CN114186393A - Variable frequency air conditioner cluster response capability assessment method and system - Google Patents

Variable frequency air conditioner cluster response capability assessment method and system Download PDF

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CN114186393A
CN114186393A CN202111342744.8A CN202111342744A CN114186393A CN 114186393 A CN114186393 A CN 114186393A CN 202111342744 A CN202111342744 A CN 202111342744A CN 114186393 A CN114186393 A CN 114186393A
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王朝亮
李磊
刘炜
陈吉奂
肖涛
高赐威
陈涛
陈宋宋
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State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Marketing Service Center of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种变频空调集群响应能力评估方法及系统。本发明的评估方法包括：步骤S1：确定参与需求响应的变频空调负荷规模，选取部分变频空调作为负荷样本，然后估算空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数；步骤S2：计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率；步骤S3：在考虑用户舒适度的基础上，将分时电价中平时段的电价作为基础电价，得到各时段用户的响应意愿，并基于该响应意愿得到各时段用户室内温度的可调范围；步骤S4：根据变频空调集群聚合功率和用户室内温度可调范围，计算各时段变频空调集群的响应能力。本发明基于变频空调集群聚合功率和用户响应意愿对变频空调集群响应能力进行评估，为居民空调参与电网的负荷调控提供依据。The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating the response capability of a frequency conversion air conditioner cluster. The evaluation method of the present invention includes: step S1: determining the load scale of the inverter air conditioners participating in the demand response, selecting some inverter air conditioners as load samples, and then estimating the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioned room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner; step S2: calculating the inverter air conditioners in the load sample The aggregated power of the cluster; Step S3: On the basis of considering the user's comfort, the electricity price in the time-of-use electricity price in the normal period is used as the basic electricity price, and the response willingness of the users in each period is obtained, and based on the response willingness, the indoor temperature of the users in each period is obtained. Adjustable range; Step S4: Calculate the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster in each time period according to the aggregate power of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature. The invention evaluates the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster based on the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the user's response willingness, and provides a basis for the residential air conditioner to participate in the load regulation of the power grid.

Description

一种变频空调集群响应能力评估方法及系统A method and system for evaluating the response capability of inverter air conditioner clusters

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电力系统需求响应能力评估领域，涉及一种考虑用户意愿的变频空调集群响应能力评估方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of power system demand response capability evaluation, and relates to a variable frequency air conditioner cluster response capability evaluation method and system considering user wishes.

背景技术Background technique

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，空调负荷在电力负荷中的占比越来越大。以中国沿海经济发达的地区为例，空调负荷的占比超过甚至了50％。空调负荷的可控性强、调度潜力大，是电力系统中重要的需求响应资源，通常由聚合商对分散的空调负荷进行聚合和响应能力评估后，参与电网的调度。With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the air-conditioning load accounts for an increasing proportion of the power load. Taking the economically developed coastal areas of China as an example, the air-conditioning load accounts for more than 50%. The air-conditioning load has strong controllability and great scheduling potential, and is an important demand response resource in the power system. Usually, the aggregator will participate in the scheduling of the power grid after aggregating and evaluating the response capability of the scattered air-conditioning load.

根据空调的种类不同，可以将空调分为定频空调和变频空调。在对定频空调聚合和响应能力评估时，首先建立以占空比为控制变量的单台空调数学模型；然后，基于参数辨识、蒙特卡罗模拟、福克普朗克定理以及马尔可夫链等方法建立空调集群聚合功率模型；最后，在考虑用户热舒适度等因素后，建立定频空调响应潜力评估模型，从而获得其响应能力。然而，随着科技的发展和节能环保的要求，变频空调已成为当前空调的主流，针对变频空调的功率聚合和响应能力评估方法还属于空白。According to the different types of air conditioners, air conditioners can be divided into fixed frequency air conditioners and inverter air conditioners. When evaluating the aggregation and response capability of fixed-frequency air conditioners, a mathematical model of a single air conditioner with duty cycle as the control variable is firstly established; then, based on parameter identification, Monte Carlo simulation, Falk-Planck's theorem and Markov chain Finally, after considering factors such as user thermal comfort, a fixed-frequency air conditioner response potential evaluation model is established to obtain its response capability. However, with the development of science and technology and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, inverter air conditioners have become the mainstream of current air conditioners, and the power aggregation and response capability evaluation methods for inverter air conditioners are still blank.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为解决变频空调的聚合和响应能力评估问题，本发明提供一种考虑用户意愿的变频空调集群响应能力评估方法及系统，为居民空调参与电网的负荷调控提供依据。In order to solve the problem of aggregation and response capability evaluation of variable frequency air conditioners, the present invention provides a method and system for evaluating the response capability of variable frequency air conditioner clusters considering user's wishes, providing a basis for residential air conditioners to participate in load regulation of power grids.

本发明采用的一种技术方案为：一种变频空调集群响应能力评估方法，其包括以下步骤：A technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for evaluating the response capability of an inverter air conditioner cluster, which includes the following steps:

步骤S1：确定参与需求响应的变频空调负荷规模，选取部分变频空调作为负荷样本，然后估算空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数；Step S1: Determine the load scale of the inverter air conditioners participating in the demand response, select some inverter air conditioners as load samples, and then estimate the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioned room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner;

步骤S2：根据步骤S1中估算的空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数，计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率；Step S2: Calculate the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in the load sample according to the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioning room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner estimated in step S1;

步骤S3：在考虑用户舒适度的基础上，将分时电价中平时段的电价作为基础电价，得到各时段用户的响应意愿，并基于该响应意愿得到各时段用户室内温度的可调范围；Step S3: On the basis of considering the user's comfort, the electricity price in the normal time period of the time-of-use electricity price is used as the basic electricity price, and the response willingness of the user in each time period is obtained, and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature in each time period is obtained based on the response willingness;

步骤S4：根据步骤S2中的变频空调集群的聚合功率和步骤S3中的用户室内温度可调范围，计算各时段变频空调集群的响应能力。Step S4: Calculate the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster in each time period according to the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in step S2 and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature in step S3.

