CN114166763A - Method for measuring imbibition retention of tight sandstone reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring imbibition retention of a tight sandstone reservoir, which comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding on the core slice, and obtaining a photomicrograph and a chromatogram of the core slice in the processes of saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding; and identifying displacement retention and capillary force retention through the microscopic picture and the chromatographic analysis method, and obtaining the measured imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir through the displacement retention and the capillary force retention. The invention effectively distinguishes the seepage and absorption retention under the action of capillary force from other force action amounts, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the seepage and absorption retention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas reservoir engineering, in particular to a method for measuring imbibition retention of a tight sandstone reservoir.
Background
Volume fracturing and imbibition oil extraction are effective modes for improving the recovery ratio of the current tight sandstone oil reservoir, fracturing fluid of tens of thousands of cubic meters is pumped into a stratum at high displacement to form a large-scale artificial fracture network, and meanwhile, the fracturing fluid enters a pore throat under the action of large capillary force to displace oil phase to output, so that the single-well productivity is effectively improved, and the process of spontaneously sucking wetting fluid into pores under the action of the capillary force to expel non-wetting fluid is imbibition. The imbibition oil extraction is essentially a double-edged sword, more imbibition displacement means higher recovery ratio and indicates more serious water lock damage, and the fracturing fluid sucked by capillary force is retained to block the throat, so that the subsequent fluid yield is influenced.
The seepage is caused by capillary force, and the experimental conclusion obtained by the existing static seepage technology and dynamic seepage technology is that the higher the permeability is, the higher the seepage replacement efficiency is, and the smaller the interfacial tension is, the higher the seepage replacement efficiency is; but from the capillary force equation
It can be known that the two conclusions are in a certain contradiction, namely the smaller the pore throat structure, the smaller the permeability and the higher the imbibition replacement rate. This results in a certain error of the imbibition retention amount of the current research on the measurement of the imbibition recovery ratio, and the imbibition effect of the experimental rock core cannot be accurately evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the seepage and absorption retention of a tight sandstone reservoir, which effectively distinguishes the seepage and absorption retention under the action of capillary force from other force actions, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the seepage and absorption retention.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring imbibition retention of tight sandstone reservoir comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding on the core slice, and obtaining a photomicrograph and a chromatogram of the core slice in the processes of saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding;
and identifying displacement detention and capillary force detention through the photomicrograph and a chromatographic analysis method, and obtaining the measured imbibition retention of the tight sandstone oil reservoir through the displacement detention and the capillary force detention.
Preferably, when the core slice is saturated with water, methyl blue is added into the adopted water until the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously, and the saturated water is finished.
Preferably, when the core slice is saturated with oil, the oil is added with oil red, and the saturated oil is finished when the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously.
Preferably, when the water flooding is carried out on the core slice, methyl blue is added into the adopted water, and the water flooding is finished when the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously.
Preferably, when the oil back flooding is carried out on the core slice, oil solution red is added into the adopted oil, and the oil back flooding is finished when no water is produced in the core slice and the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously.
Preferably, for a certain area in the core:
if the color of the core is unchanged and still blue after the oil back-flooding, the area is indicated as capillary force retention;
if the oil turns red after back flooding, this region is indicated as displacement retention.
Preferably, the chromatographic analysis method is utilized to carry out chromatographic analysis on the pictures of the core slices after the water flooding and the oil back flooding, so as to obtain the retention percentage of capillary force retention and the retention of displacement retention.
Preferably, the core slice is kept still after being vacuumized, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding, so that capillary force in the core slice is fully balanced.
