CN114184734A - Combined measuring device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil - Google Patents
Combined measuring device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184734A CN114184734A CN202111180520.1A CN202111180520A CN114184734A CN 114184734 A CN114184734 A CN 114184734A CN 202111180520 A CN202111180520 A CN 202111180520A CN 114184734 A CN114184734 A CN 114184734A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined measuring device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil. The sample packaging system is used for packaging a soil sample to be tested. The refrigerating system is used for simulating the freezing action of the outside air temperature reduction on the soil sample. The temperature control system is used for realizing real-time regulation and control of the temperature in the test box. The radar ranging system is used for capturing elevation changes of the liquid level of the burette. The data acquisition system is used for collecting, storing and outputting frost heaving and salt heaving parameters of the measured soil sample. The device can automatically, continuously and accurately acquire the net expansion amount and the temperature parameters of the soil sample to be measured, realizes the distinguishing of frost heaving and salt heaving for the first time based on the change rule of the soil body temperature in the freezing process, and has the advantages of convenience in observation, clear principle, strong practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline soil salt swelling capacity and frost heaving capacity measurement, in particular to a combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the saline soil frost heaving capacity and the salt swelling capacity.
Background
The salinized soil is widely distributed in the inland of the west part of China and the yellow sea and the Bohai sea of the east part of China, and various engineering diseases such as salt swelling, slurry turning, corrosion and the like are easily generated under certain conditions due to the fact that the salinized soil contains a certain amount of easily soluble salt. Taking sulfate-soaked soil as an example, under the condition of temperature reduction or water loss, sodium sulfate can be separated out from a liquid phase of the sulfate-soaked soil to generate mirabilite crystals, the volume of the sodium sulfate crystals is increased to 3.1 times of that of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and further swelling and upwarping of a soil body are caused, so that the soil body has a loose structure, reduced strength and other salt swelling phenomena. When the temperature of the soil body is reduced to a certain degree, ice crystals can be separated out, so that the total volume of the liquid phase is increased by 9 percent, which is called frost heaving phenomenon. The solubility of sodium sulfate decreases with decreasing temperature, and the loss of liquid water due to frost heaving increases the electrolyte concentration of the pore solution of the soil-water system, further promoting the occurrence of salt heaving. The frost heaving and salt heaving of the saline soil are sensitive to temperature changes, and the normal construction, operation and maintenance of engineering structures are seriously affected by the uneven deformation of frost heaving, salt heaving, thawing sedimentation and the like caused by the frost heaving and salt heaving.
Firstly, the salt expansion and frost heaving hazards of the saline soil are solved by taking the mechanism of the salt expansion and frost heaving as a basis, distinguishing the salt expansion amount and the frost heaving amount of the saline soil under the action of temperature, and establishing a main treatment target according to the weight of the salt expansion amount and the frost heaving amount, so that efficient prevention and control measures are taken. At present, the observation means for the total swelling capacity of the salinized soil mainly comes from indoor tests of salinized soil salinization, however, the test method excessively depends on artificial observation of the change of the liquid level elevation of the burette, the measurement of the total swelling capacity is easily affected by reading errors, and continuous readings cannot be obtained, so that the method has more defects. Moreover, for the observed total swelling amount, a specific method for distinguishing the salt swelling from the frost swelling is lacked, and the disaster control of the salt swelling and the frost swelling cannot be further guided.
Therefore, how to further improve the functions of the salinized soil salt expansion and frost heaving related test instrument, improve the measurement precision of the total swelling capacity, and from the mechanism of salinized expansion and frost heaving, a specific method for separating the salinized expansion capacity and the frost heaving capacity is obtained, and finally, a technical support is provided for disaster management of the salinized soil, so that the method becomes one of the main directions for developing a novel salinized soil test instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a combined measuring device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil. The sample packaging system comprises a wide-mouth bottle, a calcium chloride solution, a foam bottle plug, a burette and the like, is used for packaging a soil sample to be tested, and provides a generating device and a visual condition for frost heaving and salt heaving of the soil sample. The refrigerating system comprises a compressor, a condenser pipe, a drying filter, a capillary tube, an evaporator, a liquid storage device and the like, is used for heat exchange and refrigeration, and simulates the freezing action of the external temperature reduction on the soil sample. The temperature control system is composed of a temperature controller, an intelligent display screen, an illuminating device and the like and is used for operating the refrigerating system so as to realize real-time regulation and control of the temperature in the test box. The radar ranging system is composed of a light source, a modulator, a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a phaser and the like and is used for monitoring the elevation change of the liquid level in the burette in real time. The data acquisition system consists of a data acquisition instrument, a data transmission line and a display and is used for acquiring numerical signals of each observation point in the test process. The device can automatically, continuously and accurately acquire two parameters of net expansion amount and temperature of the soil sample to be measured, realizes the distinguishing of frost heaving and salt heaving for the first time based on the change rule of the soil body temperature in the freezing process, and has the advantages of convenience in observation, clear principle, strong practicability and the like.
