CN114172574A - Modulation method combining non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation technology - Google Patents

Modulation method combining non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation technology Download PDF

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CN114172574A
CN114172574A CN202111489440.4A CN202111489440A CN114172574A CN 114172574 A CN114172574 A CN 114172574A CN 202111489440 A CN202111489440 A CN 202111489440A CN 114172574 A CN114172574 A CN 114172574A
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包广斌
刘仲豪
吴照恒
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/5161—Combination of different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/524—Pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
    • H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/564—Power control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The modulation method combining the non-orthogonal multiple access technology with the pulse amplitude modulation technology comprises the steps of carrying out gray coding on data and dividing the data into two parts at a transmitting end, carrying out PAM4 mapping on the two parts, and respectively matching the two mapped parts with different powers (P1 and P2), wherein P1 is high power and P2 is low power. And then the signals with distributed power are superposed. The superposed signals are PAM4+ NOMA signals; the receiving end converts the received signal into an electric signal through the photoelectric detector by the receiving end. And then, directly recovering modulation information of P1 by matched filtering and sampling and utilizing a serial interference elimination algorithm, firstly detecting a P1+ P2 signal for a P2 signal because a Gamma channel is too complex, and then subtracting the P1 signal to obtain a P2 signal.

Description

Modulation method combining non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless optical communication technology, in particular to a modulation method for modulating atmospheric optical communication by combining a non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation.
Background
In recent years, the wireless traffic is rapidly increased under the promotion of various real-time broadband intensive applications, and meanwhile, the development of communication technology is also driven. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) commonly used in atmospheric wireless optical communication has the advantages of simple modulation, easy detection and the like. In addition, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is proposed as a reasonable candidate for future wireless access, and resource allocation can be more reasonable compared with the traditional OMA. The PAM modulation has the advantages of simple modulation and strong noise resistance. A combination of the two can be considered to improve the rational allocation of system resources and the utilization of the frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modulation method combining a non-orthogonal multiple access technology with a pulse amplitude modulation technology.
The invention relates to a modulation method combining a non-orthogonal multiple access technology with a pulse amplitude modulation technology, which comprises the following steps: firstly, NOMA technology and pulse amplitude modulation technology are introduced to improve the frequency band utilization rate of the atmospheric optical communication system; the successive interference cancellation algorithm (SIC) is then modified to improve the Gamma channel system performance. The method comprises the following specific steps:
at a transmitting end, gray coding is firstly carried out on data, the data are equally divided into two parts to carry out PAM4 mapping, and different powers (P1 and P2) are respectively allocated to signals after the two parts are mapped, wherein P1 is high power, and P2 is low power. And then, carrying out progressive superposition on the signals after power distribution, wherein the superposed signals are PAM4-NOMA signals. The signals are represented as:
a3＝P1ga1+P2ga2
modulating the super-Nyquist signal obtained in the step (1) onto laser and transmitting the laser by an optical antenna;
step (3) the signals in step 2 reach an optical receiving antenna after passing through a weak turbulence atmospheric channel which follows Gamma-Gamma distribution, a photodiode on the receiving antenna converts optical signals into electric signals, the electric signals pass through a matched filter, the electric signals are sampled, and then signals S are receivedu(t) is represented by;
Su(t)＝h·Sop(t)+Zn(t)
wherein h is the channel coefficient，Sop(t) transmitting the end optical signal, Zn(t) channel noise
Step (4) performing photoelectric conversion on the signals in the step (3) and demodulating by using a serial interference cancellation algorithm (SIC), firstly regarding the low-power signals as useless noise, and demodulating the high-power signals by using maximum likelihood to obtain high-power signals;
Figure BDA0003398609200000011
wherein: | g | calculation of luminance2 FDenotes a two-norm, amWhich is indicative of the amplitude of the modulation,
Figure BDA0003398609200000012
the representation estimates result in modulated symbols. η represents a photoelectric conversion coefficient.
