CN114172561B - Remote image screening and transmitting method for microsatellite - Google Patents

Remote image screening and transmitting method for microsatellite Download PDF

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CN114172561B
CN114172561B CN202111475545.4A CN202111475545A CN114172561B CN 114172561 B CN114172561 B CN 114172561B CN 202111475545 A CN202111475545 A CN 202111475545A CN 114172561 B CN114172561 B CN 114172561B
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CN114172561A (en
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陶然
李伟
梅少辉
马明阳
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18513Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention provides a remote image screening and transmitting method of a microsatellite, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a large number of images through an image sensor of a microsatellite; processing the collected image to obtain the characteristics of the image; screening the acquired image on the basis of the acquired image characteristics to obtain a representative image; transmitting the screened image to the ground through a communication system; adding the transmitted images into a transmission library, and simplifying the transmission library according to the scale limit of the transmission library; and when the images are screened, screening according to the updated and simplified transmission library. The invention screens the representative image and then transmits the representative image, and can obviously reduce the data volume of the image to be transmitted, thereby relieving the transmission bandwidth pressure of a communication system. And selecting the image with the largest difference with the transmitted image information according to the information reconstruction principle for transmission, thereby reducing the transmission data volume and simultaneously improving the information volume transmitted to the ground.

Description

Remote image screening and transmitting method for microsatellite
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite transmission, and particularly relates to a remote image screening and transmitting method of a microsatellite.
Background
The rapid development of microsatellite technology has made it possible to test innovative scientific and engineering techniques in a spatial environment on a smaller scale. For example, the PhoneSat project developed by the united states space agency embeds the satellite "manufacturing" process with smartphone technology, which can support technical applications, education, and the national space exploration program. The QB50 project aims at emitting 50 cubic satellites with the size of 10 multiplied by 10 cm, and mainly aims at promoting the development of space entering capacity, developing scientific detection of atmospheric low-heat layers, verifying novel aerospace technology and realizing extensive aerospace engineering education. Therefore, the small satellite provides a more convenient platform for related space science research with the advantages of lower cost, shorter development period and the like.
Remote sensing tasks or earth observation tasks are one of the important tasks of the microsatellite and are widely verified on a microsatellite platform. However, the shortage of the communication bandwidth greatly restricts the transmission of images. Imaging systems on microsatellite platforms can acquire a large number of images, but due to limitations in power consumption, bandwidth, etc., only a few parts of the images can be transmitted back to the surface. For example, if a microsatellite carries a megapixel miniature camera for earth observation, it takes several seconds or even more to transmit only one image back to the ground or a relay satellite. However, the micro-camera is also capable of capturing a large number of images during the image transfer process. For high resolution or multi-camera sensing systems, more image data will not be transmitted back to the surface. In such a case, the image that can be transmitted occupies only a very small portion of the acquired image, and it is important how to efficiently perform the image transmission. The existing method mainly compresses images, and reduces the data volume of each image so as to transmit more images. However, the image compression technique can only reduce the data amount of each image, and the total data amount of all images is still large. Furthermore, if the compression rate is too large, the image quality will be greatly degraded, seriously affecting the results of various subsequent image-based applications.
Disclosure of Invention
An image sensor on a microsatellite platform can acquire a large amount of image information, but the transmission bandwidth of a communication system of the microsatellite platform is limited, all images cannot be transmitted in time, and important information is lost. In view of this, in order to alleviate the contradiction between the strong acquisition capacity and the limited communication bandwidth of the image sensor in the microsatellite platform, the invention provides a remote image screening and transmission technology of the microsatellite, which identifies the most representative image in the image transmission process for transmission, thereby fully playing the information acquisition capacity of the image acquisition system of the microsatellite in the satellite remote sensing task, avoiding the loss of important image information and reducing the transmission pressure of the communication system.
