CN114184123A - Device and method for measuring and calculating three-dimensional green quantity of grassland sample - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring and calculating three-dimensional green quantity of grassland sample Download PDF

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CN114184123A
CN114184123A CN202111537627.7A CN202111537627A CN114184123A CN 114184123 A CN114184123 A CN 114184123A CN 202111537627 A CN202111537627 A CN 202111537627A CN 114184123 A CN114184123 A CN 114184123A
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grassland
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洪泽湖
徐伟恒
狄光智
康倩文
刘运
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Southwest Forestry University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring and calculating three-dimensional green quantity of a grassland sample, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the lawn sample room comprises a top plate, four side plates, an image processing display module, an image acquisition device and a circuit control switch, wherein the four side plates are spliced with the top plate to form a shell with an opening at the bottom end, and the shell covers a lawn sample room; five groups of image acquisition devices are arranged in the shell, the five groups of image acquisition devices are respectively arranged on four side panels and a top plate, and each side panel is vertically provided with scale marks; the image processing display module and the circuit control switch are arranged on the upper portion of the top plate, the image processing display module comprises a processor and a display screen, and the processor is electrically connected with the five groups of image acquisition devices respectively. The device can realize multi-angle real-time imaging analysis on the grassland sample, can calculate the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample in real time, has simple structure, can be disassembled and assembled, is convenient to carry, has lower cost than a common device, and is easy to operate.

Description

Device and method for measuring and calculating three-dimensional green quantity of grassland sample
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional green quantity calculation of grassland samples, in particular to a device and a method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland samples.
Background
The measurement and calculation of the three-dimensional green quantity are basic premises of quantitative evaluation of greening environmental benefits and are one of important contents of green ecosystem research. The three-dimensional green volume of the green land is not only beneficial supplement of a greening evaluation index system, but also beneficial to accurately analyzing the ecological environmental benefit of greening and the total amount of greening requirements, and provides valuable technical parameters for the design of a greening system, particularly the design of a greening system of functional areas with different environmental requirements, the rationality evaluation of greening community layout and greening planning. However, the current methods for calculating the three-dimensional green volume of the grassland usually adopt the methods of traditional tool measurement, unmanned plane RGB image measurement, remote sensing image measurement, etc., and these methods have the following problems: firstly, the existing measurement mode is long in time consumption and high in requirement on manpower, and most of the existing measurement mode needs manual calculation; secondly, the requirement on the measurement environment is high, and the problem of measurement precision caused by the environment cannot be solved; thirdly, the portability is not available; and part of measuring equipment is expensive and is not beneficial to a large amount of sampling measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of a grassland sample, which can realize multi-angle real-time imaging analysis on the grassland sample and calculate the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of a grassland sample comprises a top plate, four side plates, an image processing and displaying module, an image acquisition device and a circuit control switch, wherein the four side plates are spliced with the top plate to form a shell with an opening at the bottom end, and the shell covers the grassland sample;
five groups of image acquisition devices are arranged in the shell, the five groups of image acquisition devices are respectively arranged on four side panels and a top plate, and each side panel is vertically provided with scale marks; the image processing and displaying module and the circuit control switch are arranged on the upper portion of the top plate, the image processing and displaying module comprises a processor and a display screen, the processor is electrically connected with the five groups of image acquisition devices respectively, and the image acquisition devices are used for acquiring grassland images in grassland samples;
the circuit control switch is arranged on the power supply circuit between the power supply and the image processing display module and between the power supply and the image acquisition device and is used for controlling the on-off of each power supply circuit.
Furthermore, the top plate and the four side plates are light-weight film-coated transparent plates.
Further, the top plate and the four side plates are rectangular, and the shell is a cuboid.
Furthermore, the edges of the top layer board and the four side panels are provided with a splicing structure, the splicing structure comprises a groove at the edge of the top layer board and a tooth-shaped port formed by a convex connection point at the edge of the side panel, the groove is in fit joint with the tooth-shaped port, and the top layer board and the four side panels are spliced and combined through the splicing structure.
Furthermore, the four image acquisition devices are respectively arranged at the middle lower parts of the four side panels, and one image acquisition device is arranged in the middle of the top plate.