进一步的，所述步骤S2中，采用以下方法计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率：Further, in the step S2, the following method is used to calculate the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in the load sample:

将N台变频空调进行聚合，则其聚合功率Pt agg表示为：Aggregating N inverter air conditioners, the aggregated power P t agg is expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000021
Figure BDA0003352746500000021

其中，Ri为房间i的等效热容，

Figure BDA0003352746500000022
为空调i设定的温度，
Figure BDA0003352746500000023
为室外环境温度；a、b、m、n分别为常数系数，a和m均大于0。where R i is the equivalent heat capacity of room i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000022
the temperature set for air conditioner i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000023
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a, b, m, and n are constant coefficients, respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0.

更进一步的，对变频空调采用温度控制法控制空调参与需求响应，变频空调稳定运行时室内温度维持不变，得到空调稳定运行时的功率Pt IAC为：Furthermore, the temperature control method is used for the inverter air conditioner to control the air conditioner to participate in the demand response. When the inverter air conditioner operates stably, the indoor temperature remains unchanged, and the power P t IAC when the air conditioner operates stably is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000024
Figure BDA0003352746500000024

其中，τset为空调设定的温度，R为空调房间的等效热容；Among them, τ set is the temperature set by the air conditioner, and R is the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioned room;

设第i个空调的温度可调大小为δi，则其温度的上、下限表示为：Assuming that the temperature adjustable size of the ith air conditioner is δ i , the upper and lower limits of its temperature are expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000025
Figure BDA0003352746500000025

空调集群聚合功率的上、下限分别表示为：The upper and lower limits of the aggregated power of the air-conditioning cluster are expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000026
Figure BDA0003352746500000026

Figure BDA0003352746500000027
Figure BDA0003352746500000027

因此，空调集群的聚合功率Pt agg表示为区间[Pt agg,d,Pt agg,u]中的任意值：Therefore, the aggregated power P t agg of the air conditioning cluster is expressed as an arbitrary value in the interval [P t agg,d ,P t agg,u ]:

Pt agg＝αPt agg,d+(1-α)Pt agg,u，α∈[0,1]。P t agg =αP t agg,d +(1−α)P t agg,u , α∈[0,1].

进一步的，所述步骤S3中，用户参与需求响应的意愿与当前电价以及用户的预期有关，假设用户的预期电价为基础电价pbase，如果当前电价

Figure BDA0003352746500000031
高于基础电价pbase，则表示当前用电成本高于用户预期，此时，用户期望通过参与需求响应来降低用电成本，即愿意参与需求响应；反之，用户更在意热舒适性；定义用户意愿度因子μt来反映参与需求响应的意愿，则表示为：Further, in the step S3, the user's willingness to participate in demand response is related to the current electricity price and the user's expectation. It is assumed that the user's expected electricity price is the base electricity price p base , if the current electricity price
Figure BDA0003352746500000031
If it is higher than the base electricity price p base , it means that the current electricity cost is higher than the user's expectation. At this time, the user expects to reduce the electricity cost by participating in the demand response, that is, they are willing to participate in the demand response; otherwise, the user is more concerned about thermal comfort; The willingness factor μ t to reflect the willingness to participate in demand response is expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000032
Figure BDA0003352746500000032

式中，pmax为最高的电价；In the formula, p max is the highest electricity price;

室内温度可调范围是在用户初始的可调温度范围上根据用户意愿动态变化的，因此，由用户意愿引起的温度可调范围的变化量

Figure BDA0003352746500000033
为：The adjustable range of indoor temperature is dynamically changed according to the user's will in the user's initial adjustable temperature range. Therefore, the change of the temperature adjustable range caused by the user's will
Figure BDA0003352746500000033
for:

Figure BDA0003352746500000034
Figure BDA0003352746500000034

Figure BDA0003352746500000035
Figure BDA0003352746500000035

Figure BDA0003352746500000036
Figure BDA0003352746500000036

式中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000037
和
Figure BDA0003352746500000038
分别为用户i舒适温度的下限值和上限值，
Figure BDA0003352746500000039
和
Figure BDA00033527465000000310
分别为用户i在t时刻考虑用户意愿后的温度可调上界和下界。In the formula,
Figure BDA0003352746500000037
and
Figure BDA0003352746500000038
are the lower limit and upper limit of the comfortable temperature of user i, respectively,
Figure BDA0003352746500000039
and
Figure BDA00033527465000000310
are the adjustable upper and lower bounds of the temperature of user i at time t after considering the user's wishes, respectively.

