CN114164381B - Method for optimizing mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint - Google Patents

Method for optimizing mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint Download PDF

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CN114164381B
CN114164381B CN202111429900.4A CN202111429900A CN114164381B CN 114164381 B CN114164381 B CN 114164381B CN 202111429900 A CN202111429900 A CN 202111429900A CN 114164381 B CN114164381 B CN 114164381B
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titanium alloy
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treatment furnace
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CN114164381A (en
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赵鹏康
陶一凡
方魁
胡映鑫
褚巧玲
郭美玲
袁启龙
杨明顺
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Xian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical property optimization method for a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint; step 2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment; and 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2. The invention effectively improves the joint structure, homogenizes the microhardness values of the joint and the parent metal and improves the impact toughness value of the joint.

Description

Method for optimizing mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy welding piece optimization methods, and particularly relates to a mechanical property optimization method for a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint.
Background
The Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1Cr titanium alloy TC21 is a titanium alloy with an alpha + beta multi-element structure developed by the northwest nonferrous metal research institute. The alloy has the comprehensive properties of high strength, high toughness and high damage tolerance, meets the requirements of aircraft structural members on the static strength and the fatigue performance of damaged materials, can be used for parts such as wing joint structural members of aviation aircraft, connecting frames of airframes and undercarriages, joints of hanging engines and the like, and can be used for manufacturing important or key force bearing parts with high requirements on strength and durability. As a solid phase welding technology, compared with the traditional fusion welding method, the linear friction welding has the advantages of no melting of joints, high connection quality, few weld defects, short welding time and the like, can overcome the limitation of other friction welding methods on the shapes of the welded parts, and has wide application prospect.
The TC21 titanium alloy connected by the linear friction welding method has the advantages that the hardness value of a joint welding seam area is obviously higher than that of a parent metal, the impact toughness value of the joint is obviously reduced, and the safe and reliable application of a welding part is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the mechanical property of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, which solves the problem of uneven joint hardness value in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the integral double annealing heat treatment is carried out on the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and the method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment;
and 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the annealing temperature in the step 2 is 880-940 ℃, and the secondary annealing temperature in the step 3 is 450-550 ℃.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 880-940 ℃, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 880-940 ℃ again, and then preserving heat;
and 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment.
And 2.1, the temperature rise rate of the heat treatment furnace is 1-15 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
Step 3 is implemented specifically according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 450-550 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 450-550 ℃ again at the speed of 1-15 ℃/min, preserving heat, and furnace-cooling the sample subjected to heat preservation in the heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish secondary annealing heat treatment.
The heat preservation time is 3.5-5.5 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for optimizing the mechanical property of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, which can effectively improve the joint structure, homogenize the microhardness values of the joint and a base metal and improve the impact toughness of the joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a post-weld non-heat treated joint of the method for optimizing mechanical properties of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction weld joint of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the joint after double annealing heat treatment in the method for optimizing mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint;
FIG. 3 shows microhardness values of a joint and a base metal before and after double annealing heat treatment in the method for optimizing mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the impact fracture position of the post-weld non-heat treated joint in the method for optimizing the mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction weld joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a morphology diagram of an impact fracture of a post-weld non-heat treated joint in the optimization method of mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction weld joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the joint impact fracture position after the double annealing heat treatment in the method for optimizing the mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a morphology of joint impact fracture after double annealing heat treatment in the method for optimizing mechanical properties of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a mechanical property optimization method of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
2, placing the sample obtained in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 880-940 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 880-940 ℃ at a speed of 1-15 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 880-940 ℃ again, and then carrying out heat preservation for 2-4 hours;
step 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 450-550 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 450-550 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 450-550 ℃ again at the speed of 1-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5-5.5 hours, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
Comparing the change rule of the micro-hardness and the impact toughness of the TC21 titanium alloy joint before and after heat treatment, finding that the hardness value of the welding seam area of the joint which is not subjected to heat treatment after welding is about 460 plus or minus 10HV, the welding seam area is narrower, and after entering a thermal influence area, the hardness value gradually decreases until the hardness value of the base metal is reached and is stabilized within the range of 360 plus or minus 10 HV; the impact toughness value is very low, and the average value is only 16.7 +/-0.3J/cm2. The TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint obtained after the heat treatment in the steps has the hardness values close to those of the base metal and approximately form a horizontal straight line, and the fluctuation range of the hardness value is near 350 +/-10 HV; the impact toughness value is greatly increased to 49.4 +/-0.3J/cm2About 3 times the value of the impact toughness of the non-heat treated joint. Therefore, the microstructure of the joint subjected to heat treatment is effectively improved, the hardness values of the joint and the parent metal are approximately the same, and the impact toughness value of the joint is greatly increased.
