CN114181669A - Low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013611 frozen food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of phase change energy storage materials. The material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 11% -23% of sodium formate, 5% -8% of ammonium chloride, 60% -75% of ultrapure water, 1% -2% of trimethylolpropane, 0.5% -2.5% of sodium polyacrylate and 0.5% -1.5% of crystalline flake graphite; the phase change temperature of the obtained low-temperature phase change cold storage material is-28.5 to-27.5 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 280KJ/Kg, the supercooling degree is low, the heat conductivity coefficient is large, the stability is good, the phase separation phenomenon does not occur after the service life is long, and the low-temperature phase change cold storage material can be widely used for storing and transporting low-temperature frozen foods and medical products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phase change energy storage materials, and particularly relates to a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the face of global energy crisis, developing and utilizing new energy has become an important way to deal with the energy crisis, however, the volatility and intermittency of the new energy are important problems restricting the application of the new energy, and the energy storage technology is an important supporting technology for solving the restriction. At present, more than 80% of energy storage is achieved by conversion, storage and transportation of thermal energy. Compared with other storage technologies, the phase change energy storage is more consistent with the clean, economic and efficient development rule of the heat storage technology, and is easy to be applied in large-scale marketization.
In recent years, under the background of global epidemic situation, the attention degree of medical cold chain transportation is higher and higher, and the traditional cold chain transportation low-temperature phase change cold storage material has large supercooling degree, poor heat conduction and poor stability, so that the energy consumption is huge, the energy waste condition is serious, and the product quality cannot be fully ensured. In order to ensure the product quality, reduce the transportation and storage cost and achieve the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction. The current market has more and more requirements on phase change cold storage materials with high latent heat and good stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
11-23% of main phase-change agent, 5-8% of phase-change temperature regulator, 60-75% of ultrapure water, 0.5-2.5% of thickening agent, 1-2% of trimethylolpropane, 0.5-1.5% of flake graphite and 0.5-3% of sodium polyacrylate; the trimethylolpropane provides a crystallization interface for the main component of the system.
In the above materials, the main phase-change agent is sodium formate, the phase-change temperature regulator is ammonium chloride, and the thickener is sodium polyacrylate;
preferably, the phase change cold storage material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 19.45% of sodium formate, 6.2% of ammonium chloride, 69.85% of ultrapure water, 1.5% of trimethylolpropane, 2% of sodium polyacrylate and 1% of crystalline flake graphite;
the sodium formate and the ammonium chloride are main phase-change materials, and the ammonium chloride is a phase-change temperature regulator.
The preparation method of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) adding sodium formate into constant-temperature ultrapure water at 35 ℃, and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 1000-1500 rpm;
(2) adding ammonium chloride into the constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 600-1000 rpm;
(3) adding trimethylolpropane into the constant-temperature solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 500-1200 rpm;
(4) adding sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), stirring and dissolving at the speed of 4500-7500 rpm, and then ultrasonically dispersing uniformly;
(5) adding the crystalline flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), stirring at a high speed to disperse uniformly, then ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, and placing on a shaking table to remove bubbles to obtain the phase-change cold storage material;
in the above steps, the turbine type stirrer is started by an inclined blade for stirring and dissolving, and the stirring time in the step (1) is 2-6 min; stirring for 4-8 min in the step (2); stirring for 2-10 min in the step (3);
stirring for 30-60 min, wherein the power of ultrasonic dispersion is 100-400W, and the time is 25-40 min;
stirring for 15-30 min, wherein the power of ultrasonic dispersion is 200-400W, and the time is 15-30 min; the shaking table time is 60-90 min, and the rotating speed is 200-800 rpm.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation and a preparation method thereof, wherein sodium formate and ammonium chloride used in the phase change material are used as main phase change materials, ammonium chloride is a phase change temperature regulator of the system, sodium polyacrylate is a thickener for preventing phase separation of the cold storage material, and trimethylolpropane is added into the system before other auxiliary regulators are added, so that the effect of regulating the phase change temperature of the system can be achieved; meanwhile, a small amount of trimethylolpropane can provide a crystallization interface for the main component of the system, the energy barrier required by solidification is reduced, the supercooling effect of the temperature and cold accumulation material is reduced, and the components have a synergistic effect in the system. The prepared low-temperature phase change cold storage material has the phase change temperature of-28.5 to-27.5 ℃, the phase change latent heat of 280KJ/Kg, the supercooling degree of less than 2 ℃, the heat conductivity coefficient of more than 0.75W/m, better stability and long service life without phase separation. Can be widely used for storing and transporting low-temperature frozen foods and medical products. The invention has the characteristics of low supercooling, high latent heat, long heat preservation time, high stability, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a DSC chart of the cold storage material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the step cooling curve of the cold storage material obtained in example 1 at an ambient temperature of-35 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a melting curve diagram of the cold storage material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a DSC of the phase change cold storage material obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a DSC of the phase change cold storage material obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a DSC chart of the phase change cold storage material obtained in comparative example 1;
