CN114181791A - Device and method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 261
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical group CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003849 solvent resist ant nanofiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 137
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013532 brandy Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000282866 Euchlaena mexicana Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004935 solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/14—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine with low alcohol content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
- C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
- C12H1/06—Precipitation by physical means, e.g. by irradiation, vibrations
- C12H1/063—Separation by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H3/00—Methods for reducing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverage to obtain low alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages
- C12H3/04—Methods for reducing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverage to obtain low alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages using semi-permeable membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H6/00—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol-content wine, wherein the device comprises a raw material tank, an intermediate tank, a filter membrane assembly and an alcohol permeable membrane assembly, an outlet of the raw material tank is connected with the filter membrane assembly, an outlet of a permeation side of the filter membrane assembly is connected with the intermediate tank, an outlet of a retentate side of the filter membrane assembly is connected with the raw material tank, the filter membrane assembly comprises a nanofiltration membrane or a decoloration membrane, an outlet of the intermediate tank is respectively connected with the raw material tank and the alcohol permeable membrane assembly through a valve, and an outlet of the retentate side of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly is connected with the intermediate tank. The method realizes a green extraction process, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation, safety, environmental protection, small wine loss, reliable flow, suitability for industrial production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wine brewing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine by a double-membrane method.
Background
In recent years, low-alcohol and non-alcohol drinks have seen a significant global growth trend. The low alcohol degree heat starts to appear as the sprout, and simultaneously more and more alcohol-free wine enters China. On the other hand, brandy is generally called as the soul of wine, is expensive, has few types of domestic brandy, can meet the pursuit of people on living quality due to the fashionable appearance and the connotation of white spirit, and becomes a substitute for white spirit consumption to some extent. Against this background, brandy will be brought to a completely new development era in the chinese market.
Patent CN109593619A proposes a system and method for simultaneously making alcohol-free wine and high-alcohol wine, the alcohol-free wine is made at about 40 ℃, the heat-sensitive substances in the wine base are damaged greatly, and the easily-oxidized components in the wine base are partially deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine by a double-membrane method. The colorless wine on the permeation side of the filter membrane is treated by adopting an alcohol-permeable membrane to form high-alcohol-content wine and alcohol-free water, and the alcohol-free water dilutes the colored wine on the residual side of the filter membrane to finally prepare the alcohol-free wine, so that the problems that heat-sensitive substances are easy to damage, and easily-oxidized components deteriorate and the like are solved. The method has the characteristics of simple and effective operation, safety, environmental protection, small wine loss, reliable process, suitability for industrial production and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine comprises a raw material tank, an intermediate tank, a filter membrane component and an alcohol permeable membrane component,
the outlet of the raw material tank is connected with the filter membrane component, the outlet of the permeation side of the filter membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank, the outlet of the retentate side of the filter membrane component is connected with the raw material tank, the filter membrane component comprises a nanofiltration membrane or a decoloration membrane,
the outlet of the intermediate tank is respectively connected with the raw material tank and the alcohol permeable membrane component through valves, and the outlet of the surplus side of the alcohol permeable membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank.
The filter membrane component can use a nanofiltration membrane or a decolorizing membrane, the concentration of ethanol in penetrating fluid after being filtered by the nanofiltration membrane is changed to a certain degree, and the decolorizing membrane has no interception effect on small molecules such as alcohols and alcohol-soluble flavor components such as esters, acids, ketones and the like, so that the alcoholic strength before and after the filter membrane is unchanged. And can be selected according to actual needs in specific applications.
Further, the base film of the decolorizing membrane is prepared by phase inversion of Polyethyleneimine (PEI), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and LiCl, the active layer of the decolorizing membrane is Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), and the decolorizing membrane further comprises a pore blocking layer between the base film and the active layer. The base membrane prepared by phase inversion of Polyethyleneimine (PEI), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and LiCl has higher permeation flux compared with the traditional PEI base membrane.
Further, the material of the hole blocking layer comprises gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
The decolorizing membrane is a beer decolorizing membrane. It can be used for decolorizing beer and wine.
Further, the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane module is connected with a high wine tank.
Further, a heater is arranged in front of an inlet of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly, and an outlet of the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly is connected with a condenser.
Further, the alcohol permeable membrane assembly is provided with a driving force by a vacuum pump.