And (5) because the double Gamma channels are too complex, the SIC algorithm is improved when the low-power signals are decoded, firstly, the signals after PAM superposition are decoded by utilizing the maximum likelihood algorithm, and then, the high-power signals in the received signals are subtracted to obtain the low-power signals which are expressed as low-power signals
Figure BDA0003398609200000013
Figure BDA0003398609200000014
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003398609200000015
which is representative of the value of the high power signal,
Figure BDA0003398609200000016
representing the value of the power signal after the superposition,
Figure BDA0003398609200000017
representing a low power signal value.
The invention has the advantages that: the NOMA technology and the PAM modulation mode are combined in the atmosphere optical communication, and the reasonable utilization rate of data transmission efficiency and resources is effectively improved. Compared with single PAM4 modulation, the PAM4-NOMA technology is remarkably improved under the same condition, can adapt to different channels and application occasions by changing the power, improves the information transmission rate, and has very wide prospect in various application scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a PAM4-NOMA atmospheric optical communication system, fig. 2 is a comparison of error code performance of PAM4-NOMA at different transmission distances, fig. 3 is a relationship between an error code rate of PAM4-NOMA and a wavelength, fig. 4 is a relationship between an error code rate of PAM4-NOMA and PAM4 at different distances, and fig. 5 is a relationship between an error code rate of PAM4-NOMA and PAM4 at different wavelengths.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a modulation method for atmospheric optical communication by combining a non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation. According to the method, NOMA technology is introduced into signal modulation in atmospheric optical communication and combined with a PAM4 modulation mode, so that the defect of the traditional PAM4 modulation is overcome, and the transmission rate and the resource utilization rate of the system are further improved.
The invention relates to a modulation method for modulating atmosphere optical communication by combining a non-orthogonal multiple access technology with pulse amplitude modulation, which comprises the following steps: firstly, NOMA technology and pulse amplitude modulation technology are introduced to improve the frequency band utilization rate of an atmospheric optical communication system, and then a serial interference elimination algorithm is improved to improve the system performance under a Gamma channel; the method comprises the following specific steps:
at the transmitting end, the step (1) firstly carries out Gray coding on data, equally divides the data into two parts, carries out PAM4 mapping on the two parts, and then carries out signal mapping on the two parts (a)1And a2) Different powers are allocated (P1 and P2), respectively, where P1 is high power and P2 is low power. Then, the signals after power distribution are superposed in a progressive way, and the superposed signals are signals a3(ii) a The signals are represented as:
a3＝P1ga1+P2ga2
modulating the super-Nyquist signal obtained in the step (1) to laser and transmitting the laser by an optical antenna;
step (3) the signal in step (2) reaches an optical receiving antenna after passing through a weak turbulence atmospheric channel which follows Gamma-Gamma distribution, a photodiode on the receiving antenna converts an optical signal into an electric signal and passes through a matched filter, the electric signal is sampled, and then a signal S is receivedu(t) is represented by;
Su(t)＝h·Sop(t)+Zn(t)
where h is the channel coefficient, Sop(t) transmitting the end optical signal, Zn(t) channel noise
Step (4) performing photoelectric conversion on the signals in the step (3) and demodulating by using a serial interference cancellation algorithm (SIC), firstly regarding the low-power signals as useless noise, and demodulating the high-power signals by using maximum likelihood to obtain high-power signals;
Figure BDA0003398609200000021
wherein: | g | calculation of luminance2 FDenotes a two-norm, amWhich is indicative of the amplitude of the modulation,
Figure BDA0003398609200000022
the representation estimates result in modulated symbols. η represents a photoelectric conversion coefficient;
and (5) because the double Gamma channels are too complex, the SIC algorithm is improved when the low-power signals are decoded, firstly, the signals after PAM superposition are decoded by using the maximum likelihood algorithm, and then, the high-power signals in the received signals are subtracted to obtain the low-power signals, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003398609200000023
Figure BDA0003398609200000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003398609200000025
which is representative of the value of the high power signal,
Figure BDA0003398609200000026
representing the value of the power signal after the superposition,
Figure BDA0003398609200000027
representing a low power signal value.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments thereof. The invention is achieved by the following technical measures: 1. basic assumptions
The invention adopts PAM4-NOMA mixing, the channel state follows Gamma-Gamma distribution, and supposing that the background light is filtered by the filter, only additive white Gaussian noise is considered. This assumption is typical of such systems and is not a particular requirement of the present invention.