进一步的，所述步骤S4中，采用以下方法计算变频空调集群响应能力：Further, in the step S4, the following method is used to calculate the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster:

假设t时刻所有用户的室内温度均为空调的初始设定值，则空调集群的聚合功率为：Assuming that the indoor temperature of all users at time t is the initial set value of the air conditioner, the aggregated power of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA00033527465000000311
Figure BDA00033527465000000311

式中，E(X)表示随机变量X的期望；In the formula, E(X) represents the expectation of the random variable X;

根据用户室内温度的可调范围，确定出空调集群聚合功率的可调节区间为：According to the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature, the adjustable range of the aggregated power of the air-conditioning cluster is determined as:

Figure BDA00033527465000000312
Figure BDA00033527465000000312

Figure BDA00033527465000000313
Figure BDA00033527465000000313

其中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000041
和
Figure BDA0003352746500000042
分别为用户室内温度的可调范围的最大值和最小值，Pt agg,min和Pt agg,max分别为空调集群聚合功率Pt agg可调节范围的下限与上限；R为房间的等效热容，
Figure BDA0003352746500000043
为空调i设定的温度，
Figure BDA0003352746500000044
为室外环境温度；a、b、m、n分别为常数系数，a和m均大于0；in,
Figure BDA0003352746500000041
and
Figure BDA0003352746500000042
P t agg,min and P t agg,max are the lower limit and upper limit of the adjustable range of the air conditioning cluster aggregate power P t agg , respectively; R is the equivalent of the room heat capacity,
Figure BDA0003352746500000043
the temperature set for air conditioner i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000044
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a, b, m, and n are constant coefficients, respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0;

于是，空调集群的变频空调集群响应能力为：Therefore, the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000045
Figure BDA0003352746500000045

式中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000046
为空调集群的变频空调集群响应能力。In the formula,
Figure BDA0003352746500000046
Inverter air conditioner cluster responsiveness for air conditioner clusters.

本发明采用的另一种技术方案为：一种变频空调集群响应能力评估系统，其包括：Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a frequency conversion air conditioner cluster response capability evaluation system, which includes:

参数估算单元：确定参与需求响应的变频空调负荷规模，选取部分变频空调作为负荷样本，然后估算空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数；Parameter estimation unit: Determine the load scale of inverter air conditioners participating in demand response, select some inverter air conditioners as load samples, and then estimate the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioned room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner;

聚合功率计算单元：根据参数估算单元中估算的空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数，计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率；Aggregated power calculation unit: Calculate the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in the load sample according to the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioning room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner estimated in the parameter estimation unit;

用户室内温度可调范围获取单元：在考虑用户舒适度的基础上，将分时电价中平时段的电价作为基础电价，得到各时段用户的响应意愿，并基于该响应意愿得到各时段用户室内温度的可调范围；User’s indoor temperature adjustable range acquisition unit: On the basis of considering the user’s comfort, the electricity price in the normal time period of the time-of-use electricity price is taken as the basic electricity price, and the response willingness of users in each time period is obtained, and the indoor temperature of users in each time period is obtained based on the response willingness. adjustable range;

响应能力计算单元：根据变频空调集群的聚合功率和用户室内温度可调范围，计算各时段变频空调集群的响应能力。Response capability calculation unit: According to the aggregate power of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature, the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster at each time period is calculated.

本发明为一种考虑用户意愿的变频空调集群响应能力评估方法及系统，具有的有益效果为：The present invention is a method and system for evaluating the response capability of a frequency conversion air conditioner cluster considering the user's wishes, and has the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明通过对变频空调控制策略的研究，建立了变频空调的数学模型，并根据单台变频空调负荷参数和空调房间热力学参数推导了变频空调集群的聚合功率模型，填补了变频空调集群的聚合模型的空白。1. The present invention establishes the mathematical model of the inverter air conditioner through the research on the control strategy of the inverter air conditioner, and deduces the aggregated power model of the inverter air conditioner cluster according to the load parameters of a single inverter air conditioner and the thermodynamic parameters of the air conditioner room, which fills the gap of the inverter air conditioner cluster. Blanks for aggregated models.

2、本发明基于变频空调集群聚合功率和用户意愿对变频空调集群响应能力进行评估，为居民空调参与电网的负荷调控提供了依据。2. The present invention evaluates the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster based on the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the user's will, which provides a basis for the residential air conditioner to participate in the load regulation of the power grid.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明应用例中夏季典型日空调集群的聚合结果图；Fig. 1 is the aggregation result diagram of summer typical day air conditioning cluster in the application example of the present invention;

图2为本发明应用例中用户响应意愿与可调温度范围图；FIG. 2 is a diagram of user response willingness and adjustable temperature range in an application example of the present invention;

图3为本发明应用例中空调集群响应能力图。FIG. 3 is a response capability diagram of an air conditioner cluster in an application example of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合说明书附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

实施例1Example 1

一种考虑用户意愿的变频空调集群响应能力评估方法，所述评估方法包括如下步骤：A method for evaluating the response capability of an inverter air conditioner cluster considering user wishes, the evaluation method comprising the following steps:

步骤S1：确定参与需求响应的变频空调负荷规模，选取部分变频空调作为负荷样本，估算出空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数。Step S1: Determine the load scale of the inverter air conditioners participating in the demand response, select some inverter air conditioners as load samples, and estimate the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioned room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner.

步骤S2：计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率。Step S2: Calculate the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner clusters in the load sample.

对变频空调采用温度控制法控制空调参与需求响应，变频空调稳定运行时室内温度维持不变，可以得到空调稳定运行时的功率Pt IAC为：The temperature control method is used for the inverter air conditioner to control the air conditioner to participate in the demand response. When the inverter air conditioner is running stably, the indoor temperature remains unchanged. The power P t IAC when the air conditioner is running steadily can be obtained as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000051
Figure BDA0003352746500000051

其中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000052
为空调i设定的温度，
Figure BDA0003352746500000053
为室外环境温度；a、b、m、n分别为常数系数，a和c为正数；in,
Figure BDA0003352746500000052
the temperature set for air conditioner i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000053
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a, b, m, n are constant coefficients, respectively, a and c are positive numbers;

将N台变频空调进行聚合，则其聚合功率Pt agg可以表示为：Aggregating N inverter air conditioners, the aggregated power P t agg can be expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000054
Figure BDA0003352746500000054

其中，R为房间的等效热容。where R is the equivalent heat capacity of the room.

