CN114182275A - Underwater drag reduction surface with gas generation and gas capture alternative structure and preparation method - Google Patents
Underwater drag reduction surface with gas generation and gas capture alternative structure and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182275A CN114182275A CN202111389172.9A CN202111389172A CN114182275A CN 114182275 A CN114182275 A CN 114182275A CN 202111389172 A CN202111389172 A CN 202111389172A CN 114182275 A CN114182275 A CN 114182275A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
Abstract
The invention provides an underwater drag reduction surface with a gas generation and capture alternative structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the drag reduction surface comprises a matrix, the matrix is used as a cathode when the matrix is electrolyzed in a solution, the solution can generate gas when the solution is electrolyzed, and the gas is generated at the matrix; the gas curtain is characterized in that the substrate is a copper-nickel porous foam film, a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films are fixed on the substrate, a gap is formed between every two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films, the biaxially oriented polypropylene films are used for capturing bubbles formed by gas, and a plurality of bubbles form a gas curtain. The invention takes the copper-nickel porous foam film as the working electrode to carry out electrolysis on the electrolyte to realize self-generating gas, the biaxially oriented polypropylene film realizes the capture of the gas, and the captured gas bubbles form a gas curtain, thereby reducing the resistance of the fluid to the navigation body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater drag reduction surfaces, in particular to an underwater drag reduction surface with a gas generation and capture alternating structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
According to theoretical reasoning, under the condition of certain power and energy, if the resistance is reduced by 10%, the cruising speed and the range of the underwater vehicle can be simultaneously increased by about 3.57%. Therefore, underwater drag reduction research is imperative as a way to save energy consumption.
Research on drag reduction dates back to the 30's of the 20 th century, but the initial work was primarily to reduce surface roughness, with the implicit assumption that the smoother the surface the less drag. Until 1990, researchers have uncovered the mysterious effect that dew could roll on lotus leaves, the "lotus leaf effect". The lotus leaf surface is not smooth, the surface is provided with mastoids with a micron structure, and each mastoid surface is also provided with a nano structure formed by waxy crystals. The liquid drop on the hydrophobic surface mainly has two contact conditions, one is wetting contact, namely the liquid drop fills the pits on the rough surface to form a completely wetted surface, which is also called Wenzel contact; the other is compound contact, i.e. the droplets do not fill their surface pits, but only on top of the rough protrusions, also called Cassie contact. By the inspiration of the lotus effect, researchers analyze through a large number of scientific experiments and numerical simulation technologies, and therefore find that stable air pockets exist in the Cassie-state microstructure in an enclosed mode, when hydrophilic fluid flows through a hydrophobic wall surface, an air film layer can be generated, the hydrophobic surface can bind the air film layer under water, part of a solid-liquid contact interface is converted into a gas-liquid contact interface, and speed slippage is generated on the gas-liquid interface to achieve drag reduction.
The application of hydrophobic/superhydrophobic surfaces to fluid drag reduction is an emerging drag reduction technology that has emerged in recent decades. The research theory for the hydrophobic/super-hydrophobic surface drag reduction technology currently and generally adopts a wall surface slippage model proposed by Navier. The theory of 'sliding length' considers that wall surface sliding is generated when fluid flows through the hydrophobic surface, so that the velocity gradient on the boundary is reduced, the shearing force on the boundary is reduced, the transition of the laminar flow attachment surface flow state is delayed due to the reduction of the velocity gradient on the boundary, the flow state of the attachment surface laminar flow is more stable, the thickness of the laminar flow boundary layer is increased, and the resistance reduction effect is generated by the combined action of the factors.
