CN114183528B

CN114183528B - Tesla valve type opposite impact type self-sealing structure

Info

Publication number: CN114183528B
Application number: CN202111412909.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王衍; 谢雪非; 徐慧; 孔康杰; 黄周鑫; 胡琼
Original assignee: Jiangsu Ocean University
Current assignee: Jiangsu Ocean University
Priority date: 2021-11-25
Filing date: 2021-11-25
Publication date: 2023-01-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-25
Also published as: CN114183528A

Abstract

The invention discloses a Tesla valve type opposite-impact self-sealing structure which comprises a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a suspension column part, wherein the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are matched with the suspension column part to form a passive fluid structure, the passive fluid structure comprises a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at two ends, a plurality of Tesla valve cores are arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the structure of each Tesla valve core is divided into two paths, one path is inclined, the other path is bent into a semi-ring and returns to an inclined path, and the suspension column is positioned between the semi-loop and the inclined path; the technical characteristics of the invention can make the capacity of blocking/isolating the leakage channel stronger and simpler, no additional movable and acting part (depending on a rotating shaft) is needed, and the flow resistance in the leakage channel is greatly improved by utilizing the mutual opposite flushing of internal fluid.

Description

Tesla valve type opposite impact type self-sealing structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sealing, and particularly relates to a Tesla valve type opposite impact self-sealing structure.

Background

The essence of sealing is to prevent mass exchange (leakage) between the sealed space and the surrounding medium, and the sealing means or technical methods mainly include the following:

(1) Blocking or isolating leakage paths

Various static seals using sealing gaskets, sealants, i.e., adhesives, and dynamic seals using soft-mix seals are classified as such, i.e., barriers are provided in the leakage path to cut off the leakage path.

(2) By permanent or semi-permanent connections

Mainly comprises the formation of permanent or semi-permanent connections by welding, soldering or by means of adhesives, etc., which are commonly used in static seals.

(3) Introduction or injection

The leakage of the sealed medium is prevented by introducing the leakage fluid back into the suction chamber or suction side, which is generally at low pressure, or by injecting a fluid harmless to the sealing fluid into the sealing chamber, such as suction seals, buffer seals, etc.

(4) Adding a working element in the channel

After the acting element is additionally arranged, the acting element can apply counter pressure to the leaked fluid during working, and the counter pressure is partially offset or completely balanced (equal in size and opposite in direction) with the pressure difference causing leakage so as to prevent medium leakage, such as centrifugal (pumping) sealing and spiral sealing.

(5) Increasing flow resistance in leakage channels

The medium will encounter resistance to leakage through the leakage path, the flow resistance being proportional to the length of the leakage path and inversely proportional to the equivalent radius of leakage passing to the 4 (laminar) or 3 (molecular) power. Such as gasket seals, labyrinth seals, clearance seals, etc.

(6) Combination of several sealing forms

Two or more sealing forms are combined together to realize sealing, such as packing-labyrinth seal, spiral-packing seal, labyrinth-floating ring seal and the like.

(7) Other sealings

Seals based on other mechanisms or forms of construction, such as magnetic fluid seals, closed seals, brush seals, fingertip seals, and the like.

The object of the present invention is to propose a new sealing structure which is not completely identical to the 7 technical methods described above, or which allows the performance of one or more of the above-described sealing forms to be significantly improved and improved according to the technical methods described above.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to design a Tesla valve type opposite impact type self-sealing structure to meet medium sealing requirements under various working conditions. The invention is characterized in that the problems of complex traditional sealing structure and redundant auxiliary system can be solved, based on the passive fluid control principle and the one-way conduction characteristic of the Tesla valve, the two-dimensional structure is expanded from plane flow to three-dimensional tubular channel flow, the one-way conduction characteristic is upgraded and used for one-way (high pressure side to low pressure side) leakage inhibition of sealing, and the self-sealing of the system can be realized through the opposite flow of sealing medium in a flow channel and a simple air supply system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a tesla valve formula is from seal structure to towards type, seal structure includes first sealing ring, second sealing ring and suspension post part, seal structure includes the fluid entry and the fluid outlet at both ends, be equipped with a plurality of groups tesla case between fluid entry and the fluid outlet, the structure of tesla case divides into two the tunnel, is the slope all the way, and on the other way bending becomes the semi-ring and gets back to the slope, the suspension post is located between semi-loop and the slope way.