Further, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a titration device A, B and a temperature measuring device. The titration apparatus A comprises a sample to be tested, a cutting ring, a rubber membrane, a wide-mouth bottle, a calcium chloride solution, a foam bottle plug, a sealing rubber bag, a burette and a wide band. The device is characterized in that a sample to be tested is placed in the cutting ring, two ends of the sample are enabled to be flush with the opening of the cutting ring, the whole body is wrapped by an elastic transparent rubber film in a sealing mode, and two ends of the sample are tightened by a wide binding belt. The method has the main effects that the total expansion of the sample is equivalently reflected on the liquid level elevation of the burette by utilizing the elastic expansion of the volume of the rubber film in the cooling process, and then the frost heaving amount and the salt heaving amount are accurately measured by a subsequent radar ranging system.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the sealed and wrapped cutting ring sample is finally placed inside a wide-mouth bottle, and the wide-mouth bottle is filled with a calcium chloride solution.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the wide-mouth bottle is closed by a foam bottle plug of which the axis is fixed with a double-opening burette, and a sealing adhesive tape is wound at the gap to ensure that the gap is completely sealed. The function of the device is to prevent calcium chloride solution from leaking from the interface of the foam bottle plug and the bottle mouth, and then the liquid level elevation measurement of the burette is inaccurate.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a wide-mouth bottle, a calcium chloride solution, a foam bottle plug, a sealing rubber bag and a burette. The wide-mouth bottle is characterized in that the wide-mouth bottle is filled with calcium chloride solution, the wide-mouth bottle is closed by using a foam bottle plug of which the axis is fixed with a double-opening burette, and a sealing adhesive tape is wound at the gap to ensure that the gap is completely sealed. The titration apparatus B is used for obtaining the total swelling capacity of the calcium chloride solution with the known volume at any moment in the test process, and the influence of the volume heat effect of the calcium chloride solution in the titration apparatus A is eliminated after comparison, so that the net swelling capacity of the sample is obtained.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a sample, a cutting ring, a rubber film, a wide-mouth bottle, a calcium chloride solution, a foam bottle plug, a sealing rubber bag, a wide binding belt, a temperature probe and a plastic sleeve. The temperature probe is embedded in the center of a sample, the circuit of the temperature probe is communicated with an external data acquisition system through a plastic sleeve, the whole is sealed by a rubber film, and a sealing joint is arranged above the top of the foam bottle stopper. The main function is to make a parallel sample of the titration sample, to reduce the original packaging environment of the titration sample as much as possible, to replace the soil sample temperature in the titration apparatus with the temperature of the parallel sample, and to prevent the line of the temperature probe from being wetted with the calcium chloride solution.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a compressor device, a condenser, a drying filter, a capillary tube, a liquid storage device, an evaporator, a back conduit, a side conduit and a special conduit without condensation effect of a bottom conduit. The main working principle is that the compressor pressurizes the refrigerant and then converts the refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the gas is gradually converted into high-pressure liquid through the condenser, the high-pressure liquid is further dried through the drying filter, the high-pressure liquid is completely converted into low-pressure liquid through the capillary tube and is collected in the liquid storage device, then the evaporator starts to absorb heat to vaporize, the refrigeration effect is achieved, and finally the vaporized refrigerant returns to the compressor through the back conduit, the side conduit and the bottom conduit to complete the refrigeration cycle.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises an air filtering and reducing valve, a compressor, a support, a damping rubber ring, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe. The compressor is fixed on the support and connected with the box bottom plate through the bolt, and the damping rubber ring is arranged between the bolt and the box bottom plate and is mainly used for weakening the influence of vibration on the anchoring performance of the bolt when the compressor works so as to ensure the stability of connection between the compressor and the box bottom.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the air filtering pressure reducing valve is fixed at a position close to a corner on the upper side of the support, and the high-pressure air compressed in the compressor is reduced to be in an output state by setting the pressure of the adjusting spring and utilizing the throttling effect of the opening and closing piece.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that a section of conduit without a condensation effect is connected between the condenser and the air outlet pipe, and is mainly used for guiding the vaporized refrigerant to an upper port of the condenser to prevent the condensed liquid refrigerant from flowing back to block a pipeline and even causing the overhigh pressure in the pipeline so as to damage the pipe wall.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that an upper port of the capillary tube is connected with an outlet of the drying filter, a lower port of the capillary tube is connected with an upper port of the liquid reservoir, and the lengths of the guide pipes at the two ends of the capillary tube are extremely short, so that the liquid refrigerant after pressure reduction and throttling can be rapidly conveyed to the liquid reservoir, and the conveying efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a can distinguish joint measurement device of saline soil frost heaving volume and salt swelling volume, the evaporimeter entry end sets up in the downside, links to each other with port under the reservoir, the exit end sets up in the upside, links to each other with the circle pipe, can fully vaporize the liquid refrigerant that gets into the evaporimeter like this, moreover, the refrigerant after the vaporization also can be fast through the pipe in the evaporimeter, then improve refrigeration efficiency.