Furthermore, the scale marks are color scale marks, and the scale range is 0-50 cm.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample, which is applied to the device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample and comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the density of the grassland style:
the processor extracts image pixels based on an image acquired by the image acquisition device, calculates the value of ExG through an ultragreen index formula ExG-2G-R-B, and determines the maximum value and the minimum value of the ExG, wherein the ExG represents an ultragreen index, G represents the pixel value of a green part in the image, R represents the pixel value of a red part in the image, and B represents the pixel value of a blue part in the image;
after calculation, converting the color image into an ExG gray scale image, obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of ExG in the image, then taking the absolute value of the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value as the threshold value of the gray scale value in the image, and obtaining the density of the grassland sample through binarization processing;
s2, calculating the height of the grassland style: establishing a coordinate system for the pixel image to obtain the maximum value of the corresponding ordinate on each abscissa in the image, and calculating the average value of the maximum values in each image to obtain the height of the grassland sample;
s3, calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample: substituting the data into calculation through a three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula to obtain the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample; the three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula is as follows:
G＝H×D×S
in the formula, G represents the three-dimensional green quantity value, H represents the height of the grassland sample, D represents the density of the grassland sample, S represents the area size of the sample, and the size of the sample area is consistent with the top plate area.
Further, in step S1, the obtaining the density of the meadow style by the binarization process specifically includes:
when the gray value of the pixel is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 1; when the gray value of a pixel is less than or equal to a threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 0, the pixel is divided into 1 and 0 different areas after threshold processing, the 1 area is set as a white area, the 0 area is set as a black area, the percentage of the black and white area of the binary image is calculated after processing, the white area corresponds to the grass part in the grassland sample, and the percentage of the white area is regarded as the density of the grassland sample.
Further, in step S2, establishing a coordinate system for the pixel image, obtaining a maximum value of a vertical coordinate corresponding to each horizontal coordinate in the image, and calculating an average value of the maximum values in each image, so as to obtain the height of the grassy style, specifically including:
s201, in the received image data, comparing the scale marks to obtain a height observation value of the grassland in the grassland sample, and if no grassland grows in a part of the sample, determining the height observation value as 0;
s202, in the pixel image of the step S1, a grassland observation image of one surface is selected, and each pixel is regarded as a coordinate point Qi(xi，yi) And read all QiThen at each same xiUp looking for the corresponding yiMaximum value y inmaxAssuming a total of n such points, this can then be followed by the formula
Figure BDA0003413029510000031
Calculating the average value of the grass height of the surface;
s203, after the average value of the grass height of one face is obtained, the average values of the grass heights of the other three sides are sequentially obtained according to the method, the average values of the grass heights of the four faces are obtained again, and the average value is regarded as the height of the grass square in the subsequent calculation process.
Further, the method further comprises:
and step S4, after the processor calculates the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland square through the steps S1-S3, the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland square is transmitted to a display screen in the module in real time for display, so that the grassland square can be conveniently viewed by a user.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the device and the method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample provided by the invention adopt a portable and assembled cubic structure, a shell with an opening at the bottom end is formed by splicing four side panels and a top plate, and the shell is covered on the grassland sample to be measured and calculated with the three-dimensional green quantity, so that a stable space which is completely eliminated from the influence of external factors including natural organisms and the like is provided, and the influence of the external environment on the measurement precision is avoided; the image acquisition can be realized from multiple angles through a plurality of groups of image acquisition devices on the side panels and the top plate, and the received image information can be applied in the image processing and displaying module in real time to analyze and process to obtain data required by the three-dimensional green quantity calculation for accurately calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland; simultaneously, this device is structurally simple understandable, can dismantle, conveniently carry, provides favorable equipment support for the green volume of three-dimensional research and the green volume of three-dimensional information that relevant scientific research personnel acquireed real-time meadow appearance in the open air of meadow.