CN114178508A - Vacuum casting method of multilayer aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Vacuum casting method of multilayer aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011185 multilayer composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a casting process, in particular to a vacuum casting method of a multilayer aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the steps of heating and melting a first aluminum alloy by using a vacuum melting furnace, pouring the molten aluminum alloy into a mold cavity after melt treatment, and obtaining a first layer of aluminum alloy after solidification; heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by using a vacuum melting furnace, treating the melt for later use, keeping the solidified first layer of aluminum alloy in a mold cavity, continuously casting a second aluminum alloy melt into the original mold after the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled, and solidifying to obtain the double-layer aluminum-based composite material; compared with the preparation method for preparing the multilayer composite material by powder metallurgy, the preparation method has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, short manufacturing period and strong interface bonding strength. It is suitable for casting aluminium alloy, wrought aluminium alloy and composite material thereof. The scheme adopts a method of operating in vacuum in the whole process, and avoids the oxidation of aluminum alloy in the casting process, thereby avoiding the reduction of the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a casting process, in particular to a vacuum casting method of a multilayer aluminum matrix composite.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the traditional single-layer aluminum alloy can not meet the material requirements for manufacturing advanced equipment parts, and the multilayer aluminum-based composite material has attracted extensive attention of enterprises and researchers due to the excellent performance of the multilayer aluminum-based composite material, but the existing manufacturing process of the multilayer aluminum-based composite material has room for improvement.
The Chinese patent CN109572091A is a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material obtained by alternately weaving continuous reinforcement fibers and matrix metal wires to form a hybrid fiber cloth and laminating the hybrid fiber cloth and a matrix metal foil layer to obtain a preform for vacuum hot pressing. But the method can not directly obtain parts, and also has the problems of high cost of machining, industrial production and the like.
The Chinese patent CN109334162A is to put refractory metal powder into a high-temperature furnace for sintering after stacking the refractory metal powder layer by layer, so that the refractory metal powder is liquefied for infiltration, and the multi-layer integral forming is completed. However, the method has the problems of long period, high industrial production cost, insufficient interface bonding strength and the like.
The Chinese patent CN105648249A obtains an aluminum alloy matrix by a powder metallurgy method, and obtains a multilayer composite material by rolling deformation. However, the method has the problems of long period, high industrial cost, insufficient interface bonding strength and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at providing a vacuum casting method for a multilayer aluminum-based composite material to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a vacuum casting method of a multilayer aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
selecting two aluminum alloy materials as raw materials;
step two, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy to 630-;
and step three, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use. Keeping the solidified first layer of aluminum alloy in a mold cavity, continuing to cast a second aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
and then heating and melting the third aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use. Keeping the solidified double-layer aluminum-based composite material in a mold cavity, continuously casting a third aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the double-layer aluminum-based composite material is cooled to the temperature of 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a three-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
and the rest is repeated, the N aluminum alloy is heated and melted to the temperature of 630-780 ℃ by a vacuum melting furnace, and the melt is processed for later use. And (3) keeping the solidified N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite in a mold cavity, and when the N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite is cooled to the temperature of 100-.
The invention further defines the scheme as follows: the smelting and casting processes of the first step, the second step and the third step are carried out in a vacuum environment or under the protection of inert gas, wherein the vacuum degree is less than 1OPa, and the inert gas is high-purity nitrogen, argon, helium and the like;
each layer of aluminum alloy includes cast aluminum alloys, wrought aluminum alloys, and composites thereof.
The invention also provides a scheme as follows: in the first step, the two aluminum alloy materials are respectively A356-SiCp aluminum alloy material and A356 aluminum alloy material, in the second step, A356 is heated to 750 ℃ by a vacuum smelting furnace for melting, the vacuum degree is 1OPa, after deslagging treatment, the material is cooled to 620 ℃ again and poured into a mold cavity; and obtaining a first layer of the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification.
The invention also provides a scheme as follows: in the third step, heating A356 to 750 ℃ by using a vacuum smelting furnace for melting, wherein the vacuum degree is 1OPa, adding SiC particles with the mass fraction of 20%, and stirring to uniformly disperse the SiC particles in the A356 melt to prepare a SiCp/A356 composite melt; and when the cast A356 of the first layer is cooled to 100 ℃, casting the SiCp/A356 composite material melt above the first layer, and solidifying to obtain the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material.