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the back guide pipe, the side guide pipes and the bottom guide pipe are distributed in an S shape, idle areas on the back, the side and the bottom of the test box are fully utilized, and the maximization of the length of the guide pipes is realized. Since the distance that the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows along the guide duct is enlarged and the time is lengthened, the refrigerating effect is further enhanced.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a temperature controller, lighting equipment, a transparent protective cover, a signal transmission line and an intelligent display screen. Its main theory of operation is the artificial operating temperature who sets up on the intelligent display screen, sends the instruction to the temperature controller through signal transmission line, manipulates refrigerating system's operation then, realizes the accuse temperature effect.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the temperature controller and the lighting equipment are located inside the transparent protective cover, and the temperature controller, the lighting equipment and the transparent plastic cover are integrally fixed on the inner side wall of the test box. The main illumination function that provides for the proof box, the convenience is examined and is adjusted box internal plant and test instrument.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device that can distinguish salted soil frost heaving volume and salt swelling volume, the intelligent display screen is fixed in the tank wall outside, is convenient for transmit the temperature control instruction for the temperature controller at any time to adjustment refrigerating system's operating condition avoids opening the case operation and leads to the thermal current to get into the proof box and arouse the refrigeration loss.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a phase type laser range finder and a supporting part. The phase type laser range finder is characterized by comprising a light source, a modulator, a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a difference frequency phase measuring instrument and a micro data processor. The main working principle is that emergent light generated by a light source is subjected to amplitude modulation by a modulator and then periodically changes along the emergent direction along with time, the emergent light is reversely subjected to mirror image transmission when meeting the liquid level of a burette and is captured by an optical receiver, a captured optical signal is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric converter and then is transmitted to a difference frequency phase measuring instrument for phase analysis, and finally a micro data processor outputs a measuring result.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frost heaving amount and the salt heaving amount of the saline soil has the advantages that the light source is a helium-neon gas laser which is annularly surrounded by the modulator, the effect is that emergent light generated by the light source can be received by the modulator more easily, and a distance measuring signal is carried on a light wave, so that the emitted light becomes modulated light. In addition, the helium-neon gas laser is stable in frequency, phase and direction of laser emitted by the light source, has the advantage of continuous emission, and fully meets the measurement requirements of the test.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the upper end face of the optical receiver is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the modulator nested with the light source, and central axes of the optical receiver and the modulator are superposed. The light receiver is partially nested in the photoelectric converter, the upper end face of the light receiver, the lower end face of the modulator and the upper surface of the photoelectric converter are positioned on the same plane, the main function of the light receiver is to ensure that a safe and stable propagation channel is formed before modulated light is emitted, and return light signals are captured more easily.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the difference frequency phase measuring instrument is fixed on the rear side of the modulator and is connected with the photoelectric converter and the micro data processor through a data line, and the combined measuring device mainly has the main functions of carrying out phase analysis on an electric signal transmitted in real time, transmitting data to the micro data processor and obtaining a distance measuring result through internal program processing.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a tripod and a non-slip mat. The three pole bodies of the triangular support are connected with each other through the rod piece, the top of the triangular support is fixed with the bottom surface of the phase type laser range finder, the anti-slip pad is arranged at the three end positions of the triangular support, and the anti-slip pad is mainly used for providing a proper distance measuring height and a safe and stable measuring environment for the phase type laser range finder.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil comprises a data transmission line, a data acquisition instrument and a data display. The measurement data in the radar ranging system and the sample packaging system are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument through the data transmission line, and the measurement result is fed back to the data display through an internal calculation program.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, compared with the prior art, the device realizes synchronous measurement of net swelling capacity and temperature of the same saline soil sample, is a combined measuring device with stronger comprehensiveness, and can explore the internal change rule of frost heaving and salt heaving more deeply through the change relation of the net swelling capacity, the temperature and the time t.