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring three-dimensional green quantity of a grassland sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the side panel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the top deck of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the side panel of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. a top layer plate; 201. a first side panel; 202. a second side panel; 203. a third side panel; 204. a fourth side panel; 3. an image processing display module; 401. a first image acquisition device; 402. a second image acquisition device; 403. a third image acquisition device; 404. a fourth image acquisition device; 405. a fifth image acquisition device; 5. a circuit control switch; 6. scale lines; 7. a groove; 8. a toothed port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of a grassland sample, which have the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, capability of providing an interference-free environment for image acquisition, improvement of measuring and calculating precision, time saving, labor saving and high automation level.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the apparatus for measuring and calculating three-dimensional green quantity of a grassy square provided by the present invention comprises: the device comprises a top plate 1, four side plates, an image processing and displaying module 3, an image acquisition device and a circuit control switch 5, wherein the four side plates are respectively a first side plate 201, a second side plate 202, a third side plate 203 and a fourth side plate 204, and the four side plates have the same structure and do not have any difference; the four side panels and one top plate 1 are spliced to form a shell with an opening at the bottom end, and the shell is covered on a grassland sample;
five groups of image acquisition devices, namely a first image acquisition device 401, a second image acquisition device 402, a third image acquisition device 403, a fourth image acquisition device 404 and a fifth image acquisition device 405, are arranged in the shell, the five groups of image acquisition devices (402, 403, 404, 405 and 401) are respectively arranged on four side panels and a top plate, and each side panel is vertically provided with a scale 6; the image processing and displaying module 3 and the circuit control switch 5 are arranged on the upper portion of the top plate 1, the image processing and displaying module 3 comprises a processor and a display screen, the processor is electrically connected with five groups of image acquisition devices respectively, and the image acquisition devices are used for acquiring grassland images in grassland samples; the image processing and displaying module 3 is used for receiving grassland images in a sample acquired by five image acquisition devices (401, 402, 403, 404 and 405), processing the images, calculating to obtain a three-dimensional green value of the grassland in the sample, and displaying the three-dimensional green value on a display screen;
the circuit control switch 5 is arranged on a power supply circuit between the power supply and the image processing display module 3 and the image acquisition device and is used for controlling the on-off of each power supply circuit.
The top plate 1 and the four side plates (201, 202, 203 and 204) are light-weight film-coated transparent plates. The top plate 1 and the four side panels (201, 202, 203, 204) are all rectangular, and the shell is a cuboid. The edge of the top plate 1 and the edges of the four side panels (201, 202, 203 and 204) are respectively provided with a splicing structure, the splicing structure consists of a groove 7 at the edge of the top plate 1 and a tooth-shaped port 8 formed by a convex connection point at the edge of the side panel, and the groove 7 is matched with the tooth-shaped port 8. The top plate 1 and the four side panels (201, 202, 203 and 204) are clamped by tooth-shaped ports at the splicing structures to realize splicing combination.
The four image acquisition devices (402, 403, 404 and 405) are respectively arranged at the middle lower parts of the four side panels (201, 202, 203 and 204), and the first image acquisition device 401 is arranged at the middle part of the top plate 1.
The scale lines 6 are color scale lines, the scale range is 0-50cm, and the scale lines are used for assisting in measuring the grassland height.
The device provided by the invention adopts a portable and assembled cubic structure, five plate surfaces of the cube are made of light coated transparent plates, and the overall preferred size of the device is 100cm multiplied by 50 cm. The top plate 1 is a block, the preferred size is 100cm multiplied by 3cm, and the edge is of a splicing structure; the side panels 201, 202, 203 and 204 are preferably 50cm multiplied by 3cm, and the edges are of a splicing structure; the image processing and displaying module 3 is positioned on the top plate 1 and has the size of 20cm multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 2 cm; image acquisition devices 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 are located on the top plate 1 and four side panels, and are commonly used CCD image sensors (such as digital cameras); the circuit control switch 5 is a commonly used circuit control switch and controls the working state of the image acquisition sensor on the transparent plate; the scale lines 6 are marks engraved on the side panels in centimeters (cm). The whole device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the lawn sample is operated by 1-2 people simultaneously placing the device on the lawn sample when the device is used on the lawn.