2. Detailed description of the invention
At a transmitting end, Gray codes are mapped by PAM4 to respectively distribute power of P1 and P2 to form a3Signals, which can be represented as
a3＝P1ga1+P2ga2 (1)
SPAM4-NOMAAn optical signal S is obtained after the signal passes through digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) and an IQ electro-optic modulatoropCan represent
Figure BDA0003398609200000031
Wherein, POCIs the average emitted optical power, ωocIs the optical frequency, phiocIs the initial phase.
After the signal is transmitted through the air channel, at the receiving end Sop(t) the signal may be denoted Su(t)＝h·Sop(t)+Zn(t), h and ZnAnd (t) are the channel light intensity fading coefficient and the noise respectively. The channel light intensity fading coefficient follows double Gamma distribution, and the probability density function thereof can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003398609200000032
Wherein k isV(. cndot.) is a V-order second-class modified Bessel function, wherein Gamma (. cndot.) is a Gamma function, alpha is a large-scale scattering coefficient, and beta is a small-scale scattering coefficient. They may be respectively represented as
Figure BDA0003398609200000033
Figure BDA0003398609200000034
In the formula, the Rytov variance
Figure BDA0003398609200000035
Figure BDA0003398609200000036
The refractive index is an atmospheric refractive index structure constant, L is a laser transmission distance, k is 2 pi/lambda, and lambda is a wavelength;
Figure BDA0003398609200000037
d is the receiver aperture diameter.
The received signal is then subjected to An (ADC) conversion, the signal being represented as
Sx＝ηhSu(t)+Zk(t) (6)
Wherein eta is photoelectric conversion coefficient, Zx(t) represents post-mixing noise.
Demodulating the photoelectrically converted signal by a successive interference cancellation algorithm (SIC), firstly, regarding the low-power signal as useless noise, and demodulating the high-power signal by maximum likelihood
Figure BDA0003398609200000038
In the formula: | g | calculation of luminance2 FDenotes a two-norm, amWhich is indicative of the amplitude of the modulation,
Figure BDA0003398609200000039
indicating that the modulated symbol is obtained by estimation and the high-power signal information can be recovered after the PAM4 is subjected to demapping.
The double Gamma channels are too complex, the SIC algorithm is improved when decoding low-power signals, and firstly, the maximum likelihood algorithm is utilized to decode the signals after PAM superposition;
Figure BDA0003398609200000041
then, the high power signal in the received signal is subtracted, and the signal is expressed as
Figure BDA0003398609200000042
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003398609200000043
which is representative of the value of the high power signal,
Figure BDA0003398609200000044
representing the value of the power signal after the superposition,
Figure BDA0003398609200000045
representing a low power signal value.
3. Error code performance
In order to illustrate the correctness of the invention, on the basis of the theoretical analysis, the error performance of the PAM4-NOMA scheme in a double-Gamma channel is analyzed by adopting a Monte Carlo method. The simulation conditions were as follows: the system error limit is set to 3.8 x 10-3The photoelectric conversion coefficient is 0.5, the lambda is 1550nm,
Figure BDA0003398609200000046
is 1 × 10-15m-2/3And L is 1000 m.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the PAM4-NOMA atmospheric optical communication system in fig. 1, at a transmitting end, data is gray coded and equally divided, PAM4 mapping is performed by dividing the data into two parts, and the mapped two parts of signals are respectively matched with different powers (P1 and P2), wherein P1 is high power and P2 is low power. And then the signals with distributed power are superposed. The superposed signals are PAM4+ NOMA signals; the receiving end converts the received signal into an electric signal through a Photoelectric Detector (PD) through the receiving end. Then, the modulation information of P1 is directly restored by matched filtering and sampling and a Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC) algorithm, then a P1+ P2 signal is detected, and finally the P1 signal is subtracted to obtain a P2 signal.
