CN114174699A - 用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母、特别是滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母、特别是滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母的方法 Download PDF

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CN114174699A
CN114174699A CN202080055365.8A CN202080055365A CN114174699A CN 114174699 A CN114174699 A CN 114174699A CN 202080055365 A CN202080055365 A CN 202080055365A CN 114174699 A CN114174699 A CN 114174699A
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sleeve
threaded
flange
threaded nut
ball screw
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马里奥·克鲁策
迪特·埃克特
保罗·海因茨
理查德·拜尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母(1)的方法，该方法具有以下步骤：由适合表面硬化的钢板生产套筒(4)；在套筒(4)的内周缘上模制用于与滚动本体滚动接触的滚动型材(5)，所述滚动型材以螺旋的方式绕套筒(4)的纵向轴线卷绕；将凸缘(7)焊接至套筒(4)的端面，凸缘(7)在背离套筒(4)的凸缘端面上设置有用于焊接至机器部件(2)的焊接表面(8)，焊接表面(8)最初具有扩散抑制层(10)，该扩散抑制层抑制碳的渗透；以及在对螺纹螺母(1)进行表面硬化之后，通过移除扩散抑制层(10)使焊接表面(10)暴露。根据所述方法生产的螺纹螺母(1)可以是滚珠丝杠传动装置的一部分，该滚珠丝杠传动装置的凸缘(7)可以由使用者焊接至提供的机器部件(2)。

Description

用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母、特别是滚珠丝杠传动装 置的滚珠丝杠螺母的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母、特别是滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母的方法。
背景技术
例如，根据权利要求1的前序部分的特征的滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母已经从DE2829433 A1中获知。滚珠丝杠螺母的由钢板形成的套筒在套筒的内周缘上设置有滚珠凹槽，该滚珠凹槽以螺旋的方式围绕滚珠丝杠传动装置的轴线卷绕，并且该滚珠凹槽以成形方法轧制而成。滚珠丝杠螺母是经过硬化的。
尽管具有低碳含量的钢板通常不适合以热处理方法进行硬化，但是具有低碳含量的钢板适合无需切削的机械加工。出于这个原因，这种钢板被渗碳并且由这种钢板形成的丝杠螺母被表面硬化。在许多应用中，根据应用，需要在丝杠螺母与机器部件之间进行固定连接。由于高碳含量或马氏体结构，焊接连接很困难或者是不可能的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母，该螺纹螺母易于生产并且在硬化之后易于连接至机器部件。
根据本发明，该目的通过根据权利要求1的异形螺纹螺母来实现。在从属权利要求中提供了适当的其他实施方式。
根据本发明的用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母的方法提供了以下步骤：
由适合以成形方法进行表面硬化的钢板生产套筒。这些套管可以是无缝的，并且可以从管材上切割成一定长度。具有低碳含量的钢板适合非切削加工。
以成形方法在套筒的内周缘上形成用于与滚动本体滚动接触的滚动型材，滚动型材以螺旋的方式围绕套筒的纵向轴线卷绕。所有常见的成形方法比如滚光、高压片材成形和摆动在这里都是可能的。
在摆动方法中，套筒被插入到模具中，模具是摆动压力机的固定部分。摆动模具被设定为处于滚动运动，在该滚动运动下，套筒的材料可以流动成其新的形状，并且可以产生作为滚动型材的螺纹，该螺纹以螺旋的方式围绕套筒的纵向轴线卷绕。在滚珠丝杠传动装置的情况下，该螺纹由以螺旋的方式卷绕的滚珠凹槽形成。