The device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: firstly, sequentially splicing a top plate 1 and four side panels 201, 202, 203 and 204 to form a complete device, then respectively fixing five image acquisition devices 401, 402, 403, 404 and 405 on the top plate and the four side panels, selecting a proper image acquisition focal distance according to the specific situation of the grassland of a measured sample side, and then connecting a data output end acquired by the image acquisition devices with a data receiving port of a processor;
step 2: after the connection is completed, the circuit control switch 5 is pressed, the image acquisition devices start to work in sequence from 401, the first image acquisition device 401 delays for 1s after acquiring the top image, the second image acquisition device 402 starts to work to acquire the image of one side, meanwhile, the first image acquisition device 401 transmits the image data acquired by the first image acquisition device to the image processing display module 3, and then the image acquisition devices 402, 403, 404 and 405 sequentially delay and repeat the above work flow, and transmit the images acquired by the four sides to the image processing display module 3.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample, which is applied to the device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample and comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the density of the grassland style:
the processor extracts image pixels based on an image acquired by the image acquisition device, calculates the value of ExG through an ultragreen index formula ExG-2G-R-B, and determines the maximum value and the minimum value of the ExG, wherein the ExG represents an ultragreen index, G represents the pixel value of a green part in the image, R represents the pixel value of a red part in the image, and B represents the pixel value of a blue part in the image;
after calculation, converting the color image into an ExG gray scale image, obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of ExG in the image, then taking the absolute value of the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value as the threshold value of the gray scale value in the image, and obtaining the density of the grassland sample through binarization processing; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the gray value of the pixel is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 1; when the gray value of a pixel is less than or equal to a threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 0, the pixel is divided into 1 and 0 different areas after threshold processing, the 1 area is set as a white area, the 0 area is set as a black area, the percentage of the black and white area of the binary image is calculated after processing, the white area corresponds to the grass part in the grassland sample, and the percentage of the white area is regarded as the density of the grassland sample.
S2, calculating the height of the grassland style: establishing a coordinate system for the pixel image to obtain the maximum value of the corresponding ordinate on each abscissa in the image, and calculating the average value of the maximum values in each image to obtain the height of the grassland sample; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, in the received image data, comparing the scale marks to obtain a height observation value of the grassland in the grassland sample, and if no grassland grows in a part of the sample, determining the height observation value as 0;
s202, in the pixel image of the step S1, a grassland observation image of one surface is selected, and each pixel is regarded as a coordinate point Qi(xi，yi) And read all QiThen at each same xiUp looking for the corresponding yiMaximum value y inmaxAssuming a total of n such points, this can then be followed by the formula
Figure BDA0003413029510000071
Calculating the average value of the grass height of the surface;
s203, after the average value of the grass height of one face is obtained, the average values of the grass heights of the other three sides are sequentially obtained according to the method, the average values of the grass heights of the four faces are obtained again, and the average value is regarded as the height of the grass square in the subsequent calculation process.
S3, calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample: substituting the data into calculation through a three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula to obtain the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample; the three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula is as follows:
G＝H×D×S
wherein G represents the three-dimensional green value, H represents the height of the grass square, D represents the density of the grass square, S represents the area of the square, the area of the square corresponding to the area of the top plate, e.g. 1m2。
And S4, after the processor calculates the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample through the steps S1-S3, the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample is transmitted to a display screen in the module in real time for display, so that the grassland sample can be conveniently viewed by a user.
The device and the method for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample provided by the invention have the advantages that the four side panels are spliced with the top plate to form the shell with the bottom end opened, and the shell is covered on the grassland sample to be measured and calculated with the three-dimensional green quantity, so that a stable space which is completely eliminated from the influence of external factors including natural organisms and the like is provided, and the influence of the external environment on the measurement precision is avoided; the image acquisition can be realized from multiple angles through a plurality of groups of image acquisition devices on the side panels and the top plate, and the received image information can be applied in the image processing and displaying module in real time to analyze and process to obtain data required by the three-dimensional green quantity calculation for accurately calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland; simultaneously, this device is structurally simple understandable, can dismantle, conveniently carry, provides favorable equipment support for the green volume of three-dimensional research and the green volume of three-dimensional information that relevant scientific research personnel acquireed real-time meadow appearance in the open air of meadow.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for measuring the three-dimensional green volume of a grass square, comprising: the lawn mower comprises a top plate, four side plates, an image processing and displaying module, an image collecting device and a circuit control switch, wherein the four side plates are spliced with the top plate to form a shell with an opening at the bottom end, and the shell covers a lawn sample;
five groups of image acquisition devices are arranged in the shell, the five groups of image acquisition devices are respectively arranged on four side panels and a top plate, and each side panel is vertically provided with scale marks; the image processing and displaying module and the circuit control switch are arranged on the upper portion of the top plate, the image processing and displaying module comprises a processor and a display screen, the processor is electrically connected with the five groups of image acquisition devices respectively, and the image acquisition devices are used for acquiring grassland images in grassland samples;
the circuit control switch is arranged on the power supply circuit between the power supply and the image processing display module and between the power supply and the image acquisition device and is used for controlling the on-off of each power supply circuit.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top plate and the four side plates are light-weight, coated, transparent plates.