Preferably, the suspension column is of a ring structure and is fixed on the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring through a built-in screw or a stud.

Preferably, the first sealing ring may be a sealing end cap or a housing, and the second sealing ring may be a bushing or directly placed on the shaft.

Preferably, the tesla valve cores are arranged in a combination mode of one or more of a step mode, a horizontal mode, a continuous mode, an interrupted mode, a spiral mode and an alternate mode.

Preferably, the contact surface of the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is designed into a concave part and a convex part, and the two sealing rings form the internal shape of the Tesla valve core when combined.

Preferably, the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is additionally provided with a blocking air channel or/and a vent channel, and the blocking air channel or/and the vent channel is communicated with the Tesla valve core channel.

Preferably, a step-by-step self-pressurization medium channel is further arranged between the body of the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring and the tesla valve core inside the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring.

The technical scheme can obtain the following beneficial effects:

the technical characteristics of the invention can make the capacity of blocking/isolating the leakage channel stronger and simpler, no additional movable and acting part (depending on a rotating shaft) is needed, and the flow resistance in the leakage channel is greatly improved by utilizing the mutual opposite flushing of internal fluid.

(1) Simultaneously suitable for dynamic and static sealing

The seals can be divided into two major categories, static seals between relatively stationary interfaces and dynamic seals between relatively moving interfaces, depending on the relative motion between the seal components. The general dynamic sealing technology can be suitable for static sealing, the static sealing can not be used for dynamic sealing, the cost of the dynamic sealing is higher than that of the static sealing, and the dynamic sealing such as glue sealing, gasket sealing and the like is only suitable for static sealing under static working conditions and can not be used for dynamic sealing occasions with certain pressure and rotating speed. After reasonable calculation and optimization, the invention can be used for static sealing and dynamic sealing.

(2) Simple structure and smart design

A fixed Tesla valve structure (shown in figure 1) is formed by the half loop, the inclined path and the suspension column, when the reverse flow occurs, the inclined path collides with the fluid of the half loop to generate an impact push-back effect, and low leakage or zero leakage of a sealing medium can be realized under the conditions of a multi-stage valve core structure and no other movable parts.

(3) Without other auxiliary sealing and complex flow supply system

The invention can realize the sealing function and requirement of the whole system only depending on the structure when the pressure is not high, and does not need to be assisted by complex parking sealing, gas/liquid supply devices and the like, thereby having simple system. When the working conditions such as pressure and the like are higher, the sealing gas supply system can be simply added by increasing the number of stages.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tesla valve structure.

Fig. 2 is a view showing a structure of a horizontal type seal.

Fig. 3 is a view showing the structure of the stepped seal.

Fig. 4 is a block seal configuration.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a structure of a stopper-vent type seal.

Fig. 6 is a view of a radially expanded occluding seal.

Figure 7 is a view of a radially deployed combined stopper-vent seal.

Fig. 8 is a structure view of a stepwise self-pressurizing medium passage.

In the figure:

in the figure: 1. a first seal ring; 2. a suspension post; 3. a second seal ring; 4. a shaft; 5. blocking the gas passage; 6. and (5) emptying the channel.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in fig. 1-7, a tesla valve type opposite-impact self-sealing structure comprises a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a suspension column part, wherein the sealing structure comprises a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet at two ends, a plurality of tesla valve cores are arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the structure of each tesla valve core is divided into two paths, one path is inclined, the other path is bent into a semi-ring and returns to an inclined path, and the suspension column is positioned between the semi-ring and the inclined path; the suspension column is of an annular structure and is fixed on the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring through a built-in screw or a stud; the first sealing ring can be a sealing end cover or a shell, and the second sealing ring can be a shaft sleeve or directly arranged on the shaft; the plurality of Tesla valve cores are arranged in one or more combination modes of step shape, horizontal shape, continuous shape, discontinuous shape, spiral shape and alternation; the contact surface of the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is designed into a concave part and a convex part; the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is additionally provided with a blocking air channel or/and a vent channel, and the blocking air channel or/and the vent channel is communicated with the Tesla valve core channel. And a step-by-step self-pressurizing medium channel is also arranged between the body of the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring and the Tesla valve core inside the body.

Principle analysis:

the traditional mechanical seal at least comprises a pair of devices which are perpendicular to the end face of the rotation axis, keep fit and relatively slide under the action of the fluid pressure and the elastic force (or magnetic force) of the compensating mechanism and the matching of the auxiliary seal, and prevent fluid leakage. The rotating sealing ring is a moving ring, and the static sealing ring is a static ring.

