CN114166070A - 一种高强轻质防弹装甲板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强轻质防弹装甲板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114166070A
CN114166070A CN202111401018.9A CN202111401018A CN114166070A CN 114166070 A CN114166070 A CN 114166070A CN 202111401018 A CN202111401018 A CN 202111401018A CN 114166070 A CN114166070 A CN 114166070A
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panel
layer
bulletproof
metal honeycomb
plate
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郭伟
曲冠达
张宏强
朱颖
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Beihang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，包括防弹面板、防弹背板和设置在两者之间的织物复合层；其中，所述织物复合层由PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝板层依次交替组成。本发明通过设置PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝板层与其它进行配合，在受到弹丸冲击时不仅具有良好的吸能减震效果，同时对其内部填充物产生约束，防止受到弹丸冲击后被分散导致弹孔周边遭到破坏。

Description

一种高强轻质防弹装甲板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于防弹技术领域，具体涉及一种高强轻质防弹装甲板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技发展，地面防空武器的不断增强，战场上执行任务的军用直升机受到的生存威胁也越来越严重。通常要求军用直升机在受到一次12.7mm APM2弹丸或23mm HELT弹丸打击后，仍可持续飞行30min以上并撤离战场。若仅依靠增加防弹钢板厚度来满足防弹需求，势必会大大降低军用直升机的机动性及战场上的快速反应能力，对整体作战效能产生负面影响，故在保证军用直升机防弹性能的前提下，需对防弹装甲进行有效减重以满足机动性的要求。因此，通过研制轻质高防弹性能的复合装甲以提高军用直升机的机动性势在必行。传统的陶瓷防弹面板虽然具有较好的防弹能力，但由于其脆性较大，在受到弹丸冲击时会出现碎裂，故决定了其不能单独使用，需要通过约束及背板对其进行一定支撑。
为此，能够提供一种高韧性和高防弹性能的防弹装甲板及其制备方法是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种高强轻质防弹装甲板及其制备方法，本发明通过设置PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝板层与其它进行配合，在受到弹丸冲击时不仅具有良好的吸能减震效果，同时对其内部填充物产生约束，防止受到弹丸冲击后被分散导致弹孔周边遭到破坏。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，包括防弹面板、防弹背板和设置在两者之间的织物复合层；
其中，所述织物复合层由PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝板层依次交替组成。
本发明采用的PE纤维具有质量轻、高强度、高模量、耐候性好等特点，可作为良好的防弹材料；蜂窝结构材料在受到弹丸冲击时不仅具有良好的吸能减震效果，同时对其内部填充物产生约束，防止受到弹丸冲击后被分散导致弹孔周边遭到破坏，此外，金属材料具有一定的韧性，可在受到弹丸冲击时通过形变来保证能量的大幅衰减。
优选地，所述金属蜂窝板层由金属蜂窝芯板和填充在金属蜂窝芯板孔的陶瓷片组成，其中所述陶瓷片与所述金属蜂窝芯板孔相适配。
本发明蜂窝结构材料和内部填充的陶瓷片均具有良好的吸能减震效果，蜂窝结构材料能够对内部填充的陶瓷片产生极大约束，以至于弹丸穿过后，内部陶瓷片不会被冲击的能量击飞，继续保留在蜂窝芯内部。同时，错位排列的蜂窝孔能够保证受到多发弹丸冲击的一致性，避免局部产生较大变形或损坏。
优选地，所述金属蜂窝芯板的材料为钛合金或铝合金，所述陶瓷片的材料为碳化硼陶瓷。
优选地，所述PE纤维织物层和所述金属蜂窝板层均至少为2层，所述防弹面板与所述PE纤维织物层连接，所述防弹背板与所述金属蜂窝板层连接。
优选地，所述金属蜂窝板层的相邻两层排列时，错位半个蜂窝孔。
优选地，所述金属蜂窝板层每层的厚度为0.3-5mm；所述金属蜂窝芯板蜂窝的壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm。
优选地，所述PE纤维织物层每层的厚度为0.5-3mm。
优选地，所述防弹面板的的材料为碳化硼陶瓷，厚度为1-10mm。