fig. 7 is a step-cooling curve diagram of the phase change cold storage material obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1
A preparation method of a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 19.45 percent of sodium formate into 69.85 percent of constant-temperature ultrapure water at 35 ℃ by mass percent, and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 1300rpm, and the stirring time is 5 min;
(2) adding 6.2% of ammonium chloride into the 35 ℃ constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 800rpm, and the stirring time is 5 min;
(3) adding 1.5% of trimethylolpropane into the constant-temperature solution of 35 ℃ obtained in the step (2), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 900rpm, and the stirring time is 7 min;
(4) adding 2% of sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 6500rpm, the stirring time is 50min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 200W, and the stirring time is 32 min;
(5) and (3) adding 1% of flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 5500rpm, the stirring time is 24min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 400W, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 21 min. The shaking table time is 80min, the rotating speed is 300rpm, and the phase change cold storage material is obtained;
as shown in fig. 1, a DSC diagram of the phase change cold storage material obtained in this embodiment shows that the phase change point of the material is-28.0 ℃, the phase change enthalpy is 260.8kJ/kg, and the phase change latent heat of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material in this embodiment is the largest. Fig. 2 is a graph of the step cooling curve of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material corresponding to the embodiment 1 at the ambient temperature of-35 ℃, and it can be seen that the super cooling of the cold storage material of the embodiment 1 is very small, and is only 0.5 ℃. Meanwhile, a remarkable melting phase-change platform can be seen in fig. 2, the platform temperature is-28 ℃, fig. 3 is a DSC diagram of the phase-change cold-storage material obtained in example 1 after being recycled 800 times, it can be seen from the diagram that the phase-change point of the material is still-28.0 ℃, the phase-change enthalpy is 253.2KJ/Kg, the phase-change temperature is not changed, and the phase-change enthalpy is reduced but has a smaller reduction amplitude and is still within an allowable change range.
Example 2
A preparation method of a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 21.5 percent of sodium formate into 69.4 percent of 35 ℃ constant-temperature ultrapure water by mass percent, and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 1500rpm, and the stirring time is 6 min;
(2) adding 5.1% of ammonium chloride into the 35 ℃ constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 900rpm, and the stirring time is 7 min;
(3) adding 1% of trimethylolpropane into the constant-temperature solution of 35 ℃ obtained in the step (2), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 1100rpm, and the stirring time is 8 min;
(4) adding 1.5% of sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 5700rpm, the stirring time is 35min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 100W, and the stirring time is 41 min;
(5) and (3) adding 1.5% of crystalline flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 6500rpm, the stirring time is 28min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 300W, and the stirring time is 26 min. The shaking table time is 90min, the rotating speed is 700rpm, and the phase change cold storage material is obtained;
the DSC chart of the phase change cold storage material obtained in this example shows that the phase change point of the material is-27.9 ℃, the enthalpy of phase change is 243.2kJ/kg, the phase change temperature is increased by 0.1 ℃ and the enthalpy of phase change is decreased by 6.75% as compared with example 1, as shown in fig. 4.
Example 3
A preparation method of a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 18.05% of sodium formate into 75.25% of constant-temperature ultra-pure water at 35 ℃, and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 1000rpm, and the stirring time is 4 min;
(2) adding 4.4% of ammonium chloride into the 35 ℃ constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 600rpm, and the stirring time is 4 min;
(3) adding 0.8% of trimethylolpropane into the constant-temperature solution of 35 ℃ obtained in the step (2), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 500rpm, and the stirring time is 4 min;
(4) adding 1% of sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 4800rpm, the stirring time is 37min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 400W, and the stirring time is 28 min;
(5) and (3) adding 0.5% of crystalline flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 4900rpm, the stirring time is 19min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 200W, and the stirring time is 28 min. The shaking table time is 65min, the rotating speed is 450rpm, and the phase change cold storage material is obtained;
the DSC chart of the phase change cold storage material obtained in this example shows that, as shown in fig. 5, the phase change point of the material is-27.8 ℃, the enthalpy of phase change is 244.1kJ/kg, the phase change temperature is increased by 0.2 ℃ and the enthalpy of phase change is reduced by 6.4% compared with example 1.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 19.75% of sodium formate into 70.91% of 35 ℃ constant-temperature ultrapure water in percentage by mass, and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 1300rpm, and the stirring time is 5 min;
(2) adding 6.3% of ammonium chloride into the 35 ℃ constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 800rpm, and the stirring time is 5 min;
(3) adding 2% of sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 6500rpm, the stirring time is 50min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 200W, and the stirring time is 32 min;
(4) adding 1.04% of flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), and starting a turbine type stirrer by adopting an inclined blade, wherein the stirring speed is 5500rpm, the stirring time is 24min, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 400W, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 21 min. The shaking table time is 80min, the rotating speed is 300rpm, and the phase change cold storage material is obtained;
the DSC chart of the phase change cold storage material obtained in the comparative example is shown in fig. 6, which shows that the phase change point of the material is-28.0 ℃, the phase change enthalpy is 245.7kJ/kg, the phase change temperature is not changed compared with example 1, the phase change enthalpy is reduced by 5.8%, and the step cooling curve is shown in fig. 7, which shows that the material has a large supercooling degree of 3.2.