Secondly, when the sample in the test is subjected to salt expansion and frost heaving, people are often limited to directly observing the scale change of the liquid level in the burette by naked eyes, the observation means is easily influenced by the visual angle to cause reading errors, the continuity of the test is inevitably influenced by interrupting the test and carrying out artificial reading, the operation is complicated, and the time cost is extremely consumed. The invention firstly utilizes the radar ranging system to directly monitor the liquid level change of the burette caused by frost heaving and salt heaving, realizes the continuity, automation and precision of the total swelling capacity measurement, and is beneficial to more efficiently carrying out test research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a specimen enclosure system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a radar ranging system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a radar ranging system with a bracket according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-1 part of sample, 1-2 parts of cutting ring, 1-3 parts of rubber membrane, 1-4 parts of wide-mouth bottle, 1-5 parts of calcium chloride solution, 1-6 parts of foam bottle stopper, 1-7 parts of sealing rubber bag, 1-8 parts of burette, 1-9 parts of wide band, 1-10 parts of temperature probe, 1-11 parts of plastic sleeve, 2-1 parts of air filtering and pressure reducing valve, 2-2 parts of compressor, 2-3 parts of bracket, 2-4 parts of damping rubber ring, 2-5 parts of air inlet pipe, 2-6 parts of air outlet pipe, 2-7 parts of condenser, 2-8 parts of drying filter, 2-9 parts of capillary pipe, 2-10 parts of liquid storage device, 2-11 parts of evaporator, 2-12 parts of back conduit, 2-13 parts of side conduit, 2-14 parts of bottom conduit, 2-15 parts of special conduit without condensation effect, and 3-1 part of temperature controller, the device comprises the following components, by weight, 3-2 parts of lighting equipment, 3-3 parts of a transparent protective cover, 3-4 parts of a signal transmission line, 3-5 parts of an intelligent display screen, 4-1 parts of a light source, 4-2 parts of a modulator, 4-3 parts of a light receiver, 4-4 parts of a photoelectric converter, 4-5 parts of a difference frequency phase measuring instrument, 4-6 parts of a micro data processor, 4-7 parts of a tripod support, 4-8 parts of an anti-skid pad, 5-1 parts of a data transmission line, 5-2 parts of a data acquisition instrument, 5-3 parts of a data display, 6-1 parts of an upper flip cover of a test box, 6-2 parts of a side wall of the test box, 6-3 parts of a plug, 6-4 parts of a wiring hole plug and 7 parts of a wire supporting rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
in order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a combined measuring device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil. The sample packaging system comprises a wide-mouth bottle, a calcium chloride solution, a foam bottle plug, a burette and the like, is used for packaging a soil sample to be tested, and provides a generating device and a visual condition for frost heaving and salt heaving of the soil sample. The refrigerating system comprises a compressor, a condenser pipe, a drying filter, a capillary tube, an evaporator, a liquid storage device and the like, is used for heat exchange and refrigeration, and simulates the freezing action of the external temperature reduction on the soil sample. The temperature control system is composed of a temperature controller, an intelligent display screen, an illuminating device and the like and is used for operating the refrigerating system so as to realize real-time regulation and control of the temperature in the test box. The radar ranging system is composed of a light source, a modulator, a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a phaser and the like and is used for monitoring the elevation change of the liquid level in the burette in real time. The data acquisition system consists of a data acquisition instrument, a data transmission line and a display and is used for acquiring numerical signals of each observation point in the test process. The device can automatically, continuously and accurately acquire two parameters of net expansion amount and temperature of the soil sample to be measured, realizes the distinguishing of frost heaving and salt heaving for the first time based on the change rule of the soil body temperature in the freezing process, and has the advantages of convenience in observation, clear principle, strong practicability and the like.