For the above-mentioned drag reduction of hydrophobic surfaces, there are currently four main ways: (1) and wall surface heat exchange. The liquid drop is heated to be changed into vapor drop, namely, the liquid drop can reach Cassie state by heating no matter the initial state of the liquid drop is Cassie state or Wenzel state, thereby realizing drag reduction. But the application of this approach is limited and energy consumption is large. (2) Electrolyzing water to supplement air. The method is mainly based on the geometric requirement of successful gas diffusion, a hydrophobic microstructure is constructed on the surface of a black silicon substrate with a hydrophobic nano structure and a contact angle larger than 175 degrees, microstructures of different asphalt and gas components are drawn on the surface of the hydrophobic microstructure by using photoresist, and then 2% of Teflon is spin-coated. The gold sheet manufactured by the steps is used as a cathode, an underwater copper wire is used as an anode for electrolysis, and a dynamic recyclable air curtain is generated, so that underwater drag reduction is realized. This approach is also the first approach used for drag reduction underwater. However, the structure design of the mode is complex, the theoretical and technical basic requirements on the micro electrode are high, and the energy consumption is large. (3) Local pressure regulation. Under the condition of no external force, the Cassie state and the Wenzel state cannot be mutually converted, but the Cassie state can be converted into reversible conversion of the nano Cassie state and the micro Cassie state by adjusting local pressure, so that the resistance reduction is realized. However, this method is limited in application and is not suitable for a wide range of applications. (4) And (4) artificial ventilation. This approach needs to be done in a specially made partially enclosed space. A large amount of air is injected into the hydrophobic surface through the injection pump, and an air curtain is formed by capturing a large amount of air through the hydrophobic surface. However, this method requires continuous introduction of a large amount of air, which is energy-intensive.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the underwater drag reduction surface with the gas generation and capture alternative structure and the preparation method are provided.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
an underwater drag-reducing surface having an alternating gas-producing and gas-trapping structure, the drag-reducing surface comprising a substrate, the substrate acting as a cathode when the substrate is electrolyzed in a solution, the solution being a solution capable of producing a gas upon electrolysis and the gas being produced at the substrate;
the substrate is a copper-nickel porous foam film, a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films (BOPP) are fixed on the substrate, a gap is formed between every two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films, the biaxially oriented polypropylene films are used for capturing bubbles formed by gas, and a plurality of bubbles form an air curtain under the negative mass attraction principle, so that a solid-liquid contact interface is changed into a gas-liquid contact interface, the friction resistance is reduced, and the underwater drag reduction effect is realized.
Furthermore, the aperture of the substrate is 60-100 μm, and the thickness of the substrate is 50-100 μm.
Further, the thickness of the biaxially oriented polypropylene film is 0.02 mm-0.06 mm.
Further, the biaxially oriented polypropylene film is in an isosceles triangle shape.
Further, the distance between two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films and the thickness of the films can be adjusted as required, so that underwater drag reduction in different degrees and different environments can be realized.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the underwater drag reduction surface with the gas generation and capture alternative structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a copper sheet as a working electrode;
(2) with 0.5-1.0M of NiSO4·6H2O, 0.01-0.05M CuSO4·5H2O，1.5-2.0M H2SO4Performing three-system electrochemical deposition on the working electrode by using 1-1.5M HCL as electrolyte, 3M KCL as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as a counter electrode to obtain the matrix;
(3) and adhering a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films to the substrate, wherein a gap is formed between two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films, so as to obtain the drag reduction surface.
Further, in the process of carrying out three-system electrochemical deposition on the working electrode, 1-3A/cm is adopted2Current density of (d); the deposition time is 100-2000 s.
The principle of drag reduction of the invention is mainly as follows: the copper-nickel porous foam film realizes the condition of electrolytic solution self-generating gas, and then realizes the capture of gas through a structure of gas generation and gas capture which are mutually alternated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the copper-nickel porous foam film adopted by the invention is used as an electrode for generating gas by using an electrolytic solution, and has the characteristics of low cost, uniform and stable generated gas and capability of realizing continuous self-supply of the gas;
2. the invention can realize underwater drag reduction in different degrees and different environments by changing the control of the space and the thickness of the BOPP;
3. the invention has low manufacturing cost and maintenance cost.
Based on the reason, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of underwater drag reduction and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an underwater drag reduction surface structure with an alternate gas generation and gas capture structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a substrate topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an air curtain formed in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an underwater drag reduction surface with an alternative gas generation and gas capture structure comprises a substrate, wherein the substrate is electrolyzed in a solution, the substrate is used as a cathode, the solution is a solution capable of generating gas during electrolysis, and gas is generated at the substrate;
the solution may be an alkaline solution, such as a potassium hydroxide solution, which, during electrolysis, generates hydrogen gas at the substrate.
The solution may be a neutral solution, such as a sodium sulfate solution, which, during electrolysis, generates hydrogen gas at the substrate.
