CN114169563A - Feedback type balance optimization method for personnel operation scheduling of nuclear-involved workplaces - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation protection and radiation safety, and particularly relates to a feedback type balance optimization method for personnel operation scheduling in a nuclear-involved workplace. The method comprises the following steps: step S1: establishing a group personal dose profile; step S2: constructing a job distribution characteristic element system; step S3: grading the characteristic elements and determining the weight; step S4: personal dose prospective assessment; step S5: determining the priority of the staff; step S6: and (5) feedback updating of personal dosage information. The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the working sequence and the working time of the workers can be set according to the environment real-time monitoring data and the historical dosage data of the workers and other factors, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the radiation risk is reduced; (2) the labor cost is saved, and only the operation scheduling rule needs to be formulated without interfering the execution process of the operation; (3) the probability of job assignment errors is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation protection and radiation safety, and particularly relates to a feedback type balance optimization method for personnel operation scheduling in a nuclear-involved workplace.
Background
With the wide application of nuclear technology in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, environment, materials and the like, more and more radioactive workers are engaged, and the radiation risk is increased. Personnel who engage in radioactive work for a long time run the risk of dose exceeding the standard and threaten the health of the personnel. In order to protect the workers from excessive radiation, strict personal dose monitoring is usually adopted in combination with scientific work distribution in addition to wearing necessary personal protective equipment, so as to reduce the radiation exposure of the workers as much as possible.
The existing radioactivity operation management is mostly in a shift type, namely all nuclear workers wear thermoluminescent personal dosimeters or electronic personal dosimeters to work on duty in turn, the thermoluminescent personal dosimeters are used for monitoring the external irradiation accumulated dose of the nuclear workers, and the electronic personal dosimeters are used for dose overproof early warning. However, the above operation has the following problems:
firstly, for the workplace with higher radioactivity, the information such as sudden change of radiation environment, system difference of operators, working state and accumulated working time is not considered, although the thermoluminescence dosimeter can be used for evaluating the external irradiation dose of the operators, the measurement and data processing of the thermoluminescence dosimeter are generally carried out in a centralized mode after a period of time, the data is delayed, the external irradiation of individuals cannot be reflected in real time, and the information of the internal irradiation dose of the individuals is not included.
And secondly, for a small amount of workers, duty shift can be adopted, and for more involved checking stations, the possibility of manual error is increased along with the increase of the number of workers and the improvement of the work complexity. Once the environment radiation field is suddenly changed or a periodic strong radiation field occurs, the dosage of individual workers can exceed the standard, and radioactive accidents are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feedback type balanced optimization method for personnel operation scheduling in nuclear-involved workplaces, aiming at radiation safety hazards possibly existing in personnel working in high-level radiation places for a long time, factors such as a management system, personnel individual differences, site radiation levels, individual accumulated doses and the like are comprehensively considered, and radiation doses received by all nuclear-involved workers can be effectively reduced and radiation safety accidents are avoided by methods such as task characteristic description, characteristic element selection and weight distribution, prospective evaluation of the radiation doses of the workers, feedback type correction of monitoring data, a personnel operation distribution algorithm and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a feedback type balance optimization method for personnel operation scheduling of nuclear-involved workplaces comprises the following steps:
step S1: establishing a group personal dose profile;
step S2: constructing a job distribution characteristic element system;
step S3: grading the characteristic elements and determining the weight;
step S4: personal dose prospective assessment;
step S5: determining the priority of the staff;
step S6: and (5) feedback updating of personal dosage information.
The step S1 includes the following contents, management factors, objective factors of personnel, subjective factors of personnel and environmental factors;
the management factors are continuous working time requirements, continuous working time interval requirements, physical condition requirements and dosage constraint values;
the personnel objective factors are the personal accumulated dosage, the accumulated working time, the accumulated time interval and the like of the year, and the physical condition;
the subjective factors of the personnel are expected working time and expected working salary; the environmental factors comprise the level of neutron/gamma radiation field, the level of surface pollution and the activity concentration of radioactive nuclide.