设第i个空调负荷的温度可调大小为δi，则其温度的上、下限可以表示为：Assuming that the temperature adjustable size of the ith air-conditioning load is δ i , the upper and lower limits of its temperature can be expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000055
Figure BDA0003352746500000055

空调集群聚合功率的上、下限可以分别表示为：The upper and lower limits of the aggregated power of the air-conditioning cluster can be expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000056
Figure BDA0003352746500000056

Figure BDA0003352746500000057
Figure BDA0003352746500000057

因此，空调集群的聚合功率Pt agg可以表示为区间[Pt agg,d,Pt agg,u]中的任意值：Therefore, the aggregated power P t agg of the air conditioning cluster can be expressed as an arbitrary value in the interval [P t agg,d ,P t agg,u ]:

Pt agg＝αPt agg,d+(1-α)Pt agg,u,α∈[0,1] (6)P t agg =αP t agg,d +(1-α)P t agg,u ,α∈[0,1] (6)

步骤S3：将分时电价中平时段的电价作为基础电价，得到各时段用户的响应意愿，基于该响应意愿进一步得到各时段用户室内温度的可调范围。Step S3: Taking the electricity price of the time-of-use electricity price in the normal time period as the basic electricity price, obtaining the response willingness of the users in each time period, and further obtaining the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the users in each time period based on the response willingness.

用户参与需求响应的意愿与当前电价以及用户的预期有关。假设用户的预期电价为基础电价pbase，如果当前电价

Figure BDA0003352746500000061
高于基础电价pbase，则表示当前用电成本高于用户心理预期，此时，用户期望通过参与需求响应来降低用电成本，即愿意参与需求响应。反之，用户更在意热舒适性。定义用户意愿度因子μt来反映参与需求响应的意愿，则可以表示为：The willingness of users to participate in demand response is related to the current electricity price and the expectations of users. Assuming that the user's expected electricity price is the base electricity price p base , if the current electricity price
Figure BDA0003352746500000061
If it is higher than the base electricity price p base , it means that the current electricity cost is higher than the user's psychological expectation. At this time, the user expects to reduce the electricity cost by participating in the demand response, that is, they are willing to participate in the demand response. On the contrary, users are more concerned about thermal comfort. Defining the user willingness factor μ t to reflect the willingness to participate in demand response, it can be expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000062
Figure BDA0003352746500000062

式中，pmax为最高的电价。In the formula, pmax is the highest electricity price.

室内温度可调范围是在用户初始的可调温度范围上根据用户意愿动态变化的。因此，由用户意愿引起的温度可调范围的变化量为：The adjustable range of indoor temperature is dynamically changed according to the user's wishes on the user's initial adjustable temperature range. Therefore, the amount of change in the temperature adjustable range caused by the user's will is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000063
Figure BDA0003352746500000063

Figure BDA0003352746500000064
Figure BDA0003352746500000064

Figure BDA0003352746500000065
Figure BDA0003352746500000065

式中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000066
和
Figure BDA0003352746500000067
分别为用户i舒适温度的下限值和上限值，
Figure BDA0003352746500000068
和
Figure BDA0003352746500000069
分别为用户i在t时刻考虑用户意愿后的温度可调上界和下界。In the formula,
Figure BDA0003352746500000066
and
Figure BDA0003352746500000067
are the lower limit and upper limit of the comfortable temperature of user i, respectively,
Figure BDA0003352746500000068
and
Figure BDA0003352746500000069
are the adjustable upper and lower bounds of the temperature of user i at time t after considering the user's wishes, respectively.

步骤S4：计算各时段变频空调集群的响应能力。Step S4: Calculate the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster in each time period.

假设t时刻所有用户的室内温度均为空调的初始设定值，式(6)中的α的取值为0.5，则空调集群的聚合功率为：Assuming that the indoor temperature of all users at time t is the initial set value of the air conditioner, and the value of α in equation (6) is 0.5, the aggregated power of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA00033527465000000610
Figure BDA00033527465000000610

空调集群聚合功率的可调节区间为：The adjustable range of the aggregated power of the air conditioner cluster is:

Pt agg,min≤Pt agg≤Pt agg,max (12)P t agg,min ≤P t agg ≤P t agg,max (12)

Figure BDA00033527465000000611
Figure BDA00033527465000000611

Figure BDA00033527465000000612
Figure BDA00033527465000000612

式中，E(X)表示随机变量X的期望，Pt agg,min和Pt agg,max分别为空调集群聚合功率可调节范围的下限与上限。In the formula, E(X) represents the expectation of the random variable X, and P t agg,min and P t agg,max are the lower and upper limits of the adjustable range of the aggregate power of the air-conditioning cluster, respectively.