Further, a circulating pump is arranged between the raw material tank and the filter membrane assembly or between the intermediate tank and the alcohol permeable membrane assembly.
Further, a pump is arranged between the intermediate tank and the raw material tank and used for conveying the alcohol permeable membrane retentate.
Furthermore, the nanofiltration membrane is a solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, and the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 200-700 daltons.
Further, the alcohol permeable membrane component adopts an anti-pollution pervaporation membrane which is a composite membrane preferentially permeable to organic matters, the composite membrane consists of a base membrane layer and an active layer, the base membrane layer consists of one or more of cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer consists of one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyloctylsiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide.
Preferably, the alcohol permeable membrane module or the filter membrane module is formed by connecting one membrane separator or at least two membrane separators in series, in parallel or in series and parallel.
Preferably, the type of the membrane separator of the alcohol permeable membrane module is roll type.
Preferably, the membrane separator of the membrane module is in the form of a tube.
The invention also provides a method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sending the raw wine into a filter membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the filter membrane assembly to the raw material tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining primary filtration retentate in the raw material tank; the primary filtration penetrating fluid obtained from the permeation side of the filter membrane component enters the intermediate tank;
(2) sending the primary filtered penetrating fluid into the alcohol permeable membrane module for separation, and refluxing liquid obtained at the retentate side of the alcohol permeable membrane module to the intermediate tank for circular separation to finally obtain primary alcohol permeable residual liquid in the intermediate tank; obtaining first high-alcohol wine from the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane module;
(3) and (3) sending the primary alcohol-permeable residual liquid from the intermediate tank to the raw material tank to be mixed with the primary filtering residual liquid to obtain the low-alcohol wine.
The alcohol content of the low-alcohol wine is low, but residual sugar, protein, amino acid, a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components and the like are all in the same place. If the alcohol-free wine is obtained by adding water for dilution, the taste of the alcohol-free wine is poor due to large water consumption for dilution. Therefore, the method of the invention can ensure that the concentrations of pigments and the like of the raw wine and the low-alcohol wine are not changed, and only reduce the content of the alcohol to the target range.
The filter membrane mainly intercepts pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids and a small amount of other macromolecular aroma components.
Preferably, the alcoholic strength of the raw wine in the step (1) is 8-13 degrees. The alcoholic strength of the first-height wine obtained in the step (2) is 35-45 degrees.
Preferably, the operating temperature of the filter membrane assembly is 0.5-25 ℃.
When the decolorizing membrane is used, the alcohol content of the raw wine, the filtered residual liquid and the filtered penetrating liquid is kept unchanged before and after the separation by the filter membrane component.
Preferably, the alcoholic strength of the primary alcohol-permeated retentate obtained in the step (2) is 0.1-0.3 °.
Preferably, the operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly are that the temperature is 40-45 ℃, the membrane surface flow rate is 0.1-0.6 m/s, and the vacuum degree is 2000-6000 Pa.
Preferably, the alcoholic strength of the low-alcohol wine is 4-6 degrees.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the primary filtered penetrating fluid to the wine base is 0.8-0.9: 1.
Preferably, the method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine further comprises the step (5):
(5) sending the low-alcohol wine into a filter membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the filter membrane assembly to the raw material tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining secondary filtration retentate in the raw material tank; the secondary filtration penetrating fluid obtained from the permeation side of the filter membrane component enters the intermediate tank;
sending the secondary filtered penetrating fluid into the alcohol permeable membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly to the intermediate tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid in the intermediate tank; obtaining second high-alcohol wine from the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane component;
and (3) sending the secondary alcohol-permeable residual liquid from the intermediate tank into the raw material tank to be mixed with the secondary filtration residual liquid or the primary alcohol-permeable residual liquid to obtain alcohol-free wine.
When alcohol-free wine is obtained, the specific mixing proportion of the secondary alcohol permeation residual liquid, the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the secondary filtration residual liquid can be prepared according to the actual product standard.
The first high alcohol wine obtained by the raw wine only treated in the steps (1) - (4) can meet the actual requirement, the alcohol content of the obtained low alcohol wine is often not low enough to meet the requirement of alcohol-free wine, and the alcohol-free wine obtained by the step (5) can further reduce the alcohol content to 0.1-0.5 degree while the taste of the wine is maintained.