Preferably, the core slice comprises a core and glass slides arranged on two sides of the core and used for packaging the core, a first communication port and a second communication port are respectively arranged at a group of diagonal positions of the glass slides, and the first communication port and the second communication port are both communicated with the core.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
fracturing fluid enters the pore throat under the action of large capillary force imbibition, and the retained fracturing fluid can cause the blockage of the throat and influence the output of subsequent fluid. The experimental conclusion obtained by the existing static imbibition technology and dynamic imbibition technology is that the higher the permeability is, the higher the imbibition replacement efficiency is, and the smaller the interfacial tension is, the higher the imbibition replacement efficiency is; but from the capillary force equation
It can be known that the two conclusions are in a certain contradiction, namely the smaller the throat structure, the smaller the permeability and the higher the imbibition replacement rate. Through analysis, the imbibition retention studied at present does not consider the imbibition amount (including the imbibition amount under the action of other forces such as gravity difference) caused by only capillary force, but is not the 'imbibition retention' in the true sense, which brings certain error for measuring the imbibition recovery ratio and cannot accurately evaluate the imbibition effect of the experimental rock core. In order to accurately measure the imbibition retention caused by only capillary force, predict the final recovery rate and evaluate the imbibition oil production degree, the invention sequentially carries out vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water displacement and oil back-flooding on the core slice, and obtains the apparent water of the core slice in the processes of saturated oil, water displacement and oil back-floodingA micromirror photo and a chromatogram; and identifying displacement retention and capillary force retention by combining the microscope picture with a chromatographic analysis method, and further obtaining the measured imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir by the displacement retention and the capillary force retention. In conclusion, the invention can effectively distinguish the seepage and absorption retention under the action of capillary force from other force action, thereby realizing accurate measurement and visual observation of the seepage and absorption retention.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a photograph of core sheet sample a No. A1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, water flooding; FIG. 1(b) is a photograph of core sheet sample a No. A1 oil repelled water in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a microscopic profile of a thin slice of a core after saturated oil aging according to an example of the present disclosure; FIG. 2(b) is a microscopic distribution diagram of a core slice after flooding with water in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 2(c) is a microscopic profile of a core slice after oil back flooding in an example of the invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a water flooding oil chromatogram of core slice sample a No. A1 in example of the present invention; FIG. 3(b) is an oil back flood chromatogram of core slice sample a No. A1 in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of measuring imbibition retention of tight sandstone oil reservoir according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an experimental setup used in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a core slice sample a, 2, a glass slide, 3, an A end, 4, a liquid inlet sealing clamp, 5, a liquid inlet hose, 6, a liquid inlet burette, 7, a data processing table, 8, a camera, 9, a B end, 10, a liquid outlet sealing clamp, 11, a liquid outlet burette, 12, a vacuum pump, 13, a vacuum pump sealing clamp and 14, a liquid outlet hose.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further specifically described below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples listed below.
The invention aims to establish a set of complete and visual experimental methods for the retention condition of fracturing fluid in the imbibition process of a tight sandstone reservoir, and particularly relates to an experimental method for measuring the imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir. The method can effectively distinguish the seepage and absorption retention under the action of capillary force from other force action, thereby realizing accurate measurement and visual observation of the seepage and absorption retention. The invention aims to: in order to accurately measure the imbibition retention caused by only capillary force, predict the final recovery rate and evaluate the imbibition oil production degree.
The invention provides a method for measuring imbibition retention of a tight sandstone reservoir, wherein a core device of the method comprises 8 main components, and the method is as follows in reference to FIG. 5: a core slice sample a (also referred to as the core) 1, a liquid inlet sealing clamp 4, a liquid inlet burette 6, a data processing table 7, a liquid outlet sealing clamp 10, a liquid outlet burette 11, a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pump sealing clamp 13.
The invention provides a method for measuring imbibition retention of a tight sandstone reservoir, which comprises the following steps with reference to fig. 4:
the method comprises the following steps: a small core was drilled on the core pillar and ground into a core slice sample a having a length of 2cm, a width of 2cm and a thickness of 0.5mm using a diamond and a grinding wheel, as shown in step S1 in FIG. 4.
Step two: as shown in fig. 5, a core slice sample a1 is encapsulated between two glass slides 2 by resin glue, and a slender liquid inlet hose 5 and a slender liquid outlet hose 14 with the diameter of 0.5mm and the length of 1cm are respectively arranged at the end a 3 and the end B9. The liquid inlet hose is connected with the liquid inlet burette 6, and a liquid inlet sealing clamp 4 is arranged on the connecting pipeline; the liquid outlet hose is connected with the liquid outlet burette 11, a pipeline connected with the liquid outlet burette is provided with a liquid outlet sealing clamp 10, and then a vacuum pump sealing clamp 13 and a vacuum pump 12 are connected, and the prepared core slice is shown as the attached figure 5. The following experiments were performed on core sheet sample a in order: vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding experiments are carried out, as shown in step S2 in figure 4.
Step three: the camera 8 is connected to the data processing platform 7, so that the oil-water distribution in the thin sheet can be visualized by observing the color of the thin sheet, and the experimental data obtained in the step two can be processed by combining a microscope technology, a chromatographic analysis technology and the like. The purposes of effectively identifying displacement retention and capillary force retention and obtaining the percentage of the water phase retention amount of the fracturing fluid in the core sheet can be achieved, as shown in the step S3 in the attached figure 4.
In the preferred method of the present invention, the specific method of step two is as follows:
firstly, vacuumizing: the liquid inlet sealing clamp 4 and the liquid outlet sealing clamp 10 are closed, and the liquid inlet burette 6 is filled with water (methyl blue is added into the water). The vacuum pump sealing jaw 13 is opened and the core slice sample a1 is evacuated. For the subsequent experiments to be carried out accurately, it is necessary to ensure that the core slice sample a is under vacuum.
② saturated water: and (3) closing the vacuum pump sealing pliers (13) and opening the liquid inlet sealing pliers (4) to saturate the rock core with water (methyl blue is added into the water). And ending when the color of the core has no obvious change, wherein the process simulates the process that the water is filled in the pores of the core firstly under the original geological condition.