Further, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the sample packaging system comprises a titration device A, B and a temperature measuring device. The titration apparatus A is characterized by comprising 1-1 parts of a sample to be tested, 1-2 parts of a cutting ring, 1-3 parts of a rubber film, 1-4 parts of a wide-mouth bottle, 1-5 parts of a calcium chloride solution, 1-6 parts of a foam bottle stopper, 1-7 parts of a sealing rubber bag, 1-8 parts of a burette and 1-9 parts of a wide binding belt. The method is characterized in that a sample 1-1 to be tested is placed in a cutting ring 1-2, two ends of the sample 1-1 are ensured to be flush with openings of the cutting ring 1-2, the whole body is hermetically wrapped by an elastic transparent rubber film 1-3, and two ends of the sample are tightly bound by a wide binding belt 1-9. The method has the main effects that the total expansion of the sample is equivalently reflected on the liquid level elevation of the burette by utilizing the elastic expansion of the volume of the rubber film in the cooling process, and then the frost heaving amount and the salt heaving amount are accurately measured by a subsequent radar ranging system.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the sealed and wrapped cutting ring sample 1-1 is finally placed inside the wide-mouth bottle 1-4, and the wide-mouth bottle 1-4 is filled with a calcium chloride solution 1-5, so that the temperature around the sample 1-1 in the cutting ring is ensured to be changed uniformly.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the wide-mouth bottles 1-4 are sealed by using foam bottle stoppers 1-6 with double-opening burettes 1-8 fixed on the axes, and sealing adhesive tapes 1-7 are wound at gaps to ensure that the gaps are completely sealed. The function of the device is to prevent calcium chloride solution from leaking from the interface of the foam bottle plug and the bottle mouth, and then the liquid level elevation measurement of the burette is inaccurate.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the titration device B comprises 1-4 parts of a wide-mouth bottle, 1-5 parts of a calcium chloride solution, 1-6 parts of a foam bottle stopper, 1-7 parts of a sealing rubber bag and 1-8 parts of a burette. The wide-mouth bottle is characterized in that the wide-mouth bottle 1-4 is filled with calcium chloride solution 1-5, a foam bottle plug 1-6 with a double-opening burette 1-8 fixed at the axis is used for sealing, and a sealing adhesive tape 1-7 is wound at the gap to ensure that the gap is completely sealed. The titration device B is used for obtaining the total swelling capacity of the calcium chloride solution with the known volume at any moment in the test process, eliminating the salt swelling and frost heaving influences of the calcium chloride solution in the titration device A after comparison, and obtaining the net swelling capacity of the sample 1-1.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized by comprising a test sample 1-1, a cutting ring 1-2, a rubber film 1-3, a wide-mouth bottle 1-4, a calcium chloride solution 1-5, a foam bottle stopper 1-6, a sealing rubber bag 1-7, a wide binding belt 1-9, a temperature probe 1-10 and a plastic sleeve 1-11. The device is characterized in that the temperature probe 1-10 is embedded in the center of the sample 1-1, the circuit of the temperature probe 1-10 is communicated with an external data acquisition system through a plastic sleeve 1-11, the whole is sealed by a rubber film 1-3, and a sealing joint is arranged above the top of the foam bottle stopper 1-6. The main function is to make a parallel sample of the titration sample, reduce the original packaging environment of the titration sample as much as possible, replace the soil sample temperature in the titration apparatus with the temperature of the parallel sample, and prevent the lines of the temperature probes 1-10 from being soaked by the calcium chloride solution 1-5.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the refrigerating system is composed of a compressor device, a condenser 2-7, a drying filter 2-8, a capillary tube 2-9, a liquid storage device 2-10, an evaporator 2-11, a back conduit 2-12, a side conduit 2-13 and a bottom conduit 2-14, and a special conduit 2-15 without condensation effect is arranged in the refrigerating system. The main working principle is that a compressor 2-2 pressurizes a refrigerant and then converts the refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into high-pressure liquid gradually through a condenser 2-7, the high-pressure liquid is further dried through a drying filter 2-8, the high-pressure liquid is completely converted into low-pressure liquid through a capillary tube 2-9 and collected in a liquid storage device 2-10, then heat absorption is started in an evaporator 2-11 to be vaporized, the refrigeration effect is achieved, and finally the vaporized refrigerant returns to the compressor 2-2 through a back conduit 2-12, a side conduit 2-13 and a bottom conduit 2-14 to complete the refrigeration cycle.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the compressor device comprises an air filtering and pressure reducing valve 2-1, a compressor 2-2, a support 2-3, a damping rubber ring 2-4, an air inlet pipe 2-5 and an air outlet pipe 2-6. The vibration-damping rubber ring is characterized in that the compressor 2-2 is fixed on the support 2-3 and connected with the box bottom plate through a bolt, and a vibration-damping rubber ring 2-4 is arranged between the bolt and the box bottom plate and is mainly used for weakening the influence of vibration on the anchoring performance of the bolt when the compressor 2-2 works so as to ensure the stability of connection between the compressor 2-2 and the box bottom.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the air filtering and pressure reducing valve 2-1 is fixed at the upper side of the support 2-3 close to a corner, and the high-pressure air compressed in the compressor 2-2 is reduced to be in an output state by setting the pressure of the adjusting spring and utilizing the throttling effect of the opening and closing piece.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that a section of conduit 2-15 without a condensation effect is connected between the condenser 2-7 and the air outlet pipe 2-6, and is mainly used for guiding vaporized refrigerant to an upper port of the condenser 2-7 and preventing the condensed liquid refrigerant from flowing back to block a pipeline and even causing the overhigh pressure in the pipeline so as to damage the pipeline wall.