将凸缘焊接至套筒的一个端面。能够容易焊接的钢被用作用于凸缘的材料。凸缘在其背离套筒的端面上设置有用于焊接至机器部件的焊接表面。根据应用，该机器部件可以是例如活塞或壳体。根据本发明的方法生产的螺纹传动装置允许通过将具有其焊接表面的凸缘焊接至机器部件而简单连接至机器部件。
本发明的特别的优点可以在凸缘和套筒的壁厚可以有很大的不同的事实中看出。因此，可以以经济有利的方式提供适于焊接至机器的机器部件的表面硬化的薄壁套筒和厚壁凸缘两者，在该机器部件中使用设置有该螺纹螺母的螺纹传动装置。厚壁应当被理解为凸缘相比于套筒的壁厚更厚。
为了进一步生产螺纹螺母，焊接表面设置有扩散抑制层。因此所提供的螺纹螺母是表面硬化的。表面硬化是一种对表面进行硬化(对边界层进行硬化)的方法，包括对钢工件进行渗碳、淬火和回火。
扩散抑制层抑制碳在渗碳期间渗入到凸缘的焊接表面中。
凸缘在焊接至套筒之前可以设置有该扩散抑制层。例如，可以设想从扁平片材上冲压或切割端面涂覆的圆形坯料。以这种方式设置的凸缘和套筒彼此对准。与套筒的焊接可以通过凸缘的壁厚进行。背离套筒的端面上的扩散抑制层在焊接过程期间被熔化。替代性地，可以在凸缘已经焊接在套筒上之后将扩散抑制层施加至套筒。
在螺纹螺母的渗碳期间，只有那些没有扩散抑制层的区域被渗碳。套筒不需要扩散抑制层，并且在表面硬化之后内外都可以变硬。这意味着在表面硬化完成之后，由于碳含量降低，支承扩散抑制层的那些区域保持柔软且易于焊接。
在表面硬化之后，可以通过移除扩散抑制层使焊接表面暴露。焊接表面的这种暴露可以在生产螺纹螺母的过程中进行；替代性地，暴露可以在配备有根据本发明的螺纹螺母的螺纹传动装置交付给使用者时进行。在许多情况下，使用者将凸缘焊接至特定应用的机器部件。在该焊接之前，使用者可以移除扩散抑制层至少到焊接表面被暴露的程度。
例如，如果凸缘的背离套筒的端面完全覆盖有这种扩散抑制层，则仅暴露端面上的意在用于焊接至机器部件的区域就足够了。
替代性地，扩散抑制层可以仅施加至焊接部分，并且在表面硬化之后，在焊接表面的区域中被移除。该变型减少了所使用的材料的量。
与机器部件的焊接可以独立于螺纹螺母的生产执行，即，当螺纹螺母或包括该螺纹螺母的螺纹传动装置由螺纹传动装置的生产商交付给使用者并且例如安装在预期的应用中时执行。
扩散抑制层可以由铜形成。该层可以是电镀的或镀覆的。方法的选择取决于凸缘的形状或生产凸缘的半成品。
螺纹螺母可以具有外套管，在该外套管与套管之间设置有用于在滚珠轨道中不断循环的滚珠的本身已知的偏转装置。滚珠轨道具有负载部分和将负载部分的起始部和结束部始终连接在一起的偏转部分。负载部分由螺纹螺母的滚珠凹槽和螺纹主轴的滚珠凹槽形成，螺纹螺母的滚珠凹槽和螺纹主轴的滚珠凹槽以螺旋的方式围绕主轴轴线卷绕。在被称为单次偏转的情况下，负载部分可以小于一整圈，并且在外部偏转的情况下，负载部分可以形成为若干圈。偏转装置可以具有塑料套筒，该塑料套筒同轴地插入在套筒与外套筒之间。上述凸缘在套筒与外套筒之间延伸，并且牢固地连接至外套筒。
附图说明
下面参照在总共五个图中示出的示例性实施方式更详细地说明本发明。在附图中：
图1以纵向截面示出了呈滚珠丝杠传动装置的形式的螺纹螺母，其中，机器部件焊接在该螺纹螺母上，
图2示出了图1的放大细节，
图3以放大细节示出了图2中的变型，以及
图4示出了具有根据图1的螺纹螺母的滚珠丝杠传动装置，以及
图5示出了图4的放大细节。
在所有附图中，根据本发明的丝杠传动装置的螺纹螺母以滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母的形式示出。
具体实施方式
图1以纵向截面示出了螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母1，其中，机器部件2焊接在该螺纹螺母上。该螺纹螺母1设计为滚珠丝杠螺母3。滚珠丝杠螺母3具有由钢板制成的套筒4，在套筒的内周缘上构造有未经切削而形成的滚动型材5，以用于与未示出的滚动元件滚动接触。滚动型材5被设计为滚珠凹槽6，该滚珠凹槽以螺旋的方式围绕纵向轴线卷绕并且由未示出的滚珠形成的滚动元件可以在该滚珠凹槽上滚动。
套筒4在一个轴向端部处设置有焊接凸缘7，该焊接凸缘在其背离套筒4的端面上具有用于焊接在机器部件2上的焊接表面8。此外，可以观察到穿透凸缘7的壁厚的焊缝16，该焊缝通过材料结合将凸缘7连接至套筒4。
图2以放大细节示出了凸缘7的截面。将机器部件2连接至凸缘7的焊缝9是清晰可见的。在凸缘的面向机器部件2的端面上，凸缘7设置有扩散抑制层10，该扩散抑制层仅在焊接表面8的区域中被移除，以确保凸缘7与机器部件2之间的无问题的材料结合。