The invention is based on a Tesla valve core structure formed by a half loop, an inclined path and a suspension column, and pushes gas to flow by utilizing a space structure, so that the one-way conduction characteristic of fluid can be realized without inputting energy, the difference between the forward flow (from right to left) and the reverse flow (from right to left) of the fluid is great, the fluid can bypass all wing-shaped (semi-ring) obstacles during the forward flow so as to smoothly flow from the right to the left, and the acceleration effect is obtained due to the flow pressure; however, if the fluid flows in the reverse direction, the fluid will enter a wing-shaped (semi-ring) barrier upwards/downwards every time the fluid passes through a channel, and the backflow will cause the flow to generate a blocking and hedging effect, increase the pressure head and prevent the fluid from flowing forwards. And the more wing-shaped (semi-ring) obstacles are, the greater the resistance of the fluid to be pushed forward is, thereby creating a one-way conduction effect. The resistance difference between the forward flow and the reverse flow can reach 200 times, if the wing-shaped (semi-ring) channels are enough, the structure can accelerate the fluid to supersonic speed, and when the flow in the reverse direction flows, the pressure head of the wing-shaped (semi-ring) obstacle area is increased, and a plurality of groups of backflow pressure areas are established step by step to form a fluid blocking effect. Based on the characteristic, the reconstruction of the sealed three-dimensional structure is assisted, the two-dimensional Tesla valve structure is expanded from plane flow to three-dimensional tubular channel flow, and the one-way conduction characteristic is upgraded to be used for one-way (high-pressure side to low-pressure side) leakage suppression of the seal. The passive fluid blocking mechanism is creatively provided, the contradiction constraint that the traditional mechanical seal cannot give consideration to non-contact and a simple structure is broken through, and a new direction is opened up for further simplifying the sealing structure and realizing the novel self-sealing with zero abrasion and low leakage.

Example 1: horizontal and step type sealing structure

As shown in figure 1, the rotary shaft and the corresponding rotary room do not contain other additional movable parts, and mainly comprise a 1-first sealing ring, a 2-suspension column, a 3-second sealing ring and a 4-shaft. The outer ring can be a sealing end cover or a shell, the inner ring can be a shaft sleeve or directly arranged on the shaft, and the suspension columns can be fixed on the inner ring or the outer ring through built-in screws or double-end studs. The inner ring and the outer ring corresponding to one suspension column are called as a Tesla valve core, and researches show that the more Tesla valve cores are, the stronger the fluid blocking effect is, the better the leakage inhibiting effect is, and the larger the axial size is. Meanwhile, the sizes of the inner ring and the outer ring of the structure shown in FIG. 2 are interfered, so that the assembly is inconvenient, after improvement, as shown in FIG. 3, each Tesla valve core is designed into a step shape, the axial joint surface of the original sealing ring can be changed into an inclined joint surface, at least one Tesla valve core in each step can be adjusted according to the size or assembly and other factors, and the problem of size interference of the inner ring and the outer ring during assembly is directly solved.

Example 2: blocking type sealing structure

Fig. 4 is a block type seal structure diagram, which can prevent the sealed air from leaking to the atmosphere, and when the sealed air is dirty, a labyrinth seal for sealing the left end should be added. Then, filtered clean and high-pressure blocking gas (sealing gas or other high-pressure buffer gas) is led out from the outlet of the gas compressor, the pressure of the gas is slightly higher than that of the sealed gas, the gas is directly connected into the blocking gas channel 5 shown in the figure, and the gas is accelerated by the multiple groups of tesla valve core structures on the left side to cause the blocking gas to flow towards the direction of the sealed gas, so that the dirty sealed gas is prevented from entering the sealing cavity, partial blocking gas passes through the multiple groups of tesla valve core structures on the right side, the gas pressure and the flow are effectively reduced, and finally, only a small part of blocking gas is leaked into the atmosphere. The structure is suitable for occasions with low pressure, small amount of blocking gas entering the machine and sealing medium leakage into the environment.