于是，空调集群的变频空调集群响应能力为：Therefore, the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000071
Figure BDA0003352746500000071

实施例2Example 2

一种变频空调集群响应能力评估系统，其包括：An inverter air conditioner cluster response capability evaluation system, comprising:

参数估算单元：确定参与需求响应的变频空调负荷规模，选取部分变频空调作为负荷样本，然后估算空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数；Parameter estimation unit: Determine the load scale of inverter air conditioners participating in demand response, select some inverter air conditioners as load samples, and then estimate the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioned room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner;

聚合功率计算单元：根据参数估算单元中估算的空调房间热力学参数和空调的特性参数，计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率；Aggregated power calculation unit: Calculate the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in the load sample according to the thermodynamic parameters of the air-conditioning room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner estimated in the parameter estimation unit;

用户室内温度可调范围获取单元：在考虑用户舒适度的基础上，将分时电价中平时段的电价作为基础电价，得到各时段用户的响应意愿，并基于该响应意愿得到各时段用户室内温度的可调范围；User’s indoor temperature adjustable range acquisition unit: On the basis of considering the user’s comfort, the electricity price in the normal time period of the time-of-use electricity price is taken as the basic electricity price, and the response willingness of users in each time period is obtained, and the indoor temperature of users in each time period is obtained based on the response willingness. adjustable range;

响应能力计算单元：根据变频空调集群的聚合功率和用户室内温度可调范围，计算各时段变频空调集群的响应能力。Response capability calculation unit: According to the aggregate power of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature, the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster at each time period is calculated.

具体的，所述聚合功率计算单元中，采用以下方法计算负荷样本中的变频空调集群的聚合功率：Specifically, in the aggregated power calculation unit, the aggregated power of the inverter air conditioner cluster in the load sample is calculated by the following method:

对变频空调采用温度控制法控制空调参与需求响应，变频空调稳定运行时室内温度维持不变，得到空调稳定运行时的功率Pt IAC为：The temperature control method is used for the inverter air conditioner to control the air conditioner to participate in the demand response. When the inverter air conditioner operates stably, the indoor temperature remains unchanged, and the power P t IAC when the air conditioner operates stably is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000072
Figure BDA0003352746500000072

其中，τset为空调设定的温度，R为空调房间的等效热容；

Figure BDA0003352746500000073
为室外环境温度；a、b、m、n分别为常数系数，a和m均大于0。Among them, τ set is the temperature set by the air conditioner, and R is the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioned room;
Figure BDA0003352746500000073
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a, b, m, and n are constant coefficients, respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0.

将N台变频空调进行聚合，则其聚合功率Pt agg表示为：Aggregating N inverter air conditioners, the aggregated power P t agg is expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000074
Figure BDA0003352746500000074

其中，Ri为房间i的等效热容，

Figure BDA0003352746500000075
为空调i设定的温度。where R i is the equivalent heat capacity of room i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000075
The temperature set for air conditioner i.

设第i个空调的温度可调大小为δi，则其温度的上、下限表示为：Assuming that the temperature adjustable size of the ith air conditioner is δ i , the upper and lower limits of its temperature are expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000081
Figure BDA0003352746500000081

空调集群聚合功率的上、下限分别表示为：The upper and lower limits of the aggregated power of the air-conditioning cluster are expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000082
Figure BDA0003352746500000082

Figure BDA0003352746500000083
Figure BDA0003352746500000083

因此，空调集群的聚合功率Pt agg表示为区间[Pt agg,d,Pt agg,u]中的任意值：Therefore, the aggregated power P t agg of the air conditioning cluster is expressed as an arbitrary value in the interval [P t agg,d ,P t agg,u ]:

Pt agg＝αPt agg,d+(1-α)Pt agg,u，α∈[0,1]。P t agg =αP t agg,d +(1−α)P t agg,u , α∈[0,1].

具体的，所述用户室内温度可调范围获取单元中，用户参与需求响应的意愿与当前电价以及用户的预期有关，假设用户的预期电价为基础电价pbase，如果当前电价

Figure BDA0003352746500000084
高于基础电价pbase，则表示当前用电成本高于用户预期，此时，用户期望通过参与需求响应来降低用电成本，即愿意参与需求响应；反之，用户更在意热舒适性；定义用户意愿度因子μt来反映参与需求响应的意愿，则表示为：Specifically, in the user's indoor temperature adjustable range acquisition unit, the user's willingness to participate in demand response is related to the current electricity price and the user's expectation, assuming that the user's expected electricity price is the base electricity price p base , if the current electricity price
Figure BDA0003352746500000084
If it is higher than the base electricity price p base , it means that the current electricity cost is higher than the user's expectation. At this time, the user expects to reduce the electricity cost by participating in the demand response, that is, they are willing to participate in the demand response; otherwise, the user is more concerned about thermal comfort; The willingness factor μ t to reflect the willingness to participate in demand response is expressed as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000085
Figure BDA0003352746500000085

式中，pmax为最高的电价；In the formula, p max is the highest electricity price;

室内温度可调范围是在用户初始的可调温度范围上根据用户意愿动态变化的，因此，由用户意愿引起的温度可调范围的变化量

Figure BDA0003352746500000086
为：The adjustable range of indoor temperature is dynamically changed according to the user's will in the user's initial adjustable temperature range. Therefore, the change of the temperature adjustable range caused by the user's will
Figure BDA0003352746500000086
for:

Figure BDA0003352746500000087
Figure BDA0003352746500000087

Figure BDA0003352746500000088
Figure BDA0003352746500000088

Figure BDA0003352746500000089
Figure BDA0003352746500000089

式中，

Figure BDA00033527465000000810
和
Figure BDA00033527465000000811
分别为用户i舒适温度的下限值和上限值，
Figure BDA00033527465000000812
和
Figure BDA00033527465000000813
分别为用户i在t时刻考虑用户意愿后的温度可调上界和下界。In the formula,
Figure BDA00033527465000000810
and
Figure BDA00033527465000000811
are the lower limit and upper limit of the comfortable temperature of user i, respectively,
Figure BDA00033527465000000812
and
Figure BDA00033527465000000813
are the adjustable upper and lower bounds of the temperature of user i at time t after considering the user's wishes, respectively.