And (4) obtaining the second-height wine processed in the step (5), wherein the alcoholic strength is 25-35 degrees.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the secondary filtered penetrating fluid to the low-alcohol wine in the step (5) is 0.7-0.85: 1.
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine by using a double-membrane method. The heat-sensitive substances in the wine base are mainly concentrated on the retentate side of the filter membrane, the permeate side is colorless and transparent, most of alcohols and alcohol-soluble flavor components in the permeate side are enriched on the permeate side of the membrane after the permeate liquid on the permeate side is treated by the alcohol-permeable membrane component, and the enriched high-alcohol wine is obtained on the permeate side; while the retentate is an alcohol-free aqueous solution. In the step (5), after the alcohol-free water is used for diluting the filtered residual liquid once, the filtered residual liquid passes through the filter membrane assembly again, the penetrating liquid of the filter membrane assembly is treated by the alcohol permeable membrane assembly, the penetrating liquid of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly is high-alcohol liquor with the alcohol degree of more than 25 degrees, and the residual liquid is alcohol-free water solution. Mixing the alcohol-free water obtained twice with the residual liquid of the filter membrane assembly (secondary filtration residual liquid) to reduce the alcohol content, and finally forming the alcohol-free wine with the alcohol content of less than 0.5 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a double-membrane method, namely a nanofiltration membrane or a combined technology of a decolorizing membrane and an alcohol permeable membrane to separate various substances of the wine base, and the alcohol-free wine is prepared by adopting the normal-temperature or low-temperature filter membrane, so that the damage to heat sensitive substances of the wine base is extremely small, and the deterioration of easily-oxidized components in the wine base is also prevented.
(2) The alcohol-free water on the residual side of the alcohol permeable membrane is used as water for diluting and reducing alcohol, no new component is introduced from the outside, the alcohol-free water is completely from the self fermentation of grains or fruits, the produced alcohol-free wine has fresh and natural taste and no water flavor, and the maximum resource utilization of the original wine is realized.
(3) The method avoids the use of organic solvents or other third-party substances, realizes a green extraction process, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation, safety, environmental protection, small wine loss, reliable flow, suitability for industrial production and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for preparing alcohol-free or high-alcohol liquor according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a raw material tank, 2 is a circulating pump, 3 is a filter membrane component, 4 is a pump, 5 is an intermediate tank, 6 is a circulating pump, 7 is a heater, 8 is an alcohol permeable membrane component, 9 is a condenser, 10 is a high wine tank, and 11 is a vacuum pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The device for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine as shown in figure 1 comprises a raw material tank, an intermediate tank, a filter membrane component and an alcohol permeable membrane component,
the outlet of the raw material tank is connected with the filter membrane component, the outlet of the permeation side of the filter membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank, the outlet of the retentate side of the filter membrane component is connected with the raw material tank, the filter membrane component comprises a nanofiltration membrane or a decoloration membrane,
the outlet of the intermediate tank is respectively connected with the raw material tank and the alcohol permeable membrane component through valves, and the outlet of the surplus side of the alcohol permeable membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank.
The base film of the decolorizing membrane is a composite base film of Polyethyleneimine (PEI), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and LiCl, the active layer of the decolorizing membrane is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) which are cross-linked by Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and the decolorizing membrane further comprises a pore blocking layer between the base film and the active layer.
The material of the hole blocking layer comprises gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
The decolorizing membrane is a beer decolorizing membrane. It can be used for decolorizing beer and wine.
And the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane component is connected with a high wine tank.
The heater is arranged in front of the inlet of the alcohol permeable membrane component, and the outlet of the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane component is connected with the condenser.
The alcohol permeable membrane assembly is driven by a vacuum pump.
And a circulating pump is arranged between the raw material tank and the filter membrane component or between the intermediate tank and the alcohol permeable membrane component.
And a pump is arranged between the intermediate tank and the raw material tank and used for conveying the alcohol-free water.
The nanofiltration membrane is a solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, and the molecular weight cutoff of the nanofiltration membrane is 200-700 daltons.
The alcohol permeable membrane component adopts an anti-pollution pervaporation membrane which is a composite membrane preferentially permeable to organic matters, the composite membrane consists of a base membrane layer and an active layer, the base membrane layer consists of one or more of cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer consists of one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyloctylsiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide.