The step S2 includes mandatory and non-mandatory factors;
the mandatory factors refer to relevant regulations to be followed by personnel during working, including management factors and environmental factors;
the management system FM: the method refers to management regulations for related nuclear workers, and the indexes are safety management constraint indexes including continuous working time, accumulated working time intervals, physical states and dosage constraints;
environmental factors include site radiation level FEThe method refers to the contribution of radioactive nuclides in a site and internal and external irradiation doses generated by a penetrating radiation field of the radioactive nuclides to a human body, and through site radiation level online monitoring, prospective evaluation can be carried out on the radiation dose received by a worker in a single working time so as to evaluate whether the accumulated dose of the worker exceeds a dose constraint value after the task, wherein the accumulated dose of the worker comprises the concentration of the radioactive nuclides in the site, the neutron/gamma dose level and the surface pollution level;
the non-mandatory factors comprise artificial subjective factors and artificial objective factors, and specific indexes comprise annual individual accumulated dose, accumulated working time, accumulated time interval and the like, salary treatment and individual difference;
personal cumulative dose RDAll accumulated doses and annual accumulated doses from a certain cut-off time to before the task;
cumulative working time TPAccumulating the working time for a single person before the work and the last working time;
accumulated time interval TIThe time before the work is started is the time from the last work;
individual difference of person FPRefers to the personal physical quality of the staff and also includes the situation that the staff is not suitable for doing radioactive work for a long time.
The step S3 includes extracting the feature quantity of the feature element, grading the feature element according to the feature quantity, and determining the weight of the feature quantity, which is the management system weight epsilonFMSalary handling weight epsilonFTIndividual-to-individual difference weight εFPSite radiation level weight εFEPersonal cumulative dose weight εRDA and anWeight of accumulated working time of person epsilonTPPersonal working time interval weight εTI(ii) a Wherein, the field radiation level is used as a first-level index; the management system is a secondary index; the personal objective factor is a three-level index; the personal subjective factor is a four-level index;
site radiation level weight εFE: the index is used to assess whether the annual dose level received by the staff exceeds the dose constraint value by 5mSv, and if so, epsilon FE0, if dose constraint is not reached, thenFE＝1；
Management system weight epsilonFM: when satisfied, epsilon FM1, otherwise εFM＝0；
Personal cumulative dose weight εRD: all accumulated doses from a certain off-time to after the task;
personal cumulative working time weight εTP: the working time of a single person aiming at a certain task is accumulated;
personal working time interval weight epsilonTI: before the task starts, the time from the last time of the task;
individual-to-individual difference weight εFP: the personal physical quality of workers also comprises the condition that the workers are not suitable for radioactive work for a long time;
salary handling weight epsilonFT: the determination is made according to the desires of the worker.
The step S4 includes the steps of,
(1) internal exposure dose estimation
E＝I·e(g)
Wherein e (g) is the dose coefficient (Sv/Bq); i is Intake (Intake, Bq), which refers to the activity of the radionuclide that enters the body by inhalation, ingestion, or skin entry;
(2) external exposure dose estimation
Including gamma ray exposure dose estimation and neutron external exposure dose estimation.
The gamma ray irradiation dose estimation adopts a kerma to effective dose estimation method or a peripheral dose equivalent to effective dose estimation method for estimation.
And the neutron external irradiation dose estimation adopts estimation from neutron fluence to effective dose or estimation from neutron ambient dose equivalent rate to effective dose.