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the upper port of the capillary tube 2-9 is connected with the outlet of the drying filter 2-8, the lower port of the capillary tube is connected with the upper port of the liquid storage device 2-10, and the length of the guide pipe at the two ends of the capillary tube 2-9 is extremely short, so that the liquid refrigerant after pressure reduction and throttling can be quickly conveyed to the liquid storage device 2-10, and the conveying efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the inlet end of the evaporator 2-11 is arranged on the lower side and is connected with the lower port of the liquid storage device 2-10, and the outlet end of the evaporator is arranged on the upper side and is connected with the round conduit, so that liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator can be fully vaporized, and the vaporized refrigerant can also rapidly pass through the conduit in the evaporator 2-11, and then the refrigeration efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the back guide pipes 2-12, the side guide pipes 2-13 and the bottom guide pipes 2-14 are distributed in an S shape, idle areas on the back, the side and the bottom of the test box are fully utilized, and the maximization of the length of the guide pipes is realized. Since the distance that the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows along the guide duct is enlarged and the time is lengthened, the refrigerating effect is further enhanced.
Furthermore, the joint measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a temperature controller 3-1, lighting equipment 3-2, a transparent protective cover 3-3, a signal transmission line 3-4 and an intelligent display screen 3-5. The main working principle is that the working temperature on the intelligent display screen 3-5 is manually set, the instruction is transmitted to the temperature controller 3-1 through the signal transmission line 3-4, and then the operation of the refrigeration system is controlled, so that the temperature control effect is realized.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the temperature controller 3-1 and the lighting device 3-2 are located inside the transparent protective cover 3-3, and the temperature controller 3-1, the lighting device 3-2 and the transparent plastic cover 3-3 are integrally fixed on the inner side wall of the test box. The main illumination function that provides for the proof box, the convenience is examined and is adjusted box internal plant and test instrument.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the intelligent display screen 3-5 is fixed on the outer side of the box wall, so that a temperature control instruction can be conveniently transmitted to the temperature controller 3-1 at any time, the working state of the refrigeration system is adjusted, and the refrigeration loss caused by heat flow entering the test box due to the box opening operation is avoided.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the radar ranging system comprises a phase type laser range finder and a supporting part. The phase type laser range finder is characterized by comprising a light source 4-1, a modulator 4-2, an optical receiver 4-3, a photoelectric converter 4-4, a difference frequency phase measuring instrument 4-5 and a micro data processor 4-6. The main working principle is that emergent light generated by a light source 4-1 is subjected to amplitude modulation through a modulator 4-2 and then periodically changes along the emergent direction along with time, the emergent light is subjected to mirror image propagation in the reverse direction when meeting the liquid level of a burette and is captured by an optical receiver 4-3, a captured optical signal is converted into an electric signal through a photoelectric converter 4-4 and then is transmitted to a difference frequency phase measuring instrument 4-5 for phase analysis, and finally a measurement result is output through a micro data processor 4-6.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frost heaving amount and the salt heaving amount of the saline soil is characterized in that the light source 4-1 is a helium-neon gas laser and is annularly surrounded by the modulator 4-2, and the joint measurement device has the functions of enabling emergent light generated by the light source 4-1 to be more easily received by the modulator 4-2 and loading a distance measurement signal on a light wave to enable emitted light to become modulated light. In addition, the helium-neon gas laser is used as the laser frequency, phase and direction emitted by the light source 4-1, is stable, has the advantage of continuous emission, and fully meets the measurement requirements of the test.
Furthermore, the joint measurement device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the upper end face of the light receiver 4-3 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the modulator 4-2 nested with the light source 4-1, and the central axes of the light receiver and the modulator are superposed. The optical receiver 4-3 is partially nested in the photoelectric converter 4-4, the upper end face of the optical receiver 4-3, the lower end face of the modulator 4-2 and the upper surface of the photoelectric converter 4-4 are positioned on the same plane, and the main function of the optical receiver is to ensure that a safe and stable propagation channel is formed before modulated light is emitted and return light signals are easier to capture.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the difference frequency phase measuring instrument 4-5 is fixed on the rear side of the modulator 4-2 and is connected with the photoelectric converter 4-4 and the micro data processor 4-6 through data lines, and the combined measuring device is mainly used for carrying out phase analysis on electric signals transmitted in real time and transmitting data to the micro data processor 4-6 to obtain a distance measuring result through internal program processing.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the supporting parts comprise three-foot brackets 4-7 and anti-slip mats 4-8. The three rods of the triangular supports 4-7 are connected with each other through rod pieces, the tops of the three rods are fixed with the bottom surface of the phase type laser range finder, and the anti-slip pads 4-8 are arranged at the three end positions of the triangular supports 4-7 and mainly play a role in providing the phase type laser range finder with proper range finding height and a safe and stable measuring environment.