Example 1
Separating wine base with alcohol content of 8 ° by filter membrane module at 0.5 deg.C, forming primary filtered penetrating liquid with alcohol content of 8.2 ° on penetrating side, forming primary filtered penetrating liquid with alcohol content of 7.2 ° on residual side, and making the weight of the primary filtered penetrating liquid/the weight of the wine base be 0.8. Separating the primary filtered penetrating fluid by pervaporation alcohol permeation membrane module, allowing alcohol and alcohol-soluble flavor components to permeate through the membrane preferentially, obtaining the first-degree wine with alcohol degree of 35 ° at the permeation side, and obtaining the primary alcohol permeation penetrating residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.1 ° at the residual side. And mixing and diluting the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the primary filtering residual liquid to form the low-alcohol wine with the alcoholic strength of 4 degrees.
Then the low alcohol wine is separated by a filter membrane component, finally a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 4.2 degrees is formed on the penetrating side, a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 3.5 degrees is formed on the residual side, and the weight of the secondary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the low alcohol wine is 0.7. Passing the secondary filtered penetrating fluid through alcohol permeable membrane module, wherein ethanol permeates the membrane preferentially, the second high-alcohol wine with alcohol degree of 25 ° is obtained at the penetrating side, and the secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.1 ° is obtained at the residual side. And mixing the alcohol permeable residual liquid obtained in the two steps and the secondary filtration residual liquid to reduce the alcohol degree, so as to form the finished alcohol-free wine with the alcohol degree of 0.1 degree.
The filter membrane component in this embodiment 1 adopts a tubular solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 200 daltons, and the filter permeate mainly intercepts pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids and a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components, and the ethanol concentration of the filter permeate is higher than that of the wine base. The pollution-resistant pervaporation roll-type membrane adopted by the alcohol permeable membrane component is a composite membrane which preferentially permeates alcohol-soluble substances such as alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and the like, and comprises a base membrane layer and an active layer, wherein the base membrane layer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer comprises polymethyl octyl siloxane, hexamethyldisilazane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide. The operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane component are that the temperature is 40 ℃, the flow rate of the membrane surface is 0.1m/s, and the vacuum degree is 6000 Pa.
Example 2
Separating wine base wine with alcoholicity of 12.5 ° by filter membrane module at 10 deg.C, forming primary filtered penetrating liquid with alcoholicity of 12.8 ° on penetrating side, forming primary filtered penetrating liquid with alcoholicity of 10.8 ° on residual side, and making the weight of primary filtered penetrating liquid/wine base weight be 0.85. Separating the primary filtered penetrating fluid by pervaporation alcohol permeation membrane module, allowing alcohol and alcohol-soluble flavor components to permeate membrane preferentially, obtaining first-degree wine with alcohol degree of 40 ° at permeation side, and obtaining primary alcohol permeation residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.2 ° at residual side. And mixing and diluting the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the primary filtering residual liquid to form the low-alcohol wine with the alcoholic strength of 5 degrees.
Then separating the low alcohol wine by a filter membrane component, forming a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 5.2 degrees on a penetration side, forming a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 4.2 degrees on a surplus side, wherein the weight of the secondary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the low alcohol wine is 0.8. And (3) passing the secondary filtered penetrating fluid through an alcohol permeable membrane module, obtaining second-height wine with the alcoholic strength of 30 degrees at the penetrating side, and obtaining secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid with the alcoholic strength of 0.1 degree at the residual side. And mixing the alcohol permeable residual liquid obtained in the two steps and the secondary filtration residual liquid to reduce the alcohol degree, so as to form the finished alcohol-free wine with the alcohol degree of 0.3 degree.
The nanofiltration membrane component in the embodiment 2 adopts a tubular solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 500 daltons, pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids and a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components are mainly intercepted, and the ethanol concentration of the filtered penetrating fluid is higher than that of the original wine. The anti-pollution pervaporation roll-type membrane adopted by the alcohol permeable membrane component is a composite membrane which preferentially permeates alcohol-soluble substances such as alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and the like, and consists of a base membrane layer and an active layer, wherein the base membrane layer consists of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the active layer consists of polydimethylsiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide. The operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane module are that the temperature is 42 ℃, the flow rate of the membrane surface is 0.3 m/s, and the vacuum degree is 5000 Pa.