Step S5 includes performing weighted calculation on the feature elements and their weights of each person in the group, assigning 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 to the feature elements with different levels from one level to four, and multiplying each level by the weight of the feature element in response to obtain the work priority of each person in the group, where the higher the value is, the higher the priority is, the priority of the jth person can be expressed as:
Pj＝εFEj·(T2·εFMj+T3·εRDj·εTPj·εTIj·εFPj+T4·εFTj)。
the step S5 includes the steps of,
after the work is finished, the internal and external irradiation dose level received by the working personnel at this time is monitored, and the personal dose file information in the group is updated according to the monitoring result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the working sequence and the working time of the workers can be set according to the environment real-time monitoring data and the historical dosage data of the workers and other factors, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the radiation risk is reduced; (2) the labor cost is saved, and only the operation scheduling rule needs to be formulated without interfering the execution process of the operation; (3) the probability of job assignment errors is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a feedback equalization optimization method for personnel scheduling in a nuclear-involved workplace according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of job assignment feature elements;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the conversion coefficient of the single-energy photon unit air kerma to the effective dose;
FIG. 4 is a conversion coefficient of the single-energy photon unit air kerma to the ambient dose equivalent;
FIG. 5 is a conversion coefficient of monoenergetic neutron fluence to effective dose;
FIG. 6 is a conversion coefficient of monoenergetic neutron fluence to ambient dose equivalence.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Aiming at personnel working in a higher radioactive place for a long time, the invention establishes a set of intelligent feedback type operation scheduling balance optimization method, comprehensively considers information such as radioactivity level, personnel accumulated dose information, personnel constitution, accumulated working time, salary treatment, management system and the like of a nuclear-involved working place, reasonably distributes the time for carrying out radioactive work, reduces the radiation dose of all personnel as far as possible under the conditions of ensuring completion of working tasks, personal benefits and the like, and avoids accidents such as exceeding of the dose of individual personnel and the like.
The feedback type equilibrium scheduling method is an optimization method which carries out prospective evaluation on the acceptable dose of workers in a single task on the basis of annual accumulated dose of nuclear workers, and carries out feedback type correction on monitoring data of the effective dose of the workers so as to carry out reasonable operation distribution on the workers.
As shown in fig. 1, the feedback type equalization optimization method for personnel job scheduling in a nuclear-involved workplace specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: establishing a group personal dosage profile
Aiming at all nuclear workers of a certain task, a temporary task allocation group is formed, and personal dosage file information of the group is established, wherein the personal dosage file information comprises the following contents, management factors, objective factors of workers, subjective factors of the workers and environmental factors.
Management factors: continuous working time requirement; continuous operating time interval requirements, physical condition requirements, dose constraint values, etc.
Objective factors of the personnel: annual individual cumulative dose, cumulative working hours, cumulative time intervals, etc., physical condition, etc.;
subjective factors of personnel: expected work hours, expected work salaries, etc.
Environmental factors: neutron/gamma etc. radiation field level, surface contamination level, radionuclide activity concentration etc.
Step S2: constructing a job distribution characteristic element system, analyzing important factors possibly influencing job distribution, and establishing the job distribution characteristic element system, as shown in fig. 2, the specific contents include:
(1) mandatory factors: mandatory factors mainly refer to relevant regulations and the like that a person must comply with during work, including administrative factors, environmental factors and the like.
Management System FM: the method mainly refers to management regulation of related nuclear workers, and the index is a safety management constraint index which must be met under normal conditions, including continuous working time, accumulated working time interval, physical state, dosage constraint and the like.
Site radiation level FE: the method mainly refers to the contribution of radioactive nuclides in a site and internal and external irradiation doses generated by a penetrating radiation field of the radioactive nuclides to a human body, and through site radiation level online monitoring, prospective evaluation can be carried out on the radiation dose received by a worker in a single working time so as to evaluate whether the accumulated dose of the worker exceeds a dose constraint value after the task, wherein the dose constraint value comprises the concentration of the radioactive nuclides in the site, the neutron/gamma dose level, the surface pollution level and the like.
(2) Non-mandatory factors
The non-mandatory factors are indexes needing important attention in operation distribution and mainly include artificial subjective factors and artificial objective factors, and specific indexes include annual individual accumulated dose, accumulated working time, accumulated time interval and the like, salary treatment, individual difference and the like.
Personal cumulative dose RD: all cumulative doses and annual cumulative doses from some cutoff time until the present task.