具体的，所述响应能力计算单元中，采用以下方法计算变频空调集群响应能力：Specifically, in the response capability calculation unit, the following method is used to calculate the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster:

假设t时刻所有用户的室内温度均为空调的初始设定值，则空调集群的聚合功率为：Assuming that the indoor temperature of all users at time t is the initial set value of the air conditioner, the aggregated power of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000091
Figure BDA0003352746500000091

式中，E(X)表示随机变量X的期望；In the formula, E(X) represents the expectation of the random variable X;

根据用户室内温度的可调范围，确定出空调集群聚合功率的可调节区间为：According to the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature, the adjustable range of the aggregated power of the air-conditioning cluster is determined as:

Figure BDA0003352746500000092
Figure BDA0003352746500000092

Figure BDA0003352746500000093
Figure BDA0003352746500000093

其中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000094
和
Figure BDA0003352746500000095
分别为用户室内温度的可调范围的最大值和最小值，Pt agg,min和Pt agg,max分别为空调集群聚合功率可调节范围的下限与上限；R为房间的等效热容，
Figure BDA0003352746500000096
为空调i设定的温度，
Figure BDA0003352746500000097
为室外环境温度；a、b、m、n分别为常数系数，a和m均大于0；in,
Figure BDA0003352746500000094
and
Figure BDA0003352746500000095
P t agg,min and P t agg,max are the lower limit and upper limit of the adjustable range of the aggregated power of the air conditioner cluster, respectively; R is the equivalent heat capacity of the room,
Figure BDA0003352746500000096
the temperature set for air conditioner i,
Figure BDA0003352746500000097
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a, b, m, and n are constant coefficients, respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0;

于是，空调集群的变频空调集群响应能力为：Therefore, the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster of the air conditioner cluster is:

Figure BDA0003352746500000098
Figure BDA0003352746500000098

式中，

Figure BDA0003352746500000099
为空调集群的变频空调集群响应能力。In the formula,
Figure BDA0003352746500000099
Inverter air conditioner cluster responsiveness for air conditioner clusters.

应用例Application example

采用本发明的评估方法或评估系统对含有5000台变频空调的空调集群为应用对象进行说明。Using the evaluation method or evaluation system of the present invention, an air conditioner cluster containing 5,000 inverter air conditioners is used as an application object to illustrate.

根据步骤S1或参数估算单元，在5000空调集群中随机抽取1000台变频空调作为负荷样本，根据该负荷样本估计出空调房间的热力学参数和变频空调特性参数的分布，如表1所示：According to step S1 or the parameter estimation unit, 1000 inverter air conditioners are randomly selected from the 5000 air conditioner cluster as a load sample, and the distribution of thermodynamic parameters and inverter air conditioner characteristic parameters of the air-conditioned room is estimated according to the load sample, as shown in Table 1:

表1空调和房间的参数分布Table 1 Parameter distribution of air conditioners and rooms

参数parameter 分布distributed 参数parameter 分布distributed R(kJ/℃)R(kJ/℃) U(4,4.5)U(4,4.5) a(℃)a(℃) U(0.016,0.021)U(0.016,0.021) C(℃/kW)C(℃/kW) U(2.5,3)U(2.5,3) b(℃)b(℃) U(0.060,0.080)U(0.060,0.080) τ<sup>set</sup>(℃)τ<sup>set</sup>(℃) N(26,0.25)N(26,0.25) m(℃)m(°C) U(0.040,0.045)U(0.040,0.045) δ(℃)δ(℃) N(2.5,0.04)N(2.5,0.04) n(℃)n(℃) U(0.180,0.200)U(0.180,0.200)

根据步骤S2或聚合功率计算单元，以夏季的典型日为例，得到一天内空调集群的聚合结果如图1所示。图1为双Y轴图，左边的Y轴表示室外温度，右边的Y轴表示聚合功率。由图可见，随着室外温度的升高，空调集群的聚合功率也增大。聚合功率上限和下限分别为聚合功率估计值的120％和80％左右。According to step S2 or the aggregated power calculation unit, taking a typical day in summer as an example, the aggregated result of the air-conditioning cluster in one day is obtained as shown in FIG. 1 . Figure 1 is a dual Y-axis graph, the left Y-axis represents the outdoor temperature, and the right Y-axis represents the aggregated power. It can be seen from the figure that as the outdoor temperature increases, the aggregated power of the air conditioning cluster also increases. The upper and lower bounds of the aggregated power are about 120% and 80% of the estimated value of the aggregated power, respectively.

根据步骤S3或用户室内温度可调范围获取单元，得到各时段用户响应意愿和用户室内温度的可调范围如图2所示。图2中，在0:00～7:00时段，电价为低谷电价，低于基础电价，用户参与需求响应的意愿度为-0.185，这说明该时段用户不愿意参与需求响应。在8:00～10:00、16:00～18:00以及22:00～24:00时段，用户意愿度为0，这表示用户参与需求响应的态度为中立态度，因为在该时段电价为基础电价。在11:00～15:00和19:00～21:00时段，电价为高峰电价，用于参与需求响应的意愿强烈，该时段用户意愿度为0.312。在用户不愿意参与需求响应的时段，用户可调温度范围为25.26℃～26.84℃，小于原始的可调温度范围。在用户积极参与需求响应的高峰时段，用户可调温度范围为24.02℃～28.08℃，超过了原始的可调温度范围。这表明该时段用户愿意牺牲一部分热舒适性来获得经济补偿。According to step S3 or the user's indoor temperature adjustable range acquisition unit, the user's willingness to respond and the adjustable range of the user's indoor temperature at each time period are obtained as shown in FIG. 2 . In Figure 2, in the period from 0:00 to 7:00, the electricity price is the low electricity price, which is lower than the basic electricity price, and the willingness of users to participate in demand response is -0.185, which indicates that users are unwilling to participate in demand response during this period. During the period of 8:00-10:00, 16:00-18:00 and 22:00-24:00, the user's willingness is 0, which means that the attitude of the user to participate in demand response is a neutral attitude, because the electricity price during this period is Basic electricity price. During the period of 11:00-15:00 and 19:00-21:00, the electricity price is the peak electricity price, and the willingness to participate in demand response is strong, and the user's willingness degree during this period is 0.312. During the period when users are unwilling to participate in demand response, the user-adjustable temperature range is 25.26°C to 26.84°C, which is smaller than the original adjustable temperature range. During the peak period when users actively participate in demand response, the user-adjustable temperature range is 24.02°C to 28.08°C, which exceeds the original adjustable temperature range. This indicates that users are willing to sacrifice a part of thermal comfort to obtain economic compensation during this period.