Example 3
Separating wine base with alcoholicity of 13 ° by filter membrane module at 25 deg.C, forming primary filtered penetrating fluid with alcoholicity of 13.5 ° on penetration side, forming primary filtered penetrating fluid with alcoholicity of 8.5 ° on residual side, and making the weight of primary filtered penetrating fluid/wine base be 0.9. Separating the primary filtered penetrating fluid by pervaporation alcohol permeation membrane module, allowing alcohol and alcohol-soluble flavor components to permeate through the membrane preferentially, obtaining first-degree wine with alcohol degree of 45 ° at permeation side, and obtaining primary alcohol permeation penetrating residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.3 ° at residual side. And mixing and diluting the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the primary filtering residual liquid to form the low-alcohol wine with the alcohol degree of 6 degrees.
Then separating the low alcohol wine by a filter membrane component, forming a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 6.3 degrees on a penetration side, forming a secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 4.3 degrees on a surplus side, wherein the weight of the secondary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the low alcohol wine is 0.85. Passing the secondary filtered penetrating fluid through alcohol permeable membrane module, wherein ethanol permeates the membrane preferentially, the second high-alcohol wine with alcohol degree of 35 ° is obtained at the penetrating side, and the secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.1 ° is obtained at the residual side. And mixing the alcohol permeable residual liquid obtained in the two steps and the secondary filtration residual liquid to reduce the alcohol degree, so as to form the finished alcohol-free wine with the alcohol degree of 0.5 degree.
In this embodiment 3, the nanofiltration membrane module employs a tubular solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, the cut-off molecular weight of the nanofiltration membrane is 700 daltons, and the nanofiltration membrane mainly intercepts pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids, and a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components, and the ethanol concentration at the permeate side after filtration is higher than that of the wine base. The anti-pollution pervaporation roll-type membrane adopted by the alcohol permeable membrane component is a composite membrane which preferentially permeates alcohol-soluble substances such as alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and the like, and comprises a base membrane layer and an active layer, wherein the base membrane layer comprises cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer comprises polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide. The operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane module are that the temperature is 45 ℃, the flow rate of the membrane surface is 0.6m/s, and the vacuum degree is 2000 Pa.
Example 4
Dissolving PVA powder in hot water at 95 ℃ to prepare a PVA solution with the concentration of 8 percent; dissolving PAA powder in hot water of 90 ℃ to prepare a 3% PAA solution; mixing the two solutions according to the proportion of 1: 5, and stirring for 24 hours until the two solutions are uniformly mixed. And adding TEOS into the mixed solution, wherein TEOS accounts for 3% of the total amount of the solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the hydrophilic coating liquid. Mixing gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, water and ethanol according to the weight ratio of 15:35:50 to prepare the pore-plugging liquid. PEI, NMP and LiCl are prepared into a base membrane solution according to the weight ratio of 20:70:10, the base membrane solution is coated on the surface of non-woven fabric, and then the non-woven fabric is immersed into deionized water at 25 ℃ to prepare a base membrane. And immersing the basement membrane in the pore blocking liquid for 15min, and wiping the surface of the membrane. And then, the hydrophilic coating liquid is coated on the surface of the PEI base film in a slit extrusion coating mode, the extrusion amount of the solution is 1.5 mL/min, and the PEI base film is placed in an oven at 150 ℃ for interfacial polymerization reaction for 8 hours, so that the decolorizing film is obtained.
Separating wine base with the alcoholic strength of 13 degrees by a filter membrane component, wherein the operation temperature is 20 ℃, after the separation is finished, a primary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 13 degrees is formed on a penetration side, a primary filtration residual liquid with the alcoholic strength of 13 degrees is formed on a residual penetration side, and the weight of the primary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the wine base is 0.9. Separating the primary filtered penetrating fluid by a pervaporation alcohol permeation membrane module, obtaining first-height wine with the alcoholic strength of 45 degrees at a permeation side, and obtaining primary alcohol permeation residual liquid with the alcoholic strength of 0.3 degrees at a residual side. And mixing and diluting the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the primary filtering residual liquid to form the low-alcohol wine with the alcohol degree of 6 degrees.