The invention solves the contradiction between a large amount of image information acquired by an image sensor on a micro satellite platform and the limited transmission bandwidth of a communication system and the problem that the conventional image acquisition and transmission system cannot maximize the amount of image information transmitted to the ground.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the remote image screening and transmitting method of the microsatellite comprises the following steps:
image acquisition, feature extraction, image screening, image transmission, transmission library updating and simplification;
the image acquisition is to acquire a large number of images through an image sensor of a microsatellite;
the characteristic extraction is to process the collected image to obtain the characteristics of the image;
image screening the collected images on the basis of the obtained image characteristics to obtain representative images;
the image transmission is to transmit the screened image to the ground through a communication system;
the updating and the simplification of the transmission library are to add the transmitted image into the transmission library and to simplify the transmission library according to the scale limitation of the transmission library; and when the images are screened, screening according to the updated and simplified transmission library.
(1) Image acquisition: an image sensor of the microsatellite platform acquires n images.
(2) Feature extraction: and performing feature representation on the image acquired by the image sensor.
The feature extraction technique is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting a spatial pyramid structure to carry out segmentation processing on an image, segmenting the image into 5 image areas including upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right and middle, then extracting color histogram features of the 5 areas respectively, and then splicing the color histograms of the 5 areas to form a final feature vector of the image. Therefore, the ith image can be represented as f by a feature extraction technique i ,1≤i≤n。
(3) Image screening: and on the basis of obtaining the image characteristics, screening the information to be transmitted according to the information of the transmission library and an information reconstruction principle.
(31) Judging whether the transmission library is empty: if no image is transmitted before the current moment, the transmission library is empty; otherwise the transport pool is not empty.
(32) Screening images to be transmitted: when screening images, different screening operations need to be adopted according to whether the transmission library is empty or not.
And if the transmission library is empty, image screening cannot be performed according to the information of the transmission library. The closer a certain image is to the center of all images, the more representative the image is of all other images. Therefore, the invention designs a center-based method for screening the 1 st representative image, and particularly screens the 1 st representative image according to the following criteria and is denoted by f 1 s
Figure BDA0003393084710000021
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003393084710000022
is the center of all image feature vectors.
And B, if the transmission library is not empty, screening the images according to the information of the transmission library. The invention screens representative images according to the principle of information reconstruction. If the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is small, the information of the image is indicated to be contained in the transmission library, namely the information of the image is transmitted; on the contrary, if the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is large, it indicates that the transmission library does not contain the information of the image, and the information in the image is not transmitted yet.
Therefore, the reconstruction error of the image reconstructed by the transmission library can be used as a criterion for image screening, and the image information transmitted to the ground can be greatly different by selecting the image with the maximum reconstruction error in each screening, so that the transmission of repeated image information is avoided, the risk of losing important image information is also reduced, and the information amount of the transmitted image is maximized.
Assuming that (m-1) images have been transmitted prior to the current screening, the transmission library may be represented as
Figure BDA0003393084710000031
The invention designs the following screening criterion based on the maximum reconstruction error, thereby selecting the mth representative image and representing the representative image as
Figure BDA0003393084710000032
Figure BDA0003393084710000033
Wherein x is i Representing the adoption of a transport library
Figure BDA0003393084710000034
Reconstruction of the ith image f i The reconstruction coefficient of time. In general, the reconstruction coefficient x i Can be obtained by using an orthogonal projection algorithm and calculated as
Figure BDA0003393084710000035
(4) Image transmission: and transmitting the screened images to the ground through a wireless communication system.
(5) Updating and simplifying a transmission library: and adding the images which are successfully transmitted into the transmission library, and limiting and simplifying the transmission library according to the scale of the transmission library.
(51) Updating a transmission library: and adding the images which are successfully transmitted into the transmission library to update the information of the transmitted images in the transmission library. The specific operation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003393084710000036
(52) judging whether the size of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit: due to the limited storage and computing resources of the microsatellite platform, the image information contained in the transmission library cannot be increased indefinitely. And calculating the maximum storable image quantity according to the storage space of the transmission library, and judging whether the scale of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit or not by comparing the transmitted image quantity with the maximum storable image quantity.