Fig. 2 shows a comparison of error performance of PAM4-NOMA at different transmission distances, which shows that the performance of a high-power signal is improved by about 10-12 dB compared with that of a low-power signal at the same transmission distance, and it can be seen that the performance of the signal is reduced with the increase of the transmission distance. It can be seen that the introduction of NOMA technology allows reasonable use of resources.
Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the error rate and the wavelength, and it can be seen that the system performance is gradually improved with the increase of the wavelength under the same transmission distance condition. The NOMA technology reasonably distributes resources so that high-power signals lead low-power signals by 10-11 dB in performance, and the method has important significance for distributing different powers in different channel environments.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the bit error rate of PAM4-NOMA and PAM4 at different distances. Under the condition of keeping the power and the transmission distance consistent, the performance is respectively improved by 11.5dB and 11dB compared with PAM4 after the NOMA technology is introduced into the high-power signal comparison; the introduction of the NOMA technique in a low power signal contrast resulted in a 13dB and 13.5dB improvement over PAM4, respectively.
Fig. 5 shows the bit error rate relationship between PAM4-NOMA and PAM4 at different wavelengths, and under the condition of keeping the power and the laser wavelength consistent, it can be seen that the performance is respectively improved by 11dB and 10.5dB compared with PAM4 after the NOMA technology is introduced into the high-power signal comparison; the performance was improved by 14.5dB and 13.5dB compared to PAM4, respectively, after introducing the NOMA technique in a low power signal contrast.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art may implement the method according to the embodiment of the present invention through software or hardware, which is part of the contribution of the present invention to the prior art.

Claims (1)

1. The modulation method combining the non-orthogonal multiple access technology with the pulse amplitude modulation technology is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly introducing the NOMA technology and the pulse amplitude modulation technology to improve the frequency band utilization rate of the atmospheric optical communication system; then improving a serial interference elimination algorithm to improve the system performance under a Gamma channel; the method comprises the following specific steps:
at the transmitting end, the step (1) firstly carries out Gray coding on data, equally divides the data into two parts, carries out PAM4 mapping on the two parts, and then carries out signal mapping on the two parts (a)1And a2) Distributing different powers (P1 and P2), wherein P1 is high power and P2 is low power; then, the signals after power distribution are superposed in a progressive way, and the superposed signals are signals a3The signal is represented as:
a3＝P1ga1+P2ga2；
modulating the super-Nyquist signal obtained in the step (1) to laser and transmitting the laser by an optical antenna;
step (3) the signal in step (2) reaches an optical receiving antenna after passing through a weak turbulence atmospheric channel which follows Gamma-Gamma distribution, a photodiode on the receiving antenna converts an optical signal into an electric signal and passes through a matched filter, the electric signal is sampled, and then a signal S is receivedu(t) is represented by;
Su(t)＝h·Sop(t)+Zn(t)
where h is the channel coefficient, Sop(t) transmitting the end optical signal, Zn(t) channel noise;
step (4) performing photoelectric conversion on the signals in the step (3) and demodulating by using a serial interference cancellation algorithm (SIC), firstly regarding the low-power signals as useless noise, and demodulating the high-power signals by using maximum likelihood to obtain high-power signals;
Figure FDA0003398609190000011
wherein: | g | calculation of luminance2 FDenotes a two-norm, amWhich is indicative of the amplitude of the modulation,
Figure FDA0003398609190000012
the representation estimates result in modulated symbols. η represents a photoelectric conversion coefficient;
and (5) because the double Gamma channels are too complex, the SIC algorithm is improved when the low-power signals are decoded, firstly, the signals after PAM superposition are decoded by utilizing the maximum likelihood algorithm, and then, the high-power signals in the received signals are subtracted to obtain the low-power signals which are expressed as low-power signals
Figure FDA0003398609190000013
Figure FDA0003398609190000014
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003398609190000015
which is representative of the value of the high power signal,
Figure FDA0003398609190000016
representing the value of the power signal after the superposition,
Figure FDA0003398609190000017
representing a low power signal value.
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