Cumulative working time TP: the working time before the work is accumulated by a single person and the last working time.
Accumulated time interval TI: before the work is started, the time from the last work is obtained.
Salary treatment FT: salary treatment should be made according to the accumulated working time and working efficiency of the staff in a certain dosageUnder the horizontal limit value, the requirement of working time of workers can be fully considered. The index reflects only the personal intention, which is to satisfy the regulatory regime and the actual physical condition of the individual in the first place.
Individual difference of person FP: mainly refers to personal physical quality of workers, and also includes situations which are not suitable for long-term radioactive work, such as skin diseases, pregnancy and the like.
Step S3: feature element ranking and weighting determination
Extracting the characteristic quantity of the characteristic elements, wherein the characteristic quantity has the characteristics of measurement, evaluation, verification and the like, classifying the characteristic elements according to the characteristic quantity, and determining the weight of the characteristic quantity, namely the management system weight epsilonFMSalary handling weight epsilonFTIndividual-to-individual difference weight εFPSite radiation level weight εFEPersonal cumulative dose weight εRDPersonal cumulative working time weight εTPPersonal working time interval weight εTI. The personnel working in the radioactivity should obey the relevant regulations of radiation safety, and the radiation level of the place is taken as a first-level index; secondly, the premise of the operation allocation of the working personnel is that the management of a unit is obeyed, and the management system is a secondary index; the personal objective factors are the synthesis of the radiation dose level received by the staff and the personal physique, and play a key role in operation distribution, and include personal cumulative dose, cumulative working time, cumulative time interval and personal individual difference, which are three-level indexes; the personal subjective factors are taken as secondary factors, belong to personal wishes, are subject to unit management and most of personal wishes, and can not be considered in general conditions, such as salary treatment, and are four-level indexes.
Site radiation level weight εFE: and carrying out prospective evaluation on the internal and external irradiation doses which can be accepted by a single task of personnel according to real-time online monitoring data such as the concentration of radioactive nuclides in the site, the neutron/gamma dose level, the surface pollution level and the like, thereby determining the radiation level weight of the site. The index is mainly used for evaluating whether the annual dose level received by a worker exceeds a dose constraint value of 5mSv, and if so, epsilon FE0, if dose constraint is not reached, thenFE＝1。
Management system weight epsilonFM: e.g. a unit of continuous operating time not exceeding CT1Cumulative working time interval CT of 12 hours2The patient is strictly controlled to stay on duty for 8 hours, the dose constraint is 5mSv, etc. When the above requirements are satisfied, epsilon FM1, otherwise εFM＝0。
Personal cumulative dose weight εRD: from a certain off-time to all accumulated doses after the task. Suppose the personal cumulative dose for a worker is D1Average cumulative personal dose for the task group was DMThen eRD＝DM/D1If the cumulative dosage of the individual exceeds the dose constraint, then εRD＝0。
Personal cumulative working time weight εTP: the working time is accumulated for a single person for a certain task. Suppose that the accumulated working time before the task of a certain worker is P1Average cumulative hours worked by individuals in the group was PmThen eTP＝1-(P1-Pm)/Pm。
Personal working time interval weight epsilonTI: before the task starts, the time from the last task is the time. Suppose that the distance between the work of a certain worker and the last rest time is I1In hours, then eTI＝1+(I1-CT2)/CT2。
Individual-to-individual difference weight εFP: mainly refers to personal physical quality of workers, and also includes situations which are not suitable for long-term radioactive work, such as skin diseases, pregnancy and the like. For example, if a worker is physically uncomfortable, thenFP0.6; if a worker suffers from a skin disorder or is pregnant and is not suitable for doing radiological work, epsilonFP＝0。
Salary handling weight epsilonFT: e.g., if a worker desires to obtain more work time to obtain more salaries, then εFT1.2, etc.
Step S4: personal dose prospective assessment
And carrying out prospective prediction on personal dosage of workers according to real-time online monitoring data of a nuclear-related workplace.
