CN114166871B - Method for evaluating brittleness of continental facies shale oil reservoir - Google Patents
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- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil reservoir evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating brittleness of a continental facies shale oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting a sample; (2) analyzing the type and content of minerals in the sample; (3) analyzing the mineral crystal morphology of the sample; (4) screening brittle mineral types; (5) calculating the content of brittle minerals; (6) and calculating the brittleness index. The method is combined with the actual situation of the continental facies shale oil reservoir, comprehensively considers the factors such as the content, the crystal form and the occurrence of minerals and designs a novel shale oil reservoir brittleness index calculation method, evaluates the fracturing performance of the shale oil reservoir and guides the production of shale oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil reservoir evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating brittleness of a continental facies shale oil reservoir.
Background
With the rapid development of the world economy, conventional oil and gas cannot meet the global energy demand, and shale oil is one of the most possible energy sources for replacing conventional oil and gas at present. However, shale oil exploration is greatly different from conventional oil gas, and has the characteristics of source-storage integration, continuous distribution and the like.
The shale is used as a hydrocarbon source rock and a reservoir of shale oil, the brittleness index is an important parameter reflecting the fracturing quality, and the difficulty degree of fracturing and the form of formed fracturing fractures are determined to a great extent, so that the shale is a key parameter for evaluating the quality of the shale oil reservoir. The better the shale brittleness, the more complex the fracture network morphology after fracturing, and the more ideal the transformation effect is in production.
The existing methods for calculating the shale brittleness index are of 2 types: the method comprises the following steps that a mineral brittleness index method and an elastic parameter brittleness index method are adopted, wherein longitudinal and transverse wave speed and density data are needed for calculation of the elastic parameter brittleness index, and are obtained through array acoustic logging and density logging, so that the difficulty is high; the mineral brittleness index can be directly calculated only according to rock and ore test data, and the practicability is stronger in comparison.
However, all current methods for calculating the shale brittleness index based on mineral content only consider the content of the brittle minerals and do not consider the crystal forms, the shapes and other factors of the shale brittle minerals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating brittleness of a continental facies shale oil reservoir, which calculates brittleness index of the shale oil reservoir after comprehensively considering factors such as mineral content, crystal form, occurrence and the like.
The method for evaluating the brittleness of the continental facies shale oil reservoir comprises the following steps of:
step 1, collecting a sample;
step 2, analyzing the types and the contents of minerals in the samples;
step 3, analyzing the mineral crystal morphology of the sample;
step 4, screening the brittle mineral types;
step 5, calculating the content of brittle minerals;
and 6, calculating the brittleness index.
Preferably, in step 1, logging information of a target layer position in a research area is collected, the sample depth is preselected according to the stratum position, lithology and resistivity displayed by the logging information, a rock core is observed on site, and shale samples with different depths and different well positions are collected according to the precision required by research.
Preferably, in step 2, after the sample is collected, the sample is subjected to XRD whole rock analysis, and the polycrystalline sample powder is subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, and then the content and the order degree of the mineral isomorphism substitute components, the phase composition of the multi-mineral mixture and the quantitative estimation of the content of each phase are determined.
Preferably, in step 3, the collected sample is subjected to an under-mirror thin slice and scanning electron microscope observation, the sample is ground into a mineral thin slice, and then the distribution, crystal morphology and distribution of the mineral are observed by an optical microscope, so as to determine the crushable property of the mineral particles.
Preferably, in the step 4, after the mineral characteristics of the sample are observed, the target brittle mineral type in the research area is screened out; the mesochite calcite is in a sheet and fiber structure and is horizontally arranged, and the authigenic quartz is formed by the intercrossing of the calcite in the mesochite, so the mesochite calcite and the authigenic quartz in the continental shale oil reservoir can not be used as brittleness indexes, and the brittleness minerals are clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite.
Preferably, in the step 5, the area of the mesochite calcite and the area of the authigenic quartz in the mesochite are counted by using image analysis software through the picture obtained by observing the electron microscope in the step 3, so that the ratio of the mesochite calcite to the authigenic quartz is obtained; and (3) combining the sample mineral components measured in the step 2 to obtain the content of the brittle minerals.