根据步骤S4或响应能力计算单元，计算出各时段空调集群的响应潜力如图3所示。在电价低谷时段，用户不愿意参与需求响应，因此该时段响应潜力小，仅为428.76kW。在用户对参与需求响应持中立态度的时段，聚合体响应潜力等于原始的响应潜力，为665.73kW。在用户积极参与需求响应的时段，用户室内温度的可调范围广，系统的响应潜力大，为1064.77kW。According to step S4 or the response capability calculation unit, the response potential of the air-conditioning cluster at each time period is calculated as shown in FIG. 3 . During the low electricity price period, users are reluctant to participate in demand response, so the response potential during this period is small, only 428.76kW. In the period when users are neutral about participating in demand response, the aggregate response potential is equal to the original response potential, which is 665.73kW. During the period when users actively participate in demand response, the user's indoor temperature can be adjusted in a wide range, and the response potential of the system is large, which is 1064.77kW.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明权利要求书保护范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the protection scope of the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A response capability evaluation method for a variable frequency air conditioner cluster is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: determining the load scale of the variable frequency air conditioner participating in demand response, selecting a part of variable frequency air conditioners as load samples, and then estimating thermodynamic parameters of air conditioner rooms and characteristic parameters of the air conditioners;
step S2: calculating the aggregation power of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster in the load sample according to the thermodynamic parameters of the air conditioner room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner estimated in the step S1;
step S3: on the basis of considering the comfort level of the user, taking the electricity price in the ordinary time period in the time-of-use electricity prices as the basic electricity price to obtain the response intention of the user in each time period, and obtaining the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user in each time period based on the response intention;
step S4: and calculating the response capability of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster in each time period according to the aggregated power of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster in the step S2 and the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user in the step S3.
2. The method for evaluating response capability of inverter air-conditioner cluster according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the aggregated power of inverter air-conditioner cluster in the load sample is calculated by the following method:
polymerizing N variable frequency air conditioners to obtain the polymerization power Pt aggExpressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000011
wherein R isiIs the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioned room i,
Figure FDA0003352746490000012
the temperature set for the air conditioner i,
Figure FDA0003352746490000013
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a. b, m and n are constant coefficients respectively, and a and m are both larger than 0.
3. The method for evaluating the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster according to claim 2, wherein the inverter air conditioner is controlled by adopting a temperature control method to participate in demand response, and the indoor temperature is maintained unchanged when the inverter air conditioner operates stably to obtain the power P when the air conditioner operates stablyt IACComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003352746490000014
wherein, tausetSetting the temperature for the air conditioner, wherein R is the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioning room;
the temperature of the ith air conditioner is set to be deltaiThe upper and lower limits of the temperature are expressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000015
the upper limit and the lower limit of the air conditioner cluster aggregation power are respectively expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003352746490000021
Figure FDA0003352746490000022
thus, the aggregate power P of the air conditioning clusterst aggIs represented by the interval [ Pt agg,d,Pt agg,u]Any value of (a):
Pt agg＝αPt agg,d+(1-α)Pt agg,u，α∈[0,1]。
4. the method for evaluating response capability of inverter air conditioner cluster as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, willingness of user to participate in demand response is related to current electricity price and user 'S expectation, assuming user' S expectation as base electricity price pbaseIf the current price of electricity is
Figure FDA0003352746490000023
Higher than base price of electricity pbaseIf the current electricity utilization cost is higher than the expected cost of the user, the user expects to reduce the electricity utilization cost by participating in demand response, namely the user is willing to participate in demand response; on the contrary, the user is more attentive to thermal comfort; defining a user willingness factor mutTo reflect participation in demand responseWill, then be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000024
in the formula, pmaxThe highest electricity price;
the adjustable range of the indoor temperature is dynamically changed according to the user's intention in the initial adjustable temperature range of the user, so that the variation of the adjustable range of the temperature caused by the user's intention
Figure FDA0003352746490000025
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003352746490000026
Figure FDA0003352746490000027
Figure FDA0003352746490000028
in the formula,
Figure FDA0003352746490000029
and
Figure FDA00033527464900000210
respectively a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the comfortable temperature of the user i,
Figure FDA00033527464900000211
and
Figure FDA00033527464900000212
and respectively considering the temperature adjustable upper bound and the temperature adjustable lower bound of the user i at the moment t.
5. The method for evaluating response capability of an inverter air conditioner cluster according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the inverter air conditioner cluster response capability is calculated by adopting the following method:
assuming that the indoor temperatures of all users at the time t are the initial set values of the air conditioners, the aggregate power of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA00033527464900000213
wherein E (X) represents the expectation of a random variable X;
according to the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user, determining that the adjustable interval of the aggregation power of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA0003352746490000031
Figure FDA0003352746490000032
wherein,
Figure FDA0003352746490000033
and
Figure FDA0003352746490000034
respectively the maximum and minimum of the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user, Pt agg,minAnd Pt agg,maxRespectively aggregating power P for air conditioner clustert aggThe lower and upper limits of the adjustable range; r is the equivalent heat capacity of the room, taui setTemperature, τ, set for air conditioner it outIs the outdoor ambient temperature; a. b, m and n are constant coefficients respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0;