优选地，所述防弹背板的材料为钛合金，厚度为1-5mm。
上述所述一种高强轻质防弹装甲板的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)织物复合层的制备：将PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝芯板的一侧进行胶接，完成后在所述金属蜂窝芯板内部填充陶瓷片，然后将所述金属蜂窝芯板的另一侧与PE纤维织物层继续进行胶接，重复上述步骤，即得织物复合层；
(2)将防弹面板、所述织物复合层和防弹背板依次进行胶接，即得一种高强轻质防弹装甲板。
优选地，所述胶接采用热压罐固化成型工艺。
优选地，所述胶为环氧胶膜、聚碳酸酯和J-47(D型)发泡胶中的任意一种。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明由于陶瓷防弹面板另一侧与PE纤维胶接，当受到弹丸冲击时，由于受到胶膜和PE纤维的约束，故陶瓷防弹面板不会轻易剥落，可进行多次防弹。
(2)本发明蜂窝结构材料和内部填充的陶瓷片均具有良好的吸能减震效果，蜂窝结构材料能够对内部填充的陶瓷片产生极大约束，以至于弹丸穿过后，内部陶瓷片不会被冲击的能量击飞，继续保留在蜂窝芯内部。同时，错位排列的蜂窝孔能够保证受到多发弹丸冲击的一致性，避免局部产生较大变形或损坏。
(3)织物复合层可根据实际需求调整其层数，避免了材料过度使用造成的军用直升机机动性能下降，且整体制备工艺简单，仅通过胶接的方式，可直接进行大块板材的连接，规避了一些卡扣、沟槽等复杂连接方法，即减轻了重量，也便于制备大块防弹装甲。
(4)制备防弹板所选用的材料均为轻质材料，可有效减轻军用直升机的重量，实现良好机动性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种高强轻质防弹装甲板的结构图；
其中，
1-防弹面板；2-金属蜂窝板层；3-PE纤维织物层；4-防弹背板；5-陶瓷片；6-胶膜；7-织物复合层。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1，本发明提供了一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，包括防弹面板1、防弹背板4和设置在两者之间的织物复合层7；
其中，织物复合层7由PE纤维织物层3和金属蜂窝板层2依次交替组成；金属蜂窝板层2由金属蜂窝芯板和填充在金属蜂窝芯板孔且与金属蜂窝孔适配的陶瓷片5组成；
进一步地，金属蜂窝芯板的材料为钛合金或铝合金，陶瓷片5的材料为碳化硼陶瓷；
进一步地，PE纤维织物层3和金属蜂窝板层2均至少为2层，防弹面板1与PE纤维织物层3连接，防弹背板4与金属蜂窝板层2连接，均采用胶接；
进一步地，防弹面板1、防弹背板4、PE纤维织物层3和金属蜂窝板层2之间均通过胶接的方式连接，形成胶膜6；
进一步地，金属蜂窝板2相邻两层的排列时，错位半个蜂窝孔；
进一步地，金属蜂窝板层每层2的厚度为0.3-5mm；金属蜂窝芯板蜂窝的壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm；
进一步地，PE纤维织物层3每层的厚度为0.5-3mm；
进一步地，防弹面板1的的材料为碳化硼陶瓷，厚度为1-10mm；
进一步地，防弹背板4的材料为钛合金，厚度为1-5mm。
实施例1
一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，包括如下制备步骤：
(1)织物复合层的制备：将胶膜粘在PE纤维织物层3上，另将胶膜未粘接的一侧进行剥离并与金属蜂窝芯板进行胶接，通过热压罐固化成型工艺实现金属蜂窝芯板与PE纤维织物的粘接；胶接后在金属蜂窝芯板内部填充与蜂窝孔相适配的碳化硼陶瓷片5，并继续采用热压罐固化成型工艺在已填充的金属蜂窝板另一侧胶接PE纤维织物层，按照此方式对其层数进行依次累加，得到的织物复合层有2层金属蜂窝板层和2层PE纤维织物层；其中，相邻两层金属蜂窝板排列时，错位半个蜂窝孔，即金属蜂窝板的正六边形半边长与另一块金属蜂窝板的半边长经过平移后能够重合，金属蜂窝板每层2的厚度为0.3mm；蜂窝的壁厚为50μm，边长为5mm；金属蜂窝板2的材料为钛合金；PE纤维织物层3每层的厚度为0.5mm；
(2)防弹面板1与织物复合层7有PE纤维织物层3的一侧进行胶接，防弹背板4与织物复合层7有金属蜂窝板层2的一侧进行胶接，二者的胶接方式均采用热压罐固化成型工艺，即得一种高强轻质防弹装甲板其中，防弹面板1的的材料为碳化硼陶瓷，厚度为1mm；防弹背板4的材料为钛合金，厚度为1mm。
实施例2
一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，包括如下制备步骤：
(1)织物复合层的制备：将胶膜粘在PE纤维织物层3上，另将胶膜未粘接的一侧进行剥离并与金属蜂窝芯板进行胶接，通过热压罐固化成型工艺实现金属蜂窝芯板与PE纤维织物的粘接；胶接后在金属蜂窝芯板内部填充与蜂窝孔相适配的碳化硼陶瓷片5，并继续采用热压罐固化成型工艺在已填充的金属蜂窝板另一侧胶接PE纤维织物层，按照此方式对其层数进行依次累加，得到的织物复合层有2层金属蜂窝板层和2层PE纤维织物层；其中，相邻两层金属蜂窝板排列时，错位半个蜂窝孔，即金属蜂窝板的正六边形半边长与另一块金属蜂窝板的半边长经过平移后能够重合，金属蜂窝板每层2的厚度为5mm；蜂窝的壁厚为0.5mm，边长为50mm；金属蜂窝板2的材料铝合金；PE纤维织物层3每层的厚度为3mm；