Preferably, in step 6, the brittleness index calculation formula is as follows:
BI=（Wscrap quartz+WDolomite+WPyrite）/WGeneral assembly；
WScrap quartz=WQuartz-X*WCalcite；
X is the ratio of the authigenic quartz to the mesoscale area, BI is the brittleness index, WScrap quartzIs the mass fraction of the crushed quartz, WDolomiteIs the mass fraction of dolomite, WPyriteIs the mass fraction of pyrite, WQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, WCalciteIs the mass fraction of calcite, WGeneral assemblyIs a whole body of mineralSum of mass fractions; the brittleness index is equal to the sum of the mass fractions of the three minerals clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite, compared to the sum of the mass fractions of the whole minerals.
The method is combined with the actual situation of the continental facies shale oil reservoir, comprehensively considers the factors such as the content, the crystal form and the occurrence of minerals and designs a novel shale oil reservoir brittleness index calculation method, evaluates the fracturing performance of the shale oil reservoir and guides the production of shale oil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating brittleness of a continental shale oil reservoir in example 1.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the examples are illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating brittleness of a continental shale oil reservoir, which includes the following steps:
(1) collecting a sample;
firstly, collecting target horizon logging information of a research area, observing a rock core on site according to the depth of a preselected sample such as a stratum horizon, lithology, resistivity and the like displayed by the logging information, and collecting shale samples with different depths and different well positions according to the precision required by research. Systematic sampling is to ensure that the sampled samples conform to the actual situation of the research horizon and the analysis data is representative.
(2) Analyzing the type and content of minerals in the sample;
after the sample was collected, the sample was subjected to XRD whole rock analysis. The mineral is mostly crystal, the wavelength of X-ray is close to the interatomic atomic distance of mineral crystal, X-ray will be diffracted into different intensity diffraction pattern after passing the crystal, the polycrystal sample powder can determine the content and the order degree of mineral isomorphism substitute component, the phase composition of the multimineral mixture and estimate the content of each phase quantitatively (or semi-quantitatively) after the X-ray diffraction analysis. The sample powder is analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer, and the mineral type and the mineral content of the sample can be determined to prepare for subsequent analysis.
After the detection of the X-ray diffraction analyzer, XRD whole rock analysis of 10 samples is shown in table 1, and the mineral content of each component can be known.
TABLE 1 mineral content of the components
(3) Analyzing the mineral crystal morphology of the sample; (thin slice, analysis of Crystal morphology and appearance of different minerals by Electron microscopy)
Preparing the sample into a mineral sheet and a scanning electron microscope sample, wherein the scanning electron microscope sample is prepared into a 2cm multiplied by 2cm blocky regular sample, and carrying out polishing and metal spraying treatment. And (3) observing the collected sample by using an under-mirror thin slice and a scanning electron microscope, grinding the sample into a mineral thin slice, and observing the characteristics of mineral distribution, crystal morphology, distribution and the like by using an optical microscope to determine the compressibility of mineral particles. The high-resolution scanning electron microscope can clearly observe different growth forms of the same mineral. The step is to observe the form and the occurrence of the mineral and prepare for screening the mineral as the brittleness evaluation index.
(4) Screening brittle mineral types; (establishing screening criteria: selecting brittle mineral in the form of grains, which may be in lamellar or dispersed form, for removing calcite in the form of flakes or glass fibers, for removing authigenic quartz from which calcite in the form of flakes is reproduced)
After the mineral characteristics of the sample are observed, the target brittle mineral type in the research area can be screened out. According to observation, mesochite calcite in the continental facies shale oil reservoir is in a flaky and fibrous structure and is horizontally arranged, is nearly vertical to the current fracturing direction and is not beneficial to crack formation, so the calcite cannot be used as a brittleness index; autogenous quartz cannot be used for brittleness evaluation of shale because the autogenous quartz is formed by the interconversion of calcite inside a mesochite. The broken quartz, dolomite and pyrite have high Young modulus and low Poisson ratio, and the cracking direction is adapted to the engineering fracturing direction. Therefore, the brittle minerals were determined to be clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite. After this step determines the friable mineral type, calculation of the friability index (BI) of the shale may begin.
(5) Calculating the content of brittle minerals;
after XRD full rock analysis, determining the mineral components of the sample, and obtaining the contents of quartz (authigenic quartz + clastic quartz), dolomite and pyrite; and (4) observing the obtained photo by using an electron microscope in the step (3), and counting the areas of the mesochite calcite and the authigenic quartz in the mesochite by using image analysis software to obtain the ratio of the mesochite calcite to the authigenic quartz. The step is to combine the data obtained in the previous steps to obtain the content of the selected brittle minerals, and prepare for calculating the brittleness index.