therefore, the response capability of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA0003352746490000035
in the formula,
Figure FDA0003352746490000036
the response capability of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster is provided.
6. The utility model provides a frequency conversion air conditioner cluster response ability evaluation system which characterized in that includes:
a parameter estimation unit: determining the load scale of the variable frequency air conditioner participating in demand response, selecting a part of variable frequency air conditioners as load samples, and then estimating thermodynamic parameters of air conditioner rooms and characteristic parameters of the air conditioners;
an aggregate power calculation unit: calculating the aggregation power of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster in the load sample according to the thermodynamic parameters of the air conditioner room and the characteristic parameters of the air conditioner estimated in the parameter estimation unit;
user indoor temperature adjustable range acquisition unit: on the basis of considering the comfort level of the user, taking the electricity price in the ordinary time period in the time-of-use electricity prices as the basic electricity price to obtain the response intention of the user in each time period, and obtaining the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user in each time period based on the response intention;
a response capability calculation unit: and calculating the response capability of the variable-frequency air-conditioning cluster at each time interval according to the aggregation power of the variable-frequency air-conditioning cluster and the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user.
7. The system for evaluating response capability of inverter air-conditioner cluster according to claim 6, wherein in the aggregated power calculating unit, the aggregated power of inverter air-conditioner cluster in the load sample is calculated by the following method:
polymerizing N variable frequency air conditioners to obtain the polymerization power Pt aggExpressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000037
wherein R isiIs the equivalent heat capacity of the room i,
Figure FDA0003352746490000041
the temperature set for the air conditioner i,
Figure FDA0003352746490000042
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a. b, m and n are constant coefficients respectively, and a and m are both larger than 0.
8. The system for evaluating response capability of inverter air conditioner cluster according to claim 7, characterized in that the inverter air conditioner is controlled by a temperature control method to participate in demand response, and the indoor temperature is maintained unchanged during stable operation of the inverter air conditioner to obtain the power P during stable operation of the air conditionert IACComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003352746490000043
wherein, tausetSetting the temperature for the air conditioner, wherein R is the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioning room;
the temperature of the ith air conditioner is set to be deltaiThe upper and lower limits of the temperature are expressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000044
the upper limit and the lower limit of the air conditioner cluster aggregation power are respectively expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003352746490000045
Figure FDA0003352746490000046
thus, the aggregate power P of the air conditioning clusterst aggIs represented by the interval [ Pt agg,d,Pt agg,u]Any value of (a):
Pt agg＝αPt agg,d+(1-α)Pt agg,u，α∈[0,1]。
9. the system for evaluating response capability of inverter air conditioner cluster as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the user indoor temperature adjustable range obtaining unit, willingness of user to participate in demand response is related to current electricity price and user expectation, and the expected electricity price of user is assumed as base electricity price pbaseIf the current price of electricity is
Figure FDA0003352746490000047
Higher than base price of electricity pbaseIf the current electricity utilization cost is higher than the expected cost of the user, the user expects to reduce the electricity utilization cost by participating in demand response, namely the user is willing to participate in demand response; on the contrary, the user is more attentive to thermal comfort; defining a user willingness factor mutTo reflect the willingness to participate in demand response, it is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003352746490000048
in the formula, pmaxThe highest electricity price;
the adjustable range of the indoor temperature is dynamically changed according to the user's intention in the initial adjustable temperature range of the user, so that the variation of the adjustable range of the temperature caused by the user's intention
Figure FDA0003352746490000051
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003352746490000052
Figure FDA0003352746490000053
Figure FDA0003352746490000054
in the formula,
Figure FDA0003352746490000055
and
Figure FDA0003352746490000056
respectively a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the comfortable temperature of the user i,
Figure FDA0003352746490000057
and
Figure FDA0003352746490000058
and respectively considering the temperature adjustable upper bound and the temperature adjustable lower bound of the user i at the moment t.
10. The system for evaluating response capability of an inverter air conditioner cluster according to claim 6, wherein the response capability calculating unit calculates the response capability of the inverter air conditioner cluster by using the following method:
assuming that the indoor temperatures of all users at the time t are the initial set values of the air conditioners, the aggregate power of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA0003352746490000059
wherein E (X) represents the expectation of a random variable X;
according to the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user, determining that the adjustable interval of the aggregation power of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA00033527464900000510
Figure FDA00033527464900000511
wherein,
Figure FDA00033527464900000512
and
Figure FDA00033527464900000513
respectively the maximum and minimum of the adjustable range of the indoor temperature of the user, Pt agg,minAnd Pt agg,maxRespectively aggregating power P for air conditioner clustert aggThe lower and upper limits of the adjustable range; r is the equivalent heat capacity of the room,
Figure FDA00033527464900000514
the temperature set for the air conditioner i,
Figure FDA00033527464900000515
is the outdoor ambient temperature; a. b, m and n are constant coefficients respectively, and a and m are both greater than 0;
therefore, the response capability of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster of the air conditioner cluster is as follows:
Figure FDA00033527464900000516
in the formula,
Figure FDA00033527464900000517
the response capability of the variable frequency air conditioner cluster is provided.
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