(2)防弹面板1与织物复合层7有PE纤维织物层3的一侧进行胶接，防弹背板4与织物复合层7有金属蜂窝板层2的一侧进行胶接，二者的胶接方式均采用热压罐固化成型工艺，即得一种高强轻质防弹装甲板其中，防弹面板1的的材料为碳化硼陶瓷，厚度为10mm；防弹背板4的材料为钛合金，厚度为5mm。
各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，包括防弹面板、防弹背板和设置在两者之间的织物复合层；
其中，所述织物复合层由PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝板层依次交替组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述金属蜂窝板层由金属蜂窝芯板和填充在金属蜂窝芯板孔的陶瓷片组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述金属蜂窝芯板的材料为钛合金或铝合金，所述陶瓷片的材料为碳化硼陶瓷。
4.根据权利要1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述PE纤维织物层和所述金属蜂窝板层均至少为2层，所述防弹面板与所述PE纤维织物层连接，所述防弹背板与所述金属蜂窝板层连接。
5.根据权利要4所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述金属蜂窝板层的相邻两层排列时，错位半个蜂窝孔。
6.根据权利要1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述金属蜂窝板层每层的厚度为0.3-5mm；所述金属蜂窝芯板蜂窝的壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm。
7.根据权利要1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述PE纤维织物层每层的厚度为0.5-3mm。
8.根据权利要1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述防弹面板的的材料为碳化硼陶瓷，厚度为1-10mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强轻质防弹装甲板，其特征在于，所述防弹背板的材料为钛合金，厚度为1-5mm。
10.一种高强轻质防弹装甲板的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)织物复合层的制备：将PE纤维织物层和金属蜂窝芯板的一侧进行胶接，完成后在所述金属蜂窝芯板内部填充陶瓷片，然后将所述金属蜂窝芯板的另一侧与PE纤维织物层继续进行胶接，重复上述步骤，即得织物复合层；
(2)将防弹面板、所述织物复合层和防弹背板依次进行胶接，即得一种高强轻质防弹装甲板。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4836084A (en) * 1986-02-22 1989-06-06 Akzo Nv Armour plate composite with ceramic impact layer
CN105444622A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-03-30 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 一种复合结构防弹板及其制造方法
CN209399850U (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-09-17 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 防弹装甲
CN109405647B (zh) * 2018-11-05 2021-02-02 中国航空制造技术研究院 砖墙式多层龟甲防护装置及其制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4836084A (en) * 1986-02-22 1989-06-06 Akzo Nv Armour plate composite with ceramic impact layer
CN105444622A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-03-30 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 一种复合结构防弹板及其制造方法
CN109405647B (zh) * 2018-11-05 2021-02-02 中国航空制造技术研究院 砖墙式多层龟甲防护装置及其制备方法
CN209399850U (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-09-17 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 防弹装甲

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