(1) Internal exposure dose estimation
The radioactive material is distributed to various tissues and organs of the human body after entering the human body. The tissue or organ containing the radionuclide that releases the radiation energy is commonly referred to as the "source organ (S)"; and the tissue or organ that absorbs this radiant energy is referred to as the "target organ (T)". The radiation energy released from the source organ (S) will be absorbed, in whole or in part, by the respective target organ, with concomitant decay of the nuclei, thereby causing a dose to the target organ. The share of the radiation energy of the R < th > kind emitted in the source organ S that is absorbed by the target organ T is represented by an absorption score AF (T ← S) R. Knowing the Absorption Fraction (AF), the radiation energy (E), the radiation yield (Y) and the radiation weighting factor (WR), the equivalent dose produced by nuclear decay of a certain radionuclide (j) in the source organ (S) once for the target organ (T) can be calculated as follows.
Wherein YR and E are the yield and energy of the R-th radiation emitted by the source organ; AF (T ← S) R is the absorption fraction of the R-th radiation emitted by the source organ to the target organ; mT is the mass of the target organ; SEE T ← S, called specific efficacy (SEE).
If the total number of decays U in each source organ S is known within a certain time period T after the radionuclide (j) enters the human bodyS,j(τ), the equivalent dose to be integrated HT (τ) to which a particular target organ T is subjected can be calculated from the specific effective energy SEE (T ← S).
Where c is the unit conversion constant, US, j (τ) is the total number of decays of the radionuclide j in the source organ S within τ time, SEE (T ← S) j is the specific effective energy of the nuclide j. Considering the tissue weight factor WT of an organ, the effective dose E (τ) to be integrated can be calculated as follows:
wherein E (tau) is effective dose for accumulation, and is taken for 50 years for adult tau; WT is a tissue weight factor.
It can be seen that the Absorption Fraction (AF) and the number of decay times (US) are two important data in the estimation of the internal radiation dose. The Absorption Fraction (AF) is usually calculated using a human body model. The AF data that is currently widely used is calculated by Cristy and Eckerman using the ORNL mathematical model of 6 ages of infant, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, adult, etc. The calculation of the decay times US also needs to know two important data, namely the activity of the radioactive substance entering the human body; the second is the metabolic rule of radioactive substances in various organs or tissues after entering the human body through a specific way. The latter can be calculated using an ICRP biodynamics (library) model and corresponding metabolic parameters, which can be calculated in advance with the Absorption Fraction (AF) as a parameter, i.e. the dose conversion factor e (g).
Therefore, the internal radiation dose estimation process can be simplified as follows:
E＝I·e(g)
wherein e (g) is the dose coefficient (Sv/Bq); i is Intake (Intake, Bq), which refers to the activity of a radionuclide that enters the body by inhalation, ingestion, or skin entry. The uptake of radionuclides in vivo, in terms of the time course of their occurrence, can be divided into two distinct uptake patterns: single (acute) intake and continuous (chronic) intake. For workers, the possibility of single intake is high, and multiple intakes in a short period are also popularization of single intake. The uptake of radionuclides by workers exposed to this concentration for extended periods of time continues while the concentration of the nuclides in the air remains constant.
(2) External exposure dose estimation
The external irradiation dose estimation can adopt theoretical calculation and Monte Carlo simulation methods, common Monte Carlo software comprises Geant4, MCNP and the like, and conversion is carried out according to environmental neutron and gamma ray energy and measured values during theoretical calculation.
1) Gamma ray
Method for estimating effective dose by comparing kinetic energy
The gamma radiation monitoring amount in the environment is mainly the kerma rate or the equivalent rate of the peripheral dose, and for the kerma rate, the kerma rate can be converted into the external irradiation effective dose according to the environment gamma energy spectrum information, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, EeγRepresents the effective dose of external irradiation, mu Sv, generated by gamma rays in the environment to a person;
representing the share of gamma rays with energy i in the environment; cEkiThe coefficient of conversion of the kinetic energy of free air kerma in gamma-ray units of energy i into effective dose, Sv/Gy, which is referred to the value recommended in ICRP publication No. 74, as shown in fig. 3; k is a radical ofaRepresenting the measurement result of the nuclear activity place ambient air kerma rate, mu Gy/h; t is the kinetic energy rate of the person in the air, kaThe residence time in the environment of (1), h.