Furthermore, the combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frozen swelling capacity and the salt swelling capacity of the saline soil is characterized in that the data acquisition system comprises a data transmission line 5-1, a data acquisition instrument 5-2 and a data display 5-3. The measurement data in the radar ranging system and the sample packaging system are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument 5-2 by the data transmission line 5-1, and the measurement result is fed back to the data display 5-3 by an internal calculation program.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A joint measurement device capable of distinguishing frozen swelling capacity and salt swelling capacity of saline soil is characterized by comprising a sample packaging system, a refrigeration system, a temperature control system, a radar ranging system and a data acquisition system, wherein the sample packaging system is used for packaging a soil sample to be measured, the refrigeration system is used for heat exchange refrigeration, the temperature control system is used for operating the refrigeration system, the radar ranging system is used for monitoring the elevation change of the liquid level in a burette in real time, and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring numerical signals of each observation point in the test process;
the sample packaging system comprises a titration apparatus A, B and a temperature measuring apparatus, wherein the titration apparatus A comprises a sample (1-1), a cutting ring (1-2), a rubber film (1-3), a wide-mouth bottle (1-4), a calcium chloride solution (1-5), a foam bottle plug (1-6), a sealing rubber bag (1-7), a burette (1-8) and a wide ribbon (1-9), the sample (1-1) to be measured is put into the cutting ring (1-2), two ends of the sample (1-1) are ensured to be parallel and level with the opening of the cutting ring (1-2), the whole is wrapped by the elastic transparent rubber film (1-3) in a sealing way, and two ends of the sample are tightened by the wide ribbon (1-9); the hermetically wrapped cutting ring sample (1-1) is placed inside a wide-mouth bottle (1-4), and the wide-mouth bottle (1-4) is filled with a calcium chloride solution (1-5) so as to ensure that the temperature around the sample (1-1) in the cutting ring is uniformly changed; the wide-mouth bottle (1-4) is closed by a foam bottle plug (1-6) of which the axis is fixed with a burette (1-8) with double openings, and a sealing adhesive tape (1-7) is wound at the gap; the structure of the titration device B is the same as that of the titration device A; the temperature measuring device is provided with a temperature probe (1-10) and a plastic sleeve (1-11), the temperature probe (1-10) is embedded in the center of the sample (1-1), the circuit of the temperature probe (1-10) is communicated with an external data acquisition system through the plastic sleeve (1-11), the whole is sealed by a rubber film (1-3), and a sealing seam is arranged above the top of the foam bottle stopper (1-6); the refrigeration system comprises a compressor device, a condenser (2-7), a drying filter (2-8), a capillary tube (2-9), a liquid storage device (2-10), an evaporator (2-11), a back conduit (2-12), a side conduit (2-13), a bottom conduit (2-14) and a special conduit (2-15), wherein the compressor (2-2) pressurizes a refrigerant and converts the refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into high-pressure liquid gradually through the condenser (2-7), the high-pressure liquid is further dried through the drying filter (2-8), the high-pressure liquid is completely converted into low-pressure liquid through the capillary tube (2-9) and is collected in the liquid storage device (2-10), heat absorption and vaporization are started in the evaporator (2-11), the refrigeration effect is realized, and finally, the vaporized refrigerant passes through the back conduit (2-12), The side conduit (2-13) and the bottom conduit (2-14) return to the compressor (2-2) to complete the refrigeration cycle; the compressor device comprises an air filtering pressure reducing valve (2-1), a compressor (2-2), a support (2-3), a damping rubber ring (2-4), an air inlet pipe (2-5) and an air outlet pipe (2-6), wherein the compressor (2-2) is fixed on the support (2-3) and is connected with a box bottom plate through a bolt, and the damping rubber ring (2-4) is arranged between the bolt and the box bottom plate to weaken the influence of vibration on the anchoring performance of the bolt when the compressor (2-2) works, so that the stability of connection between the compressor (2-2) and the box bottom is ensured; the air filtering pressure reducing valve (2-1) is fixed at a corner close to the upper side of the support (2-3), and the high-pressure gas compressed in the compressor (2-2) is reduced to an output state by setting the pressure of the adjusting spring and utilizing the throttling action of the opening and closing piece; a section of conduit (2-15) without condensation effect is connected between the condenser (2-7) and the air outlet pipe (2-6) to guide the vaporized refrigerant to the upper port of the condenser (2-7); the upper port of the capillary tube (2-9) is connected with the outlet of the drying filter (2-8), the lower port of the capillary tube is connected with the upper port of the