③ saturated oil: and opening a vacuum pump sealing clamp 13, filling oil (oil is added into oil and is dissolved red) in the liquid inlet burette 6, and pressurizing an oil path at the A end 3 of the core slice to ensure that the oil enters the core slice. And ending when the color of the rock core does not change obviously, simulating the process that oil displaces water to occupy pores after oil and gas are generated in the stratum.
Fourthly, oil displacement with water: and filling water (adding methyl blue into water) into the liquid inlet burette 6, pressurizing a waterway at the end A3 of the core slice to ensure that the water enters the core slice, and ending when the end B9 of the core slice does not produce oil and the color of the core does not obviously change. After the process is finished, the core slice is photographed by using an electron microscope. This process simulates the situation where fracturing fluid enters the formation during the development process.
Oil back-driving water: filling oil (oil is added into oil to dissolve red) in the liquid outlet burette 11, opening the liquid outlet sealing clamp 10, pressurizing an oil circuit at the B end 9 of the core slice to ensure that the oil enters the core slice, and ending when the A end 3 of the core slice produces no water and the color of the core does not obviously change. After the process is finished, the core slice is photographed by using an electron microscope. This process simulates the process of entering the wellbore with oil after fracturing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step three comprises the following steps:
the core slice photo after saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding can be obtained by the data processing platform 7, and the oil-water distribution conditions before and after the saturated oil, the water flooding and the oil back flooding in the same area can be obtained by comparing the color distribution (blue represents a water area and red represents an oil area) in the slice photo.
Secondly, combining a microscope with chromatographic analysis, and effectively identifying displacement retention and capillary force retention by comparing sheet chromatograms under saturated oil, water displacement and oil back-drive water microscopes. Such as: the saturated oil in a certain area shows red due to the oil-soluble red contained in the oil, and the water-flooding oil shows blue due to the methyl blue contained in the water. If the color of the oil is still blue after the oil reversely drives water, the area is indicated as capillary force retention; on the contrary, the color of the oil turns red after the oil reversely drives water, which indicates that the area is displacement retention.
In the invention, the chromatographic analysis technology is utilized to carry out chromatographic analysis on the core slice photo after water flooding and oil back flooding, so as to obtain the percentage of the seepage and absorption retention of the fracturing fluid in the core slice.
In the preferred method of the invention, the following restrictions are required after the core slice saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding experiments are completed:
simulating the process that water is filled in the core pores under the original geological condition by using saturated water; the saturated oil process simulates the process that oil displaces water to occupy pores after oil gas is generated in the stratum, namely the reservoir aging process; the water flooding process simulates the condition that fracturing fluid enters a stratum in the development process, and the oil back flooding process simulates the process that oil enters a shaft after fracturing. The core slice should be allowed to stand for a period of time after each experiment is completed to ensure that the capillary forces are sufficiently balanced.
In conclusion, the invention utilizes the core slice to carry out experiments, combines the electron microscope technology and the chromatographic analysis technology with the core slice to establish a set of complete and visual experimental methods for the retention condition of the fracturing fluid in the imbibition process. When the core slice is used for carrying out an experiment, the method mainly comprises five processes of vacuumizing, saturated water, saturated oil, water displacement and oil back-drive water, wherein the saturated water process simulates the process that water fills the core pores firstly under the original geological condition; the saturated oil process simulates the process that oil displaces water after oil and gas are generated in the stratum so as to occupy pores; simulating the process of fracturing fluid entering the stratum in the development process in the water flooding process; the oil back-flooding process simulates the process of entering the well casing with oil after fracturing. When experimental data is processed, color changes in core slice photos after water flooding and oil back flooding are compared, and the oil-water distribution condition before and after water flooding and oil back flooding in the same region can be obtained; by comparing the sheet chromatograms under a saturated oil, water displacement and oil back-displacement water microscope, displacement retention and capillary force retention can be effectively identified; and (3) comparing the water-flooding and oil-back-flooding core slice photos by using a chromatographic analysis technology to obtain the percentage of the water-phase retention of the fracturing fluid in the core slice.
Examples
In order to better explore the retention condition of the fracturing fluid in the imbibition process caused by capillary force, cores of Ordos basin A1 are selected as a specific example for the experiment. The core had a porosity of 8.69% and a permeability of 0.1991X 10-3μm2。
According to the method disclosed by the invention, the following treatment is carried out on the core A1 in the example:
(1) a small core was drilled on a core pillar No. A1 and ground into a core slice sample a having a length of 2cm, a width of 2cm and a thickness of 0.5mm using a diamond and a grinding wheel.