Example 3: blocking-emptying combined sealing structure

Fig. 5 is a structure of a block-vent combined seal structure, which is additionally provided with a vent passage on the basis of a block seal structure, and after the block air passage 5 is injected, the functions of a plurality of groups of tesla valve cores on the left side are the same as those of the embodiment 2; the right multistage tesla valve core structure reduces the pressure to the pressure of a flare discharge, and the pressure is discharged to the flare or a vent channel 6 from a pipe opening, the left tesla valve core group of the vent channel bears the functions of reducing the pressure and leakage, and the right tesla valve core group is used as a safety seal and actually operates under the condition of no pressure difference. The structure is suitable for occasions with higher pressure, and can strictly prevent sealed gas from leaking into the atmosphere.

The structure is a sealing structure which is axially arranged, if the pressure of a sealing medium is higher, the more the number of the required Tesla valve cores is, the overlarge axial space is required, and the structure can be further designed into the following structural form for effectively reducing the axial required space.

Example 4: radially expanded blocking seal

Fig. 6 shows a radially deployed occluding structure. The Tesla valve core structure is designed to be in multi-stage step type radial arrangement, and the final rotating part is of an internal structure of a combined structure. The structure effectively utilizes the radial space, is suitable for occasions with limited axial space, rich radial space and higher pressure, and the plurality of Tesla valve cores are arranged in a step-type circuitous mode.

Based on the above example 4: based on the structure shown in fig. 6, if the leakage of the sealing medium is strictly prohibited, a vent channel can be further arranged, so that the overall assembly of the device is facilitated, and the structure is designed as shown in fig. 7, namely, a radial expansion blocking-vent combined type sealing structure. The structure further increases the sealing torch and the vent, and can effectively prevent the sealing medium from leaking to the atmosphere side.

Example 5: step-by-step self-pressurization type sealing structure

As shown in fig. 8, the sealing structure is composed of a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a suspension column, a high-pressure sealing medium at the side end of the medium is directly introduced into a tesla valve core at a certain level or each level, wherein a medium channel can be designed into a plurality of branches according to actual requirements and is respectively connected into corresponding tesla valve cores, the tracks of the branches are arc-shaped, straight lines or L-shaped, the branches can be led into inclined paths or semi-annular paths of the tesla valve cores, and the medium is introduced into the structure to further increase the opposite impact blocking sealing effect.

The invention is based on the Tesla valve structure blocking sealing technology, when fluid flows in a flow channel, the fluid passes through a primary valve core, and the fluid is subjected to internal mutual impact of one fluid pulse, so that energy, flow speed, pressure and the like are mutually consumed in the fluid, namely the Tesla valve one-way conduction characteristic is realized. The sealing structure is simple in component, does not contain extra movable parts, belongs to non-contact mechanical sealing, does not have solid-phase direct contact, has low power consumption and low abrasion characteristic, and the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are rigidly fixed, so that the axial/radial vibration resistance of the sealing pair can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the Tesla valve type opposite-impact self-sealing structure is different from fluid dynamic pressure non-contact type sealing such as centrifugal sealing and spiral sealing, the sealing capability of the power sealing is lost when the speed is low or the power sealing is stopped, and the leakage amount requirement can be met only by auxiliary sealing, so that the structure of the power sealing is complicated. The tesla valve type opposite flushing type self-sealing structure can realize pulse offset of internal fluid by means of a special structure, does not depend on the rotating speed of a main shaft, does not need additional auxiliary sealing, and greatly simplifies the whole structure.

The above description is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the appended claims to cover all modifications of the invention which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a tesla valve formula is from seal structure to recoil type which characterized in that: the sealing structure comprises a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a suspension column part, the sealing structure comprises a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet which are arranged at two ends, a plurality of Tesla valve cores are arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the structure of each Tesla valve core is divided into two paths, one path is inclined, the other path is bent into a semi-ring and returns to an inclined path, and the suspension column is positioned between the semi-ring and the inclined path;

the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is also additionally provided with a blocking air channel or/and a venting channel, and the blocking air channel or/and the venting channel is communicated with the Tesla valve core channel;

the suspension column is of an annular structure and is fixed on the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring through a built-in screw or a stud; the first sealing ring can be a sealing end cover or a shell, and the second sealing ring can be a shaft sleeve or directly arranged on the shaft; the contact surface of the first sealing ring or the second sealing ring is designed as a recess and a projection.

2. A tesla valve type hedging type self-sealing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the Tesla valve cores are arranged in one or more combination modes of step shape, horizontal shape, continuous shape, discontinuous shape, spiral shape and alternation.

3. A tesla valve type recoil self sealing structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a step-by-step self-pressurizing medium channel is also arranged between the sealing structure and the Tesla valve core inside the sealing structure.