The invention also provides a scheme as follows: and in the third step, the stirring comprises mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration so as to uniformly disperse the reinforcement into the matrix aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a scheme as follows: the casting in the second step and the third step is natural gravity casting molding or die casting, and the die casting comprises the following sequence:
s1, spraying lubricant into the die cavity, and closing the die;
s2, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the first aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mould by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s3, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a melting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s4, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the second aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
heating and melting the third aluminum alloy by using a smelting furnace, transferring the third aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the third aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the front two layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a three-layer aluminum-based composite material;
in the same way, after the Nth aluminum alloy is heated and melted by a smelting furnace and is transferred into an injection chamber after melt treatment, when the front N-1 layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature, the Nth aluminum alloy is injected into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain an N-layer aluminum matrix composite;
s5, pushing out the casting by a push rod and grinding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the problem that a single-layer material is difficult to meet the requirements of advanced mechanical parts on the comprehensive properties of the material, a multi-layer aluminum-based composite material needs to be adopted, but the existing method has the defects of long production flow, complex process, high cost and the like, the invention provides the vacuum casting method of the multi-layer aluminum-based composite material, and the method has the advantages of short production flow, simple process, low cost and the like.
Compared with a preparation method for preparing a multilayer composite material by powder metallurgy, the scheme is based on a traditional casting method and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, short manufacturing period and strong interface bonding strength.
The invention has wide application range and is suitable for casting aluminum alloy, wrought aluminum alloy and composite materials thereof.
The scheme adopts a method of operating in vacuum in the whole process, and avoids the oxidation of aluminum alloy in the casting process, thereby avoiding the reduction of the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the vacuum casting method of the multi-layer aluminum-based composite material.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the interface gold phase of the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, an element of the present invention may be said to be "fixed" or "disposed" to another element, either directly on the other element or with intervening elements present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, as an embodiment of the present invention, a vacuum casting method of a multilayer aluminum-based composite material includes the following steps:
selecting two aluminum alloy materials as raw materials;
step two, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy to 630-;
and step three, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use. Keeping the solidified first layer of aluminum alloy in a mold cavity, continuing to cast a second aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
and then heating and melting the third aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use. Keeping the solidified double-layer aluminum-based composite material in a mold cavity, continuously casting a third aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the double-layer aluminum-based composite material is cooled to the temperature of 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a three-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
and the rest is repeated, the N aluminum alloy is heated and melted to the temperature of 630-780 ℃ by a vacuum melting furnace, and the melt is processed for later use. And (3) keeping the solidified N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite in a mold cavity, and when the N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite is cooled to the temperature of 100-.
In the embodiment, the method has the advantages of short production flow, simple process, low cost and the like, and the multilayer aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method has high interface bonding strength and good comprehensive mechanical property, and can be used for directly forming parts with complex shapes.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the melting and casting process of the first step, the second step and the third step must be performed in a vacuum environment or under the protection of inert gas, wherein the vacuum degree should be less than 10Pa, and the inert gas is high-purity nitrogen, argon, helium, etc.;
each layer of aluminum alloy includes, but is not limited to, cast aluminum alloys, wrought aluminum alloys, and composites thereof.
In this embodiment, the inert gas is effective to isolate the metal from oxidation or other reactions at high temperatures by the medium in the air.
As another embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the two aluminum alloy materials are respectively a356-SiCp aluminum alloy material and a356 aluminum alloy material, and in the second step, a vacuum melting furnace is adopted to heat a356 to 750 ℃ for melting, the vacuum degree is 10Pa, after deslagging treatment, cooling to 620 ℃, and then pouring into a mold cavity; and obtaining a first layer of the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification.
In the embodiment, compared with a preparation method for preparing a multilayer composite material by powder metallurgy, the scheme is based on a traditional casting method, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, short manufacturing period and strong interface bonding strength.
As another embodiment of the invention, in the third step, a vacuum melting furnace is adopted to heat a356 to 750 ℃ for melting, the vacuum degree is 10Pa, 20% by mass of SiC particles are added, and the SiC particles are uniformly dispersed in the a356 melt by stirring to prepare a SiCp/a356 composite melt; and when the cast A356 of the first layer is cooled to 100 ℃, casting the SiCp/A356 composite material melt above the first layer, and solidifying to obtain the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material.
In the embodiment, the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method forms a good metallurgical bonding interface, and as shown in figure 2, no defects such as obvious oxides, inclusions, air holes and the like exist at the interface.
In the third step, the stirring includes mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, and ultrasonic vibration, so as to uniformly disperse the reinforcement into the matrix aluminum alloy.