(2) A core slice sample a1 of an A1 core is packaged between two glass slides 2 by resin glue, and a slender liquid inlet hose 5 and a liquid outlet hose 14 with the diameter of 0.5mm and the length of 1cm are respectively arranged at an A end 3 and a B end 9. The liquid inlet hose is connected with the liquid inlet burette 6, and the liquid inlet sealing pliers 4 are arranged in the middle of the liquid inlet hose; the liquid outlet hose is connected with a liquid outlet burette 11, and a liquid outlet sealing clamp 10 is arranged in the middle of the liquid outlet hose, and then a vacuum pump sealing clamp 13 and a vacuum pump 12 are connected. The following experiments were performed on core sheet sample a in order: vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding experiments.
(3) And (3) processing the experimental data obtained in the step two by combining a microscope technology and a chromatographic analysis technology, and effectively distinguishing the imbibition retention amount and other action amounts caused by capillary force and obtaining the percentage of the retention amount of the fracturing fluid in the core slice.
Specifically, the following treatments were performed on core a 1:
(1) the data processing platform can obtain a slice photo of the core after water flooding and oil back flooding, and the oil-water distribution and the water phase retention before and after water flooding and oil back flooding in the same region can be obtained by comparing the color distribution (blue represents a water region and red represents an oil region) in the slice photo, as shown in fig. 1(a) and 1 (b).
(2) The microscopic distribution of the core slice was obtained by combining the microscope and the chromatographic techniques, as shown in fig. 2(a), fig. 2(b) and fig. 2(c) below. In the figure, an area I and an area II are dyed into red due to oil dissolution red contained in oil after the oil is saturated; after the water flooding, the water contains methyl blue which is dyed into blue; after the oil is reversely driven by water, the region I shows red, which shows that the oil phase in the region replaces the water phase and is retained for displacement; and region 2 shows blue, indicating that the region is still aqueous, and is a capillary force retention. Thus, an effective distinction between displacement retention and capillary force retention can be achieved with this method.
Core a1 was treated as follows:
the percentage of the retention of the fracturing fluid in the core slice is obtained by performing chromatographic analysis on the core slice pictures after water flooding and oil back flooding by using a chromatographic analysis technology (as shown in fig. 3(a) and 3 (b)), and is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, after the A1 rock core is subjected to experiments such as saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding, oil back flooding and the like, the seepage and absorption retention can reach 42.08%, which shows that the rock core has a fine pore throat structure and remarkable capillary force phenomenon, and further verifies that the method can quantitatively characterize the seepage and absorption retention.
The foregoing is only a partial description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made according to the technical solution of the present invention belong to the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring imbibition retention of tight sandstone reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding on the core slice, and obtaining a photomicrograph and a chromatogram of the core slice in the processes of saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding;
and identifying displacement retention and capillary force retention through the microscopic picture and the chromatographic analysis method, and obtaining the measured imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir through the displacement retention and the capillary force retention.
2. The method for measuring the imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir of claim 1, wherein when the core slice is saturated with water, methyl blue is added into the water until the saturated water is finished when the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously.
3. The method for measuring the imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir of claim 2, wherein when the core slice is saturated with oil, oil-soluble red is added into the oil, and the saturated oil is terminated when the color of the core in the core slice does not change significantly.
4. The method for measuring the imbibition retention capacity of the tight sandstone reservoir according to claim 3, wherein when the core slice is subjected to water flooding, methyl blue is added into the adopted water, and the water flooding is finished when the color of the core in the core slice does not change obviously.
5. The method for measuring the imbibition retention capacity of the tight sandstone reservoir according to claim 4, wherein when the oil is used for back-driving the water, oil-soluble red is added into the adopted oil, and the back-driving of the water is finished when no water is produced in the core slice and the color of the core in the core slice has no obvious change.
6. The method for measuring imbibition retention of tight sandstone reservoir of claim 5, wherein for a certain region in the core:
if the color of the core is unchanged and still blue after the oil back-flooding, the area is indicated as capillary force retention;
if the oil turns red after back flooding, this region is indicated as displacement retention.
7. The method for measuring the imbibition retention capacity of the tight sandstone reservoir of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the step of performing chromatographic analysis on a picture of a core slice after water flooding and oil back flooding by using a chromatographic analysis method to obtain the retention capacity percentages of capillary force retention and displacement retention.
8. The method for measuring the imbibition retention capacity of the tight sandstone reservoir of claim 1, wherein the core slice is kept still after being vacuumized, saturated water, saturated oil, water flooding and oil back flooding, so that capillary forces in the core slice are fully balanced.
9. The method for measuring the imbibition retention of the tight sandstone reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the core slice comprises a core and glass slides (2) arranged on two sides of the core and used for packaging the core, a first communication port and a second communication port are respectively arranged at a group of diagonal positions of the glass slides (2), and the first communication port and the second communication port are both communicated with the core.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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