The matrix is a copper-nickel porous foam film 1 (shown in figure 2), a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films (BOPP)2 are fixed on the copper-nickel porous foam film 1, a gap is formed between every two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films 2, the biaxially oriented polypropylene films 2 are used for capturing bubbles formed by gas, and the bubbles form an air curtain (shown in figure 3) under the principle of negative mass attraction, so that a solid-liquid contact interface is changed into a gas-liquid contact interface, the friction resistance is reduced, and the underwater drag reduction effect is realized.
The aperture of the copper-nickel porous foam film 1 is 60-100 mu m, and the thickness of the copper-nickel porous foam film 1 is 50-100 mu m.
The thickness of the biaxial stretching polypropylene film 2 is 0.02 mm-0.06 mm.
The biaxially oriented polypropylene film 2 is in an isosceles triangle shape.
The distance between two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films 2 and the thickness thereof can be adjusted according to requirements so as to realize underwater drag reduction in different degrees and different environments.
Vortex damage experiments are carried out on the drag reduction surface, a magnetic stirrer carries out vortex stirring on the solution at the speed of 200r/min, and the adhesion and spreading conditions of bubbles are not influenced.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for preparing an underwater drag reduction surface with an alternate gas generation and gas capture structure comprises the following steps:
(1) the pure copper sheet is cut into a rectangle with the thickness of 15mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 0.2mm, and is polished to be bright by using 1000#, 2000#, 3000# abrasive paper to be used as a working electrode.
(2) 0.5-1.0M (mol/L) of NiSO4·6H2O, 0.01-0.05M CuSO4·5H2O, 1.5-2.0M H2SO41-1.5M HCL is used as electrolyte, a cylindrical platinum wire with the diameter of 0.5mm is used as a counter electrode, 3M KCL is used as a reference electrode, and 1-2A/cm2The current density of the copper-nickel porous foam film is used for carrying out three-system electrochemical deposition on the working electrode, the deposition time is 100-150 s, and the copper-nickel porous foam film 1 (shown in figure 2) with the aperture of 60-100 mu m and the thickness of 50-100 mu m is obtained and is used as a substrate for underwater drag reduction and self-gas production.
(3) Modifying the substrate 1, pasting the biaxially oriented polypropylene film 2 subjected to high-voltage corona treatment on the copper-nickel porous foam film 1, and forming a gap between two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films 2 to obtain the drag reduction surface. The biaxially oriented polypropylene film 2 is an isosceles triangle with a base of 2 mm.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An underwater drag reduction surface with a gas generation and capture alternating structure, characterized in that the drag reduction surface comprises a substrate, the substrate is used as a cathode when the substrate is electrolyzed in a solution, the solution is a solution capable of generating gas when electrolyzed, and gas is generated at the substrate;
the gas curtain is characterized in that the substrate is a copper-nickel porous foam film, a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films are fixed on the substrate, a gap is formed between every two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films, the biaxially oriented polypropylene films are used for capturing bubbles formed by gas, and a plurality of bubbles form a gas curtain.
2. The underwater drag reduction surface with an alternate gas generation and gas capture structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pore diameter on the substrate is 60 μm to 100 μm, and the thickness of the substrate is 50 μm to 100 μm.
3. The underwater drag reducing surface with alternating gas production and gas capture structures of claim 1 wherein the biaxially oriented polypropylene film has a thickness of 0.02mm to 0.06 mm.
4. The underwater drag reducing surface of claim 1 where the biaxially oriented polypropylene film is isosceles triangular in shape.
5. The method for preparing the underwater drag reduction surface with the gas generation and capture alternative structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a copper sheet as a working electrode;
(2) with 0.5-1.0M of NiSO4·6H2O, 0.01-0.05M CuSO4·5H2O, 1.5-2.0M H2SO41-1.5M HCL as electrolyte and 3M KCL as electrolyteThe reference electrode is used for carrying out three-system electrochemical deposition on the working electrode by taking a platinum wire as a counter electrode to obtain the matrix;
(3) and adhering a plurality of biaxially oriented polypropylene films on the substrate, wherein a gap is formed between two adjacent biaxially oriented polypropylene films, so as to obtain the drag reduction surface.
6. The method for preparing the underwater drag reduction surface with the gas generation and capture alternative structure according to claim 5, wherein 1-3A/cm is adopted in the process of carrying out three-system electrochemical deposition on the working electrode2Current density of (d); the deposition time is 100-2000 s.
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