(6) And calculating the brittleness index.
Mineral composition analysis of continental shale oil reservoirs shows that the brittleness index of shale reservoirs can be calculated by using the contents of clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite. After the ineffective quartz content is obtained in the previous step, the scrap quartz, i.e., the effective portion in the brittleness evaluation, is equal to the total quartz content minus the ineffective quartz content. The brittleness index is equal to the sum of the mass fractions of the three minerals clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite, compared to the sum of the mass fractions of the whole minerals.
In the step, the brittleness index of the reservoir is calculated according to the authigenic quartz ore content and XRD data obtained in the previous steps; the formula is as follows:
BI=（Wscrap quartz+WDolomite+WPyrite）/WGeneral assembly；
WScrap quartz=WQuartz-X*WCalcite；
X is the ratio of the authigenic quartz to the mesoscale area, BI is the brittleness index, WScrap quartzIs the mass fraction of the crushed quartz, WDolomiteIs the mass fraction of dolomite, WPyriteIs the mass fraction of pyrite, WQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, WCalciteIs the mass fraction of calcite, WGeneral assemblyIs the sum of the mass fractions of the whole minerals.
In the embodiment, a new shale oil reservoir brittleness index calculation method is designed by combining the actual situation of a continental facies shale oil reservoir and comprehensively considering factors such as mineral content, crystal form and occurrence, and the like, so that the fracturing performance of the shale oil reservoir is evaluated and shale oil production is guided.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating brittleness of a continental facies shale oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting a sample;
step 2, analyzing the types and the contents of minerals in the samples;
step 3, analyzing the mineral crystal morphology of the sample;
step 4, screening the brittle mineral types;
step 4, after observing the mineral characteristics of the sample, screening out the target brittle mineral type in the research area; the mesochite calcite is in a sheet-shaped and fiber-shaped structure and is horizontally arranged, and the authigenic quartz is formed by the intercrossing of the calcite inside the mesochite, so the mesochite calcite and the authigenic quartz in the continental-phase shale oil reservoir can not be used as brittleness indexes, and the brittleness minerals are clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite;
step 5, calculating the content of brittle minerals;
step 5, carrying out electron microscope observation on the obtained picture in the step 3, and using image analysis software to count the areas of the mesochite calcite and the authigenic quartz in the mesochite, so as to obtain the ratio of the mesochite calcite to the authigenic quartz; combining the sample mineral components determined in the step 2 to obtain the content of brittle minerals;
step 6, calculating a brittleness index;
in step 6, the brittleness index calculation formula is as follows:
BI＝(Wscrap quartz+WDolomite+WPyrite)/WGeneral assembly；
WScrap quartz＝WQuartz-X*WCalcite；
X is the ratio of the authigenic quartz to the mesoscale area, BI is the brittleness index, WScrap quartzIs the mass fraction of the crushed quartz, WDolomiteIs the mass fraction of dolomite, WPyriteIs the mass fraction of pyrite, WQuartzIs the mass fraction of quartz, WCalciteIs the mass fraction of calcite, WGeneral assemblyIs the sum of the mass fractions of all minerals; the brittleness index is equal to the sum of the mass fractions of the three minerals clastic quartz, dolomite and pyrite, compared to the sum of the mass fractions of the whole minerals.
2. The method for evaluating the brittleness of a continental shale oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, logging information of a target layer position in a research area is collected, the sample depth is preselected according to the stratum position, the lithology and the resistivity displayed by the logging information, a rock core is observed on site, and shale samples with different depths and different well positions are collected according to the precision required by research.
3. The method for evaluating the brittleness of a continental shale oil reservoir according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, after the sample is collected, XRD full rock analysis is carried out on the sample, and after the polycrystalline sample powder is subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, the content and the order degree of the mineral isomorphism substitute components and the phase composition of the multi-mineral mixture are determined and the content of each phase is quantitatively estimated.
4. The method for evaluating the brittleness of a continental shale oil reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3, performing microscopic slice and scanning electron microscope observation on the collected sample, grinding the sample into a mineral slice, and observing the distribution, crystal morphology and distribution of the mineral through an optical microscope to determine the compressibility of the mineral particles.
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| CN104569343A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 长江大学 | Shale reservoir brittle mineral logging quantitative characterization method |
| CN111898065A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-06 | 长江大学 | Shale brittleness index calculation method and device and readable storage medium |
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