(53) The transmission library is simplified: when the size of the transmission library exceeds the maximum storable image number of the on-satellite transmission library, the number of the transmitted images stored in the transmission library is not increased. At this point, in order to ensure that representative images can be subsequently selected, the least representative images need to be removed from the stored transmitted images.
In the invention, the transmission library is simplified by adopting the principle of information reconstruction. When a certain image in the transmission library is used for reconstructing all other images in the transmission library, the larger the reconstruction error is, the more different the information of the other images is from the information of the image, the other images should be kept, and the image is removed. Therefore, the invention proposes to select the image to be removed from the transmission library based on the transmission library reduction criterion of the maximum reconstruction error and to represent the image to be removed as f r
Figure BDA0003393084710000037
Wherein f is i s Is a transmission library
Figure BDA0003393084710000038
The ith transmitted image in (a),
Figure BDA0003393084710000039
representing all but the ith image in the transport library,
Figure BDA00033930847100000310
is the reconstruction coefficient for reconstructing all other images by using the ith image, and can be calculated as
Figure BDA00033930847100000311
After the image to be removed is obtained, the image is deleted from the transport library, denoted as
Figure BDA00033930847100000312
The invention provides a remote screening transmission method on a microsatellite platform, which has the following benefits:
1) the representative images are screened and then transmitted, so that the data volume of the images to be transmitted can be obviously reduced, and the transmission bandwidth pressure of a communication system is relieved.
2) And when the image is screened and transmitted every time, the image with the largest difference with the transmitted image information is selected according to the principle of information reconstruction and transmitted, so that the amount of transmitted data is reduced, and the amount of information transmitted to the ground is increased.
3) When the on-board transmission library exceeds the maximum storage limit, the transmission library updating and simplifying technology is adopted, so that the storage and calculation pressure of the transmission library is reduced, and the transmission library can be ensured to always keep the information of the transmitted images.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of image segmentation of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
The flow chart of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the specific implementation thereof comprises the following steps: image acquisition, feature extraction, image screening, image transmission, transmission library updating and simplification. The image acquisition is to acquire a large number of images through an image sensor of a microsatellite; the characteristic extraction is to process the collected image to obtain the characteristics of the image; image screening the collected images on the basis of the obtained image characteristics to obtain representative images; the image transmission is to transmit the screened image to the ground through a communication system; the updating and the simplification of the transmission library are to add the transmitted image into the transmission library and to simplify the transmission library according to the scale limitation of the transmission library. And when the images are screened, screening according to the updated and simplified transmission library.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(1) beginning: the image sensor of the microsatellite is turned on.
(2) Image acquisition: an image sensor of the microsatellite platform acquires n images.
(3) Feature extraction: and performing feature representation on the image acquired by the image sensor. The feature extraction technology of the invention is specifically as follows: the image is segmented by adopting a spatial pyramid structure, the image is segmented into 5 image regions including upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right and middle as shown in fig. 2, then color histogram features are respectively extracted from the 5 regions, and then the color histograms of the 5 regions are spliced to form a final feature vector of the image. Therefore, the ith image can be represented as f by a feature extraction technique i (1≤i≤n)。
(4) Image screening: and on the basis of obtaining the image characteristics, screening the information to be transmitted according to the information of the transmission library and an information reconstruction principle.
1) Judging whether the transmission library is empty: if no image is transmitted before the current moment, the transmission library is empty; otherwise the transport pool is not empty.
2) Screening images to be transmitted: when screening images, different screening operations need to be adopted according to whether the transmission library is empty or not.
And if the transmission library is empty, image screening cannot be performed according to the information of the transmission library. The closer a certain image is to the center of all images, the more representative the image is of all other images. Therefore, the invention designs a center-based method for screening the 1 st representative image, and particularly screens the 1 st representative image according to the following criteria and is denoted by f 1 s
Figure BDA0003393084710000051
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003393084710000052
is the center of all image feature vectors.