liquid storage device (2-10), and the length of the guide tubes at the two ends of the capillary tube (2-9) is extremely short, so that the liquid refrigerant after pressure reduction and throttling can be quickly conveyed to the liquid storage device (2-10) to improve the conveying efficiency; the inlet end of the evaporator (2-11) is arranged at the lower side and is connected with the lower port of the liquid storage device (2-10), the outlet end of the evaporator is arranged at the upper side and is connected with the round conduit, so that the liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator can be fully vaporized, and the vaporized refrigerant can also quickly pass through the conduit in the evaporator (2-11), thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency; the back guide pipe (2-12), the side guide pipe (2-13) and the bottom guide pipe (2-14) are distributed in an S shape; the temperature control system comprises a temperature controller (3-1), lighting equipment (3-2), a transparent protective cover (3-3), a signal transmission line (3-4) and an intelligent display screen (3-5), the working temperature on the intelligent display screen (3-5) is set, an instruction is transmitted to the temperature controller (3-1) through the signal transmission line (3-4), and then the operation of the refrigeration system is controlled, so that the temperature control effect is realized; the temperature controller (3-1) and the lighting equipment (3-2) are positioned in the transparent protective cover (3-3), and the temperature controller (3-1), the lighting equipment (3-2) and the transparent plastic cover (3-3) are integrally fixed on the inner side wall of the test box; the intelligent display screen (3-5) is fixed on the outer side of the box wall, so that a temperature control instruction can be conveniently transmitted to the temperature controller (3-1) at any time; the radar ranging system comprises a phase type laser range finder and a supporting component, wherein the phase type laser range finder comprises a light source (4-1), a modulator (4-2), a light receiver (4-3), a photoelectric converter (4-4), a difference frequency phase measuring instrument (4-5) and a micro data processor (4-6), emergent light generated by the light source (4-1) is subjected to amplitude modulation through the modulator (4-2) and then periodically changes along the emergent direction, mirror image propagation is performed in the reverse direction when meeting the liquid level of a burette and is captured by the light receiver (4-3), a captured light signal is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric converter (4-4), then the electric signal is transmitted to the difference frequency phase measuring instrument (4-5) to perform phase analysis, and finally a measuring result is output by the micro data processor (4-6), the light source (4-1) is a helium neon gas laser and is annularly surrounded by the modulator (4-2), so that emergent light generated by the light source (4-1) can be more easily received by the modulator (4-2), and a ranging signal is carried on light waves, so that the emitted light becomes modulated light; the upper end face of the optical receiver (4-3) is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the modulator (4-2) nested with the light source (4-1), the central axes of the optical receiver and the modulator are coincident, the optical receiver (4-3) is partially nested in the photoelectric converter (4-4), the upper end face of the optical receiver (4-3), the lower end face of the modulator (4-2) and the upper surface of the photoelectric converter (4-4) are located on the same plane, a safe and stable propagation channel is guaranteed to be arranged before modulated light is emitted, and return light signals are more easily captured.
2. The combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frost heaviness and salt heaviness of saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: the difference frequency phase measuring instrument (4-5) is fixed at the rear side of the modulator (4-2) and is connected with the photoelectric converter (4-4) and the micro data processor (4-6) through a data line, phase analysis is carried out on the electric signal transmitted in real time, data are transmitted to the micro data processor (4-6), and a distance measuring result is obtained through internal program processing; the supporting part comprises a tripod support (4-7) and anti-slip pads (4-8), three rod bodies of the tripod support (4-7) are connected with each other through a rod piece, the top of the rod body is fixed with the bottom surface of the phase type laser range finder, and the anti-slip pads (4-8) are arranged at the three end parts of the tripod support (4-7).
3. The combined measuring device capable of distinguishing the frost heaviness and salt heaviness of saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system comprises a data transmission line (5-1), a data acquisition instrument (5-2) and a data display (5-3), wherein the data transmission line (5-1) is used for transmitting the measured data in the radar ranging system and the sample packaging system to the data acquisition instrument (5-2), and the measured data are fed back to the data display (5-3) through an internal calculation program.
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