Then separating the low alcohol wine by a filter membrane component, forming secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 6 degrees on the penetration side, forming secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 6 degrees on the surplus side, wherein the weight of the secondary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the low alcohol wine is 0.8. Passing the secondary filtered penetrating fluid through alcohol permeable membrane module, allowing ethanol to pass through the membrane preferentially, obtaining the second-height wine with alcohol degree of 30 ° at the penetrating side, and obtaining the secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid with alcohol degree of 0.1 ° at the residual side. And mixing the alcohol permeable residual liquid obtained in the two steps and the secondary filtration residual liquid to reduce the alcohol degree, so as to form the finished alcohol-free wine with the alcohol degree of 0.5 degree.
In this embodiment 4, the filter membrane assembly employs a tubular decolorizing membrane, which has a molecular weight cutoff of 200 daltons and mainly intercepts pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids and a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components. The anti-pollution pervaporation roll-type membrane adopted by the alcohol permeable membrane component is a composite membrane which preferentially permeates alcohol-soluble substances such as alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and the like, and comprises a base membrane layer and an active layer, wherein the base membrane layer comprises cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer comprises polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide. The operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane module are that the temperature is 45 ℃, the flow rate of the membrane surface is 0.6m/s, and the vacuum degree is 2000 Pa.
Example 5
Dissolving PVA powder in hot water at 85 ℃ to prepare 5% PVA solution; dissolving PAA powder in hot water of 90 ℃ to prepare a 1% PAA solution; mixing the two solutions according to the proportion of 1:1, and stirring for 36 hours until the two solutions are uniformly mixed. And adding TEOS into the mixed solution, wherein TEOS accounts for 1% of the total amount of the solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the hydrophilic coating liquid. Mixing gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, water and ethanol according to the weight ratio of 10:30:60 to prepare the pore-plugging liquid. PEI, NMP and LiCl are prepared into a base membrane solution according to the weight ratio of 12:60:28, the base membrane solution is coated on the surface of non-woven fabric, and then the non-woven fabric is immersed into deionized water at 25 ℃ to prepare a base membrane. And immersing the basement membrane in the pore blocking liquid for 10min, and wiping the surface of the membrane. And then, the hydrophilic coating liquid is coated on the surface of the PEI base film in a slit extrusion coating mode, the extrusion amount of the solution is 0.8mL/min, and the PEI base film is placed in an oven at the temperature of 130 ℃ for interfacial polymerization reaction for 4 hours, so that the decolorizing film is obtained.
Separating wine base wine with alcohol content of 10 ° by a filter membrane component at 25 deg.C, forming primary filtration penetrating liquid with alcohol content of 10 ° on penetration side, forming primary filtration residual liquid with alcohol content of 10 ° on residual side, wherein the weight of the primary filtration penetrating liquid/the weight of the wine base is 0.85. Separating the primary filtered penetrating fluid by a pervaporation alcohol permeation membrane module, obtaining the first-height wine with the alcoholic strength of 38 degrees at the penetrating side, and obtaining the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid with the alcoholic strength of 0.2 degrees at the residual side. And mixing and diluting the primary alcohol permeation residual liquid and the primary filtering residual liquid to form the low-alcohol wine with the alcohol degree of 6 degrees.
Then separating the low alcohol wine by a filter membrane component, forming secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 6 degrees on the penetration side, forming secondary filtration penetrating fluid with the alcoholic strength of 6 degrees on the surplus side, wherein the weight of the secondary filtration penetrating fluid/the weight of the low alcohol wine is 0.85. And (3) passing the secondary filtered penetrating fluid through an alcohol permeable membrane module, wherein ethanol preferentially permeates through the membrane, the second-height wine with the alcoholic strength of 32 degrees is obtained at the penetrating side, and the secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid with the alcoholic strength of 0.1 degree is obtained at the residual side. And mixing the alcohol permeable residual liquid obtained in the two steps and the secondary filtration residual liquid to reduce the alcohol degree, so as to form the finished alcohol-free wine with the alcohol degree of 0.5 degree.
In this example 5, the membrane module employs a tubular decolorizing membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 200 daltons, which mainly intercepts pigments, residual sugars, proteins, amino acids and a small amount of other macromolecular flavor components. The anti-pollution pervaporation roll-type membrane adopted by the alcohol permeable membrane component is a composite membrane which preferentially permeates alcohol-soluble substances such as alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and the like, and comprises a base membrane layer and an active layer, wherein the base membrane layer comprises cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer comprises polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide. The operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane module are that the temperature is 45 ℃, the flow rate of the membrane surface is 0.6m/s, and the vacuum degree is 2000 Pa.