And B, if the transmission library is not empty, screening the image according to the information of the transmission library. The invention screens representative images according to the principle of information reconstruction. If the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is small, the information of the image is indicated to be contained in the transmission library, namely the information of the image is transmitted; on the contrary, if the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is large, it indicates that the transmission library does not contain the information of the image, and the information in the image is not transmitted yet.
Therefore, the reconstruction error of the image reconstructed by the transmission library can be used as a criterion for image screening, and the image information transmitted to the ground can be greatly different by selecting the image with the maximum reconstruction error in each screening, so that the transmission of repeated image information is avoided, the risk of losing important image information is also reduced, and the information amount of the transmitted image is maximized.
Assuming that (m-1) images have been transmitted prior to the current screening, the transmission library may be represented as
Figure BDA0003393084710000053
The invention designs the following screening criterion based on the maximum reconstruction error, thereby selecting the mth representativeA sexual image, and is represented as
Figure BDA0003393084710000054
Figure BDA0003393084710000055
Wherein x is i Representing the adoption of a transport library
Figure BDA0003393084710000056
Reconstructing the ith image f i Reconstruction coefficients of time. In general, the reconstruction coefficient x i Can be obtained by using an orthogonal projection algorithm and calculated as
Figure BDA0003393084710000057
(6) Image transmission: and transmitting the screened images to the ground through a wireless communication system.
(6) Updating and simplifying a transmission library: and adding the images which are successfully transmitted into the transmission library, and limiting and simplifying the transmission library according to the scale of the transmission library.
1) Updating a transmission library: and adding the images which are successfully transmitted into the transmission library to update the information of the transmitted images in the transmission library. The specific operation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003393084710000058
2) judging whether the size of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit: due to the limited storage and computing resources of the microsatellite platform, the image information contained in the transmission library cannot be increased indefinitely. And calculating the maximum storable image quantity according to the storage space of the transmission library, and judging whether the scale of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit or not by comparing the transmitted image quantity with the maximum storable image quantity.
3) The transmission library is simplified: when the size of the transmission library exceeds the maximum storable image number of the on-satellite transmission library, the number of the transmitted images stored in the transmission library is not increased. At this point, in order to ensure that representative images can be subsequently selected, the least representative images need to be removed from the stored transmitted images.
In the invention, the transmission library is simplified by adopting the principle of information reconstruction. When a certain image in the transmission library is used for reconstructing all other images in the transmission library, the larger the reconstruction error is, the more different the information of the other images is from the information of the image, the other images should be kept, and the image is removed. Therefore, the invention proposes to select the image to be removed from the transport library based on the transport library reduction criterion of the maximum reconstruction error and to represent the image to be removed as f r
Figure BDA0003393084710000061
Wherein f is i s Is a transmission library
Figure BDA0003393084710000062
The ith transmitted image in (a),
Figure BDA0003393084710000063
representing all but the ith image in the transport library,
Figure BDA0003393084710000064
is the reconstruction coefficient for reconstructing all other images by using the ith image, and can be calculated as
Figure BDA0003393084710000065
After the image to be removed is obtained, the image is deleted from the transport library, denoted as
Figure BDA0003393084710000066
(7) Judging whether to continue transmission: if the transmission is continued, repeating the image screening, the image transmission and the updating and simplification of the transmission library; otherwise, ending the image screening and transmission process.

