motor are two: first, the leakage bypass width is designed such that adjacent permanent magnet flux forms a closed loop in the rotor leakage bypass rather than across the air gap; or second, changing the property of the magnetic leakage bypass material, adopting low-reluctance and easy-saturation material to reduce the magnetic leakage bypass reluctance, so that the permanent magnetic flux firstly forms a closed loop in the rotor magnetic leakage bypass.
5. A method of flux guiding design for a field-controllable permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, wherein: the size of the magnetic leakage bridge (3-4) has the effect of changing the size of the magnetic leakage flux of the motor, and the width of the magnetic bridge is 0.1-0.5 times of the radius of the rotor.
6. A method of flux guiding design for a field-controllable permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, wherein: the magnetic leakage factor coefficient lambda is used for reducing the magnetic leakage factor coefficient value of a motor for a vehicle with high torque output capability requirement; for the requirement of wide speed regulation range, the magnetic leakage factor coefficient value is improved.
7. The leakage flux control method for a magnetic field controllable permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnitude of the armature current flowing into the stator winding (2) is changed, so that the leakage magnetic flux in the leakage magnetic bridge (3-4) is passively regulated, and the relation is as follows:
ψ δ ＝k/i q
wherein psi is δ Is the magnetic flux of permanent magnet leakage, i q The armature cross axis current value, k is the magnetic leakage constant, k value is between 0.01 and 0.1, and the magnetic leakage flux psi of the motor δ Motor permanent magnet flux psi of 0.1-0.5 times pm 。
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| GB2217172.2A GB2609865A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2022-01-07 | High-performance permanent magnet motor with controllable magnetic field in variable operating conditions, and flux orientation design method and leakage flux |
| PCT/CN2022/070705 WO2023123536A1 (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2022-01-07 | High-performance variable-operating-condition controllable-magnetic-field permanent magnet motor, magnetic flux guide design method therefor, and magnetic flux leakage regulation and control method therefor |
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| CN103915926B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-02-01 | 西北工业大学 | Rotor structure for permanent magnet synchronous motor with triangular-step-shaped permanent magnets |
| WO2016115722A1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | 浙江迈雷科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN104578499A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-04-29 | 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | Permanent magnet motor rotor |
| CN109639001A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-16 | 苏州英磁新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of rotor for synchronous magnetic resistance motor |
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| CN105281521A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏王牌电机制造有限公司 | Wide-speed-range direct-axis field enhanced type permanent magnet brushless motor for vehicle and division magnetic field regulating control thereof |
| CN110474507A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-19 | 江苏大学 | A kind of multi-state leakage field controllable type wide range speed control high efficiency permanent magnetic brushless |
| CN110994834A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏大学 | Alternating-direct axis inductance variable permanent magnet brushless motor and wide-area efficient optimization design method thereof |
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