The latent heat, the thermal conductivity and the supercooling degree of the phase change cold storage materials prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative example are respectively measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 test results of latent heat, thermal conductivity and supercooling degree of phase change cold storage material of examples and comparative examples
| Performance parameter | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| Latent heat | 260.8 | 243.2 | 244.1 | 245.7 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.67 |
| Degree of supercooling | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.2 |
| Service life | 800 | / | / | / |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
11-23% of main phase-change agent, 5-8% of phase-change temperature regulator, 60-75% of ultrapure water, 0.5-2.5% of thickening agent, 1-2% of trimethylolpropane and 0.5-1.5% of flake graphite; the trimethylolpropane provides a crystallization interface for the main component of the system.
2. The low-temperature phase-change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation according to claim 1, wherein the main phase-change agent is sodium formate, the phase-change temperature regulator is ammonium chloride, and the thickener is sodium polyacrylate.
3. The low-temperature phase-change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phase-change cold storage material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 19% of sodium formate, 6.2% of ammonium chloride, 69% of ultrapure water, 1.42% of trimethylolpropane, 1.89% of sodium polyacrylate and 1% of crystalline flake graphite.
4. The preparation method of the low-temperature phase-change cold storage material suitable for the medical cold chain transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding sodium formate into constant-temperature ultrapure water at 35 ℃, and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 1000-1500 rpm;
(2) adding ammonium chloride into the constant-temperature salt solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 600-1000 rpm;
(3) adding trimethylolpropane into the constant-temperature solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring and dissolving at the speed of 500-1200 rpm;
(4) adding sodium polyacrylate into the constant-temperature mixed salt solution obtained in the step (3), stirring and dissolving at the speed of 4500-7500 rpm, and performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly;
(5) and (4) adding the crystalline flake graphite into the solution obtained in the step (4), stirring and mixing at a high speed, ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, and placing on a shaking table to remove bubbles to obtain the phase-change cold storage material.
5. The method for preparing the low-temperature phase-change cold storage material suitable for the medical cold chain transportation according to claim 4, wherein the stirring and dissolving adopts a tilted blade opening turbine type stirrer.
6. The preparation method of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the stirring time in the step (1) is 2-6 min; stirring for 4-8 min in the step (2); the stirring time in the step (3) is 2-10 min, the stirring time in the step (4) is 30-60 min, and the stirring time in the step (5) is 15-30 min.
7. The preparation method of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation according to claim 4, wherein the power of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (4) is 100-400W, and the time is 25-40 min.
8. The preparation method of the low-temperature phase change cold storage material suitable for medical cold chain transportation according to claim 4, wherein the power of ultrasonic dispersion in the step (5) is 200-400W, and the time is 15-30 min; the shaking table time is 60-90 min, and the rotating speed is 200-800 rpm.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106543973A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-29 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of low temperature composite phase-change cool storage material |
| CN107936919A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-20 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of phase-changing energy-storing separates out composite intelligent type deicing salt and preparation method thereof with temperature control |
| CN112662379A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-04-16 | 江苏金合能源科技有限公司 | Cold storage, cold storage material for freezing transportation and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106543973A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-29 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of low temperature composite phase-change cool storage material |
| CN107936919A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-20 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of phase-changing energy-storing separates out composite intelligent type deicing salt and preparation method thereof with temperature control |
| CN112662379A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-04-16 | 江苏金合能源科技有限公司 | Cold storage, cold storage material for freezing transportation and preparation method thereof |
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| Title |
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| 贾蒲悦等: "新型复合低温相变蓄冷材料的研制及热物性优化", 化工学报, vol. 70, no. 7, pages 2758 - 2765 * |
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