Claims (1)

1. The remote image screening and transmitting method of the microsatellite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
image acquisition, feature extraction, image screening, image transmission, transmission library updating and simplification;
the image acquisition is to acquire a large number of images through an image sensor of a microsatellite;
the characteristic extraction is to process the collected image to obtain the characteristics of the image;
image screening the collected images on the basis of the obtained image characteristics to obtain representative images;
the image transmission is to transmit the screened image to the ground through a communication system;
the updating and the simplification of the transmission library are to add the transmitted image into the transmission library and to simplify the transmission library according to the scale limitation of the transmission library; wherein, when screening images, the images need to be screened according to the updated and simplified transmission library;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) image acquisition: acquiring n images by an image sensor of a microsatellite platform;
(2) feature extraction:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a spatial pyramid structure to carry out segmentation processing on an image, segmenting the image into 5 image areas including upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right and middle, then extracting color histogram features from the 5 areas respectively, and then splicing the color histograms of the 5 areas to form a final feature vector of the image; the ith image is denoted as f by a feature extraction technique i ,1≤i≤n;
(3) Image screening: on the basis of obtaining the image characteristics, screening the information to be transmitted according to the information of the transmission library and an information reconstruction principle, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
(31) judging whether the transmission library is empty: if no image is transmitted before the current moment, the transmission library is empty; otherwise, the transmission library is not empty;
(32) screening images to be transmitted: when screening images, different screening operations need to be adopted according to whether a transmission library is empty or not:
if the transmission library is empty, image screening can not be carried out according to the information of the transmission library; if the center of a certain image is closer to the center of all the images, the image can represent all other images; screening the 1 st representative image by a center-based method, specifically screening the 1 st representative image according to the following criteria, and expressing as
Figure FDA0003705912370000011
Figure FDA0003705912370000012
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003705912370000013
is the center of all image feature vectors;
b, if the transmission library is not empty, screening the images according to the information of the transmission library; screening representative images according to the information reconstruction principle; if the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is small, the information of the image is indicated to be contained in the transmission library, namely the information of the image is transmitted; on the contrary, if the reconstruction error of a certain image when reconstructed by the transmission library is large, the transmission library does not contain the information of the image, and the information in the image is not transmitted;
assuming that m-1 images have been transmitted prior to the current screening, the transmission library is represented as
Figure FDA0003705912370000021
Selecting the mth representative image based on the screening criterion of the maximum reconstruction error, and expressing the mth representative image as
Figure FDA0003705912370000022
Figure FDA0003705912370000023
Wherein x is i Representing the adoption of a transport library
Figure FDA0003705912370000024
Reconstruction of the ith image f i A temporal reconstruction coefficient; reconstruction coefficient x i Using an orthogonal projection algorithm, the calculation is:
Figure FDA0003705912370000025
(4) image transmission: transmitting the screened images to the ground through a wireless communication system;
(5) updating and simplifying a transmission library, and specifically comprises the following substeps:
(51) updating a transmission library: adding the successfully transmitted images into a transmission library to update the information of the transmitted images in the transmission library; the specific operation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003705912370000026
(52) judging whether the size of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit: because the storage and computing resources of the microsatellite platform are limited, the image information contained in the transmission library cannot be increased infinitely; calculating the maximum storable image quantity according to the storage space of the transmission library, and judging whether the scale of the transmission library is larger than the storage limit or not by comparing the transmitted image quantity with the maximum storable image quantity;
(53) the transmission library is simplified: when the size of the transmission library exceeds the maximum storable image quantity of the on-satellite transmission library, the quantity of the transmitted images stored in the transmission library is not increased any more; at this time, in order to ensure that representative images can be selected continuously subsequently, the least representative images need to be removed from the stored transmitted images;
and (53) simplifying the transmission library by adopting the information reconstruction principle:
when a certain image in the transmission library is adopted to reconstruct all other images in the transmission library, the larger the reconstruction error is, the more different the information of the other images is from the information of the image, the other images are required to be reserved, and the image is removed; selecting an image to be removed from the transmission library based on a transmission library reduction criterion of the maximum reconstruction error, and representing the image to be removed as f r
Figure FDA0003705912370000027
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003705912370000028
is a transmission library
Figure FDA0003705912370000029
The ith transmitted image in (a),
Figure FDA00037059123700000210
representing all but the ith image in the transport library,
Figure FDA00037059123700000211
the reconstruction coefficient for reconstructing all other images by using the ith image is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA00037059123700000212
after the image to be removed is obtained, the image is deleted from the transmission library, denoted as
Figure FDA00037059123700000213
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