在表面硬化期间，螺纹螺母1被渗碳。通过扩散抑制层10防止碳扩散到焊接表面8中，在本实施方式中，扩散抑制层由铜形成。
图2示出了套筒4的表面硬化层11和凸缘7的表面硬化层12，表面硬化层在这里借助于较粗的线突出显示。这些表面硬化层11、12是在凸缘7焊接至套筒4之后且在凸缘7焊接至机器部件2之前执行表面硬化的结果。滚珠凹槽6是表面硬化的。
在图2中清楚示出的是，表面硬化层11、12未形成在凸缘7的面向机器部件2的端面上。在螺纹螺母1的表面硬化之后，扩散抑制层10仅在焊接表面9的区域中被移除，使得该焊接表面被暴露。
根据图3的示例性实施方式与先前描述的示例性实施方式的不同之处仅在于，在螺纹螺母1焊接至机器部件2之前，凸缘7的面向机器部件2的端面上的扩散抑制层已经被完全移除。
图4和图5示出了具有被设计为滚珠丝杠螺母3的螺纹螺母1的滚珠丝杠传动装置。螺纹螺母1具有外套筒17，在外套筒与套筒4之间设置有用于在滚珠轨道19中不断循环的滚珠的本身已知的偏转装置18。滚珠轨道19具有负载部分20和将负载部分20的起始部和结束部始终连接在一起的偏转部分21。负载部分20由螺纹螺母1的滚珠凹槽14和螺纹主轴23的滚珠凹槽22形成，螺纹螺母的滚珠凹槽和螺纹主轴的滚珠凹槽以螺旋的方式围绕主轴轴线卷绕。在示例性实施方式中，螺纹主轴23被旋转驱动。在该示例性实施方式中，负载部分20延伸若干圈。偏转装置18具有塑料套筒24，该塑料套筒同轴地插入在套筒4与外套筒17之间。上述凸缘7在套筒4与外套筒17之间径向延伸并且牢固地连接至外套筒17。
附图标记列表
1螺纹螺母2机器部件3滚珠丝杠螺母4套筒5滚动型材6滚珠凹槽7凸缘8焊接表面9焊缝10层11表面硬化层12表面硬化层13螺纹主轴14滚珠凹槽15滚珠16焊缝17外套筒18偏转装置19滚珠轨道20负载部分21偏转部分22滚珠凹槽23螺纹主轴24塑料套筒。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母(1)的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤：
·由适合表面硬化的钢板生产套筒(4)，
·在所述套筒(4)的内周缘上模制用于与滚动本体滚动接触的滚动型材(5)，所述滚动型材以螺旋的方式围绕所述套筒(4)的纵向轴线卷绕，
·将凸缘(7)焊接至所述套筒(4)的端面，
·所述凸缘(7)在背离所述套筒(4)的凸缘端面上设置有用于焊接至机器部件(2)的焊接表面(8)，
·所述焊接表面(8)最初具有扩散抑制层(10)，所述扩散抑制层抑制碳渗透到所述焊接表面(8)中，
·所述螺纹螺母(1)是表面硬化的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述螺纹螺母(1)的表面硬化之后，通过移除所述扩散抑制层(10)使所述焊接表面(8)暴露。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，在被焊接至所述套筒(4)之后且在所述螺纹螺母(1)的所述表面硬化之前，所述凸缘(7)在背离所述套筒(4)的端面上设置有所述扩散抑制层(10)，所述扩散抑制层在表面硬化之后至少在所述焊接表面(8)的区域中被移除。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的方法，其中，所述扩散抑制层(10、14)由铜形成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项所述的方法，其中，所述扩散抑制层(10、14)是电镀的或镀覆的。
6.一种根据权利要求1至5中的一项所述的方法生产的螺纹螺母(1)，所述螺纹螺母被设计为滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母(3)，所述滚珠丝杠螺母的以螺旋的方式围绕纵向轴线卷绕的滚珠凹槽(6)由滚动型材(5)形成。
7.一种滚珠丝杠传动装置，所述滚珠丝杠传动装置具有螺纹主轴(23)和布置在所述螺纹主轴(23)上的根据权利要求5所述的螺纹螺母(1)，并且所述滚珠丝杠传动装置具有附接至所述螺纹螺母(1)的以螺旋的方式围绕所述滚珠丝杠传动装置的纵向轴线卷绕的滚珠凹槽(14、22)并且滚离所述螺旋主轴(23)的滚珠。
CN202080055365.8A 2019-08-01 2020-06-25 用于生产螺纹传动装置的螺纹螺母、特别是滚珠丝杠传动装置的滚珠丝杠螺母的方法 Pending CN114174699A (zh)

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