3. The apparatus for measuring a green field in three dimensions as claimed in claim 1 wherein said top plate and four side plates are rectangular and said housing is a cuboid.
4. The device for measuring and calculating the three-dimensional green volume of a grass square according to claim 1, wherein the edges of the top plate and the four side plates are provided with splicing structures, each splicing structure consists of a groove in the edge of the top plate and a tooth-shaped port formed by convex-shaped connecting points in the edges of the side plates, the grooves are in matched clamping connection with the tooth-shaped ports, and the top plate and the four side plates are spliced and combined through the splicing structures.
5. The apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional green quantity of a grass square according to claim 1, wherein four image capturing devices are installed at the middle and lower portions of the four side panels, respectively, and one image capturing device is installed at the middle portion of the top plate.
6. The apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional green quantity of a grass square according to claim 1, wherein the scale marks are colored scale marks and the scale range is 0-50 cm.
7. A method for measuring a three-dimensional green quantity of a grass square, which is applied to the apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional green quantity of a grass square according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, calculating the density of the grassland style:
the processor extracts image pixels based on an image acquired by the image acquisition device, calculates the value of ExG through an ultragreen index formula ExG-2G-R-B, and determines the maximum value and the minimum value of the ExG, wherein the ExG represents an ultragreen index, G represents the pixel value of a green part in the image, R represents the pixel value of a red part in the image, and B represents the pixel value of a blue part in the image;
after calculation, converting the color image into an ExG gray scale image, obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of ExG in the image, then taking the absolute value of the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value as the threshold value of the gray scale value in the image, and obtaining the density of the grassland sample through binarization processing;
s2, calculating the height of the grassland style: establishing a coordinate system for the pixel image to obtain the maximum value of the corresponding ordinate on each abscissa in the image, and calculating the average value of the maximum values in each image to obtain the height of the grassland sample;
s3, calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample: substituting the data into calculation through a three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula to obtain the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland sample; the three-dimensional green quantity calculation formula is as follows:
G＝H×D×S
in the formula, G represents the three-dimensional green quantity value, H represents the height of the grassland sample, D represents the density of the grassland sample, S represents the area size of the sample, and the size of the sample area is consistent with the top plate area.
8. The method for measuring the three-dimensional green quantity of a grassy square according to claim 7, wherein the step S1 of obtaining the density of the grassy square by binarization comprises:
when the gray value of the pixel is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 1; when the gray value of a pixel is less than or equal to a threshold value, the pixel is regarded as 0, the pixel is divided into 1 and 0 different areas after threshold processing, the 1 area is set as a white area, the 0 area is set as a black area, the percentage of the black and white area of the binary image is calculated after processing, the white area corresponds to the grass part in the grassland sample, and the percentage of the white area is regarded as the density of the grassland sample.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step S2 of calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassy area comprises establishing a coordinate system for the pixel images, obtaining the maximum value of the corresponding ordinate on each abscissa in the images, and calculating the average value of the maximum values in each image, and the step S2 of calculating the height of the grassy area comprises:
s201, in the received image data, comparing the scale marks to obtain a height observation value of the grassland in the grassland sample, and if no grassland grows in a part of the sample, determining the height observation value as 0;
s202, in the pixel image of the step S1, a grassland observation image of one surface is selected, and each pixel is regarded as a coordinate point Qi(xi，yi) And read all QiThen at each same xiUp looking for the corresponding yiMaximum value y inmaxAssuming a total of n such points, this can then be followed by the formula
Figure FDA0003413029500000031
Calculating the average value of the grass height of the surface;
s203, after the average value of the grass height of one face is obtained, the average values of the grass heights of the other three sides are sequentially obtained according to the method, the average values of the grass heights of the four faces are obtained again, and the average value is regarded as the height of the grass square in the subsequent calculation process.
10. The method of measuring a grassy square three-dimensional green quantity according to claim 7, further comprising:
and step S4, after the processor calculates the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland square through the steps S1-S3, the three-dimensional green quantity of the grassland square is transmitted to a display screen in the module in real time for display, so that the grassland square can be conveniently viewed by a user.
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