Estimation method of equivalent to effective dose of peripheral dose
When the gamma radiation monitoring amount in the environment is the peripheral dose equivalent rate, the peripheral dose equivalent rate can be converted into a kerma rate, and then the external irradiation effective dose of the gamma ray to the human body is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, H (10) represents the measurement result of the dose equivalent rate around the environment gamma ray, mu Sv/H; cHkiThe coefficient of conversion, Sv/Gy, of the rate of air kerma to the rate of equivalent of the surrounding dose for gamma rays of energy i is expressed, which is referred to the value recommended in the ICRP publication No. 74As shown in fig. 4.
2) Neutron external exposure dose estimation
Estimating neutron fluence to effective dose
The external dose of ambient neutron radiation to the human body can be estimated by multiplying the neutron fluence by the neutron fluence-dose conversion coefficient, as follows:
in the formula, EenRepresenting an effective dose of external radiation to a person produced by ambient neutrons, pSv;
representing the fraction of neutron fluence with energy i; cnEΦiRepresenting the conversion coefficient of the neutron fluence of energy i to the effective dose, pSv cm2The values are referred to in the ICRP publication No. 74, as shown in fig. 5. Phi represents the result of monitoring the neutron fluence in the ambient air of the nuclear activity site, cm-2s-1(ii) a t is the time, s, that a person stays in an environment with a neutron fluence of Φ.
Estimation of neutron ambient dose equivalent rate to effective dose
When the environmental monitoring data is the neutron ambient dose equivalent rate, the conversion coefficient from the single-energy neutron ambient dose equivalent rate to the neutron fluence can be converted into the fluence, and then the external irradiation effective dose of the neutrons to the human body is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, CnHΦiRepresenting the conversion coefficient of the neutron fluence of energy i to the surrounding dose equivalent, pSv cm2；HnAnd (10) represents the neutron ambient dose equivalent rate, pSv/h. This value can be referred to as recommended in ICRP publication No. 74, as shown in fig. 6.
Step S5: staff priority determination
The feature elements and the weights of the feature elements of each person in the group are calculated in a weighted mode, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 (the values can be adjusted in the actual operation process) are respectively assigned to the feature elements with different levels from one level to four (T1-T4), each level is respectively multiplied by the weight of the corresponding feature element, the work priority of each person in the group can be obtained, the higher the numerical value is, the higher the priority is, the priority of the jth worker can be expressed as:
Pj＝εFEj·(T2·εFMj+T3·εRDj·εTPj·εTIj·εFPj+T4·εFTj)
step S6: personal dosage information feedback update
After the work is finished, the internal and external irradiation dose level received by the worker at this time is monitored, the monitoring result can verify the accuracy of the internal and external irradiation prospective estimation model, and the personal dose file information in the group is updated according to the monitoring result.
The following describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
taking a certain involved work as an example, the total 10 persons who work the work and hold the certificate on duty work are divided into two shifts each day, wherein the work is carried out for 8 hours, and each shift needs two persons on duty at the same time. The operation distribution implementation flow of the feedback type balance optimization method is as follows:
step S1: establishing a group personal dosage profile
The 10 people are divided into groups with the code numbers of X1-X10, and the information of the group personnel is updated in time if the personnel move. A profile of personal information was created for each panelist as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 personal dosage information archive for the group
Step S2: building job distribution feature element system
(1) Management System FM：
The time interval between two continuous working times is not less than 12 h.
(2) Salary treatment FT：
Staff X2, X5, X8 advised to increase working time.