In the embodiment, the invention has wide application range and is suitable for casting aluminum alloy, wrought aluminum alloy and composite materials thereof; the whole process is operated in vacuum, so that the aluminum alloy is prevented from being oxidized in the casting process, and the mechanical property of the aluminum matrix composite material is prevented from being reduced.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the casting in the second step and the third step is natural gravity casting molding; the casting in the second step and the third step can also be die casting, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, spraying lubricant into the die cavity, and closing the die;
s2, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the first aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mould by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s3, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a melting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s4, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the second aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
heating and melting the third aluminum alloy by using a smelting furnace, transferring the third aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the third aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the front two layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a three-layer aluminum-based composite material;
in the same way, after the Nth aluminum alloy is heated and melted by a smelting furnace and is transferred into an injection chamber after melt treatment, when the front N-1 layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature, the Nth aluminum alloy is injected into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain an N-layer aluminum matrix composite;
s5, pushing out the casting by a push rod and grinding.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A vacuum casting method of a multilayer aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting two aluminum alloy materials as raw materials;
step two, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy to 630-;
step three, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use; keeping the solidified first layer of aluminum alloy in a mold cavity, continuing to cast a second aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
heating and melting the third aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use; keeping the solidified double-layer aluminum-based composite material in a mold cavity, continuously casting a third aluminum alloy melt into the original mold when the double-layer aluminum-based composite material is cooled to the temperature of 100-500 ℃, and obtaining a three-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
in the same way, heating and melting the Nth aluminum alloy to 630-780 ℃ by using a vacuum melting furnace, and treating the melt for later use; and (3) keeping the solidified N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite in a mold cavity, and when the N-1 layer aluminum matrix composite is cooled to the temperature of 100-.
2. The vacuum casting method for the multilayer aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting and casting process of the first step, the second step and the third step must be performed under vacuum environment or under the protection of inert gas, wherein the vacuum degree should be less than 10Pa, and the inert gas is high-purity nitrogen, argon, helium and the like;
each layer of aluminum alloy includes cast aluminum alloys, wrought aluminum alloys, and composites thereof.
3. The vacuum casting method of the multi-layer aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, the two aluminum alloy materials are respectively A356-SiCp aluminum alloy material and A356 aluminum alloy material, and in the second step, A356 is heated to 750 ℃ by a vacuum smelting furnace to be melted, the vacuum degree is 10Pa, and after deslagging treatment, the material is cooled to 620 ℃ and poured into a mold cavity; and obtaining a first layer of the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification.
4. The vacuum casting method of the multilayer aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, A356 is heated to 750 ℃ by a vacuum smelting furnace to be melted, the vacuum degree is 10Pa, SiC particles with the mass fraction of 20% are added, and the SiC particles are uniformly dispersed in the A356 melt by stirring to prepare a SiCp/A356 composite melt; and when the cast A356 of the first layer is cooled to 100 ℃, casting the SiCp/A356 composite material melt above the first layer, and solidifying to obtain the A356-SiCp/A356 double-layer aluminum-based composite material.
5. The vacuum casting method for multi-layer aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the third step, the stirring includes mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration to uniformly disperse the reinforcement into the matrix aluminum alloy.
6. The vacuum casting method for multilayer aluminum matrix composites according to any of claims 1 or 4, wherein the casting in the second step and the third step is natural gravity casting or die casting, and the die casting comprises the following sequence:
s1, spraying lubricant into the die cavity, and closing the die;
s2, heating and melting the first aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the first aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mould by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s3, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a melting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the first aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a first layer of aluminum alloy;
s4, heating and melting the second aluminum alloy by a smelting furnace, transferring the second aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the second aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the first layer of aluminum alloy is cooled to a certain temperature; obtaining a double-layer aluminum-based composite material after solidification;
heating and melting the third aluminum alloy by using a smelting furnace, transferring the third aluminum alloy into an injection chamber after melt treatment, and injecting the third aluminum alloy into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure when the front two layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature; solidifying to obtain a three-layer aluminum-based composite material;
in the same way, after the Nth aluminum alloy is heated and melted by a smelting furnace and is transferred into an injection chamber after melt treatment, when the front N-1 layers of aluminum alloys are cooled to a certain temperature, the Nth aluminum alloy is injected into a mold by hydraulic pressure or mechanical pressure; solidifying to obtain an N-layer aluminum matrix composite;
s5, pushing out the casting by a push rod and grinding.
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