The filter membranes of examples 1 to 3 are solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes, although having a decoloring effect, the ethanol concentration on the permeate side is higher than that of the wine base, while the filter membranes of examples 4 to 5 are decoloring membranes, only having a decoloring effect, and having no interception effect on small molecules such as alcohols and alcohol-soluble flavor components of the wine base, such as esters, acids, ketones, and the like, so that the alcoholic strength before and after the filter membranes can be ensured to be unchanged.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine is characterized by comprising a raw material tank, an intermediate tank, a filter membrane component and an alcohol permeable membrane component,
the outlet of the raw material tank is connected with the filter membrane component, the outlet of the permeation side of the filter membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank, the outlet of the retentate side of the filter membrane component is connected with the raw material tank, the filter membrane component comprises a nanofiltration membrane or a decoloration membrane,
the outlet of the intermediate tank is respectively connected with the raw material tank and the alcohol permeable membrane component through valves, and the outlet of the surplus side of the alcohol permeable membrane component is connected with the intermediate tank.
2. The apparatus for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine according to claim 1, wherein the nanofiltration membrane is a solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane, and the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 200-700 daltons;
the base film of the decolorizing membrane is prepared from polyethyleneimine, N-methylpyrrolidone and LiCl through phase inversion, the active layer of the decolorizing membrane is ethyl orthosilicate crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid, and the decolorizing membrane further comprises a pore blocking layer between the base film and the active layer.
3. The apparatus for preparing alcohol-free or high-alcohol-content wine according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol permeable membrane assembly is an anti-pollution pervaporation membrane, the anti-pollution pervaporation membrane is a composite membrane with preferential permeability to organic matters, the composite membrane is composed of a base membrane layer and an active layer, the base membrane layer is composed of one or more of cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the active layer is composed of one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyloctylsiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane and hydrophobic nano titanium dioxide.
4. The apparatus for preparing alcohol-free or high-alcohol wine according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol-permeable membrane module or the filter membrane module is composed of one membrane separator or at least two membrane separators connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.
5. The apparatus for preparing alcohol-free or high-alcohol wine according to claim 1, wherein the type of the membrane separator of the alcohol permeable membrane module is roll type; the membrane separator of the filter membrane module is in the form of a tube.
6. A method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine by using the apparatus for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) sending the raw wine into a filter membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the filter membrane assembly to the raw material tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining primary filtration retentate in the raw material tank; the primary filtration penetrating fluid obtained from the permeation side of the filter membrane component enters the intermediate tank;
(2) sending the primary filtered penetrating fluid into the alcohol permeable membrane module for separation, and refluxing liquid obtained at the retentate side of the alcohol permeable membrane module to the intermediate tank for circular separation to finally obtain primary alcohol permeable residual liquid in the intermediate tank; obtaining first high-alcohol wine from the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane module;
(3) and (3) sending the primary alcohol-permeable residual liquid from the intermediate tank to the raw material tank to be mixed with the primary filtering residual liquid to obtain the low-alcohol wine.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alcohol content of the base wine in the step (1) is 8-13 degrees.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the operating temperature of the filter membrane module is 0.5 to 25 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the operating conditions of the alcohol permeable membrane module are 40-45 ℃, the membrane surface flow rate is 0.1-0.6 m/s, and the vacuum degree is 2000-6000 Pa.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method for preparing alcohol-free wine or high-alcohol wine further comprises the step (5):
(5) sending the low-alcohol wine into a filter membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the filter membrane assembly to the raw material tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining secondary filtration retentate in the raw material tank; the secondary filtration penetrating fluid obtained from the permeation side of the filter membrane component enters the intermediate tank;
sending the secondary filtered penetrating fluid into the alcohol permeable membrane assembly for separation, refluxing liquid obtained from the retentate side of the alcohol permeable membrane assembly to the intermediate tank for circular separation, and finally obtaining secondary alcohol permeable residual liquid in the intermediate tank; obtaining second high-alcohol wine from the permeation side of the alcohol permeable membrane component;
and (3) sending the secondary alcohol-permeable residual liquid from the intermediate tank into the raw material tank to be mixed with the secondary filtration residual liquid or the primary alcohol-permeable residual liquid to obtain alcohol-free wine.
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| CN115044446A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-13 | 江苏久膜高科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of low-alcohol or alcohol-free beer |
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