(3) Individual difference of person FP：
Staff X4 was recently less fit and may be scheduled for less work.
(4) Site radiation level FE：
The gamma radiation field is contained in a certain nuclear-involved working place, the monitoring result of the kerma rate of the environmental kerma at different station positions from X1 to X10 is 1.5 mu Gy/h, and the predicted working time is 8 hours.
(5) Cumulative dose RD for individual:
the individual cumulative doses were recorded from the beginning of the group years and were 80, 60, 50, 90, 82, 60, 100, 30, 120, 150 μ Sv for staff X1-X10, respectively.
(6) Cumulative working time TP：
The cumulative working time of workers X1-X10 in the year is 80, 60, 90, 100, 85, 80, 90, 20, 70 and 90 hours respectively.
(7) Operating time interval TI：
Before the task starts, the time T from the last taskIThe time interval is not less than 12 hours and is respectively 8, 0, 8, 0, 8, 16 and 8 h.
Step S3: feature element ranking and weight assignment
The characteristic elements are divided into four levels, and the judgment criteria of different levels are shown in table 2. The higher the level is, the lower the priority of the element is, the weight distribution of the characteristic quantity adopts an expert judgment method, and the weights of different elements are determined by combining actual conditions in work.
Step S4: personal dose prospective assessment
The online monitoring data of the environmental radiation is the generation of 0.662MeV ray of the Cs-137 nuclide, and the personal dose can be evaluated according to the formula to obtain the external irradiation dose of 12.2 MuSv in the work.
Step S5: staff prioritization
According to the staff priority formula, the work priorities of different staff from X1 to X10 can be calculated, as shown below.
According to the calculated priority value, workers X8 and X9 should be prioritized for post.
Step S6: personal dosage information feedback
After the task is finished, the internal and external irradiation doses of the workers are measured, the effective dose received by the human body in the task is calculated, the accuracy of a prospective dose estimation model of the workers is evaluated, and personal dose information files of the workers are updated in real time.
The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) and a small group of personal dosage information files are established, so that the intelligent management of all nuclear workers can be realized, and potential safety hazards can be found in time.
(2) The operation distribution characteristic element system is used as an influence factor of personnel involvement operation priority and can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions.
(3) Grading the characteristic elements and classifying and evaluating different nuclear workers according to the characteristic elements.
(4) The characteristic weight is determined, and the characteristic elements are sorted according to the importance degree, which is an important basis for sorting the operation of the workers.
(5) Prospective evaluation of individual dose and determination of other factors, a key step in the digitization of characteristic factors.
(6) And determining the priority of the workers, and finally determining the priority of the workers.
(7) And feeding back the personal dose information, verifying the accuracy of the prospective evaluation model by using the monitoring data, and correcting the prospective evaluation result so as to accurately evaluate the radiation safety of the working personnel.
Claims (9)
1. A feedback type balance optimization method for personnel operation scheduling of nuclear-involved workplaces is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: establishing a group personal dose profile;
step S2: constructing a job distribution characteristic element system;
step S3: grading the characteristic elements and determining the weight;
step S4: personal dose prospective assessment;
step S5: determining the priority of the staff;
step S6: and (5) feedback updating of personal dosage information.
2. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: the step S1 includes the following contents, management factors, objective factors of personnel, subjective factors of personnel and environmental factors;
the management factors are continuous working time requirements, continuous working time interval requirements, physical condition requirements and dosage constraint values;
the personnel objective factors are the personal accumulated dosage, the accumulated working time, the accumulated time interval and the like of the year, and the physical condition;
the subjective factors of the personnel are expected working time and expected working salary;
the environmental factors are neutron/gamma radiation field level, surface pollution level and radionuclide activity concentration.
3. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: the step S2 includes mandatory and non-mandatory factors;
the mandatory factors refer to relevant regulations to be followed by personnel during working, including management factors and environmental factors;
the management system FM: the method refers to management regulations for related nuclear workers, and the indexes are safety management constraint indexes including continuous working time, accumulated working time intervals, physical states and dosage constraints;
environmental factors include site radiation level FEThe method refers to the contribution of radioactive nuclides in a site and internal and external irradiation doses generated by a penetrating radiation field of the radioactive nuclides to a human body, and through site radiation level online monitoring, prospective evaluation can be carried out on the radiation dose received by a worker in a single working time so as to evaluate whether the accumulated dose of the worker exceeds a dose constraint value after the task, wherein the accumulated dose of the worker comprises the concentration of the radioactive nuclides in the site, the neutron/gamma dose level and the surface pollution level;
the non-mandatory factors comprise artificial subjective factors and artificial objective factors, and the specific indexes comprise annual individual accumulated dose, accumulated working time, accumulated time interval, salary treatment and individual difference;
personal cumulative dose RDAll accumulated doses and annual accumulated doses from a certain cut-off time to before the task;
cumulative working time TPAccumulating the working time for a single person before the work and the last working time;
accumulated time interval TIThe time before the work is started is the time from the last work;
individual difference of person FPRefers to the personal physical quality of the staff and also includes the situation that the staff is not suitable for doing radioactive work for a long time.
4. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: the step S3 includes extracting the feature quantity of the feature element, grading the feature element according to the feature quantity, and determining the weight of the feature quantity, which is the management system weight epsilonFMSalary handling weight epsilonFTIndividual-to-individual difference weight εFPSite radiation level weight εFEPersonal cumulative dose weight εRDPersonal cumulative working time weight εTPPersonal working time interval weight εTI；
Wherein, the field radiation level is used as a first-level index; the management system is a secondary index; the personal objective factor is a three-level index; the personal subjective factor is a four-level index;
site radiation level weight εFE: the index is used to assess whether the annual dose level received by the staff exceeds the dose constraint value by 5mSv, and if so, epsilonFE0, if dose constraint is not reached, thenFE＝1；
Management system weight epsilonFM: when satisfied, epsilonFM1, otherwise εFM＝0；
Personal cumulative dose weight εRD: all accumulated doses from a certain off-time to after the task;
personal cumulative working time weight εTP: the working time of a single person aiming at a certain task is accumulated;
personal working time interval weight epsilonTI: before the task starts, the time from the last time of the task;
individual-to-individual difference weight εFP: the personal physical quality of workers also comprises the condition that the workers are not suitable for radioactive work for a long time;
salary handling weight epsilonFT: the determination is made according to the desires of the worker.
5. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: the step S4 includes the steps of,
(1) internal exposure dose estimation
E＝I·e(g)
Wherein e (g) is the dose coefficient (Sv/Bq); i is Intake (Intake, Bq), which refers to the activity of the radionuclide that enters the body by inhalation, ingestion, or skin entry;
(2) external exposure dose estimation
Including gamma ray exposure dose estimation and neutron external exposure dose estimation.
6. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 5 wherein: the gamma ray irradiation dose estimation adopts a kerma to effective dose estimation method or a peripheral dose equivalent to effective dose estimation method for estimation.
7. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 5 wherein: and the neutron external irradiation dose estimation adopts estimation from neutron fluence to effective dose or estimation from neutron ambient dose equivalent rate to effective dose.
8. The feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: step S5 includes performing weighted calculation on the feature elements and their weights of each person in the group, assigning 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 to the feature elements with different levels from one level to four, and multiplying each level by the weight of the feature element in response to obtain the work priority of each person in the group, where the higher the value is, the higher the priority is, the priority of the jth person can be expressed as:
Pj＝εFEj·(T2·εFMj+T3·εRDj·εTPj·εTIj·εFPj+T4·εFTj)。
9. the feedback equalization optimization method for nuclear-involved workplace personnel job scheduling of claim 1 wherein: the step S5 includes the steps of,
after the work is finished, the internal and external irradiation dose level received by the working personnel at this time is monitored, and the personal dose file information in the group is updated according to the monitoring result.
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