Example 1
The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
step 2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 880 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ again, and then carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours;
step 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 450-550 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 450 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 450-550 ℃ again at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
Example 2
The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
step 2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 940 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 940 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 940 ℃ again, and then carrying out heat preservation for 4 hours;
step 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 550 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 550 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 550 ℃ again at the speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5.5 hours, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
Example 3
The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
step 2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 890 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 890 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 890 ℃ again, and then preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 470 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 470 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 470 ℃ again at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
Example 4
The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
step 2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 920 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace to 920 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 13 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 920 ℃ again, and then preserving heat for 3.5 hours;
step 2.2, cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 470 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 530 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, then heating to 530 ℃ again at the speed of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
Example 5
The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 900 ℃;
the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 900 ℃ at a speed of 13 ℃/min, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace to 900 ℃ again, and then carrying out heat preservation for 2.5 h;
step 2.2, cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2, wherein the secondary annealing temperature is 500 ℃;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 500 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, then heating to 500 ℃ again at the speed of 13 ℃/min and preserving heat for 4h, cooling the sample after heat preservation and the heat treatment furnace to room temperature, and finishing secondary annealing heat treatment.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of an unwelded joint after welding in the method for optimizing mechanical properties of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and as can be seen from FIG. 1(a), a TC21 base material is a needle-shaped basket structure, and a large number of long-strip-shaped primary alpha are generated on a beta-phase matrixpPhase and a large amount of fine lamellar secondary alphasThe phases are staggered with each other, and no obvious crystal boundary exists; FIG. 1(b) shows the structure of the weld zone of the joint, the coarse grains are clearly visible, and the grain boundary is primary alpha formed by long stripspPhase separation, diffusion distribution of a large amount of secondary alpha in the interior of crystal grainssAnd (4) phase(s).
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a double-annealed joint of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint mechanical property optimization method, and it can be seen from FIG. 2(a) that a base material structure strip-shaped primary alpha is formed after double annealingpPhase-change to short rod-like nascent alphapMeanwhile, due to long-time annealing, the structure is fully dynamically recovered and recrystallized, and the primary alpha is generatedpThe phase ratio increases significantly. FIG. 2(b) shows the weld structure of the joint after double annealing, the grains are broken, and the grain boundary is nascent at alphapPhase transformation into short rod shape and secondary crystal formationsThe phase is dynamically recovered and recrystallized to be in an equiaxed shape and a lamellar shape, namely, the whole crystal grains are refined.
FIG. 3 shows the microhardness values of the joint and the base material before and after the double annealing heat treatment of the method for optimizing the mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the hardness value of the weld zone before the heat treatment is about 460 + -10 HV, the hardness value gradually decreases from the weld zone to the thermal influence zone, and finally stabilizes at 360 + -10 HV, and reaches the hardness value of the TC21 titanium alloy base material. After double annealing, the hardness values of the joint and the parent metal are close to each other and are approximately in a horizontal straight line, and the fluctuation range of the hardness values is near 350 +/-10 HV.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of impact fracture positions of a post-welding non-heat-treated joint of the mechanical property optimization method of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the impact fracture positions of the original welding joint are near the center of the welding seam and the thermal influence area, and the expansion path of the original welding joint is slightly deflected.
Fig. 5 is a morphology diagram of an impact fracture of a post-weld non-heat-treated joint in the optimization method for mechanical properties of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and it can be seen from the diagram that a crack initiation region has obvious cleavage facets and tearing edges (fig. 5a), and a crack propagation region (fig. 5b) and a shearing lip region (fig. 5c) can both see clear river patterns, which are typical cleavage fracture characteristics.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the joint impact fracture position after the double annealing heat treatment of the mechanical property optimization method of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint, and it can be seen from the diagram that after the double annealing heat treatment, the fracture propagation path of the joint tissue is divided into three stages I, II and III, and two bends of approximately 90 ° are presented.
Fig. 7 is a morphology diagram of a joint impact fracture of a TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint after a double annealing heat treatment, and it can be seen from the diagram that after the double annealing heat treatment, a cracking zone (fig. 7a), an expansion zone (fig. 7b) and a shear lip zone (fig. 7c) are all composed of a large number of dimples, and the crack expansion zone has no river pattern and is a typical ductile fracture.
Comparing the change rules of the microhardness value and the impact toughness value of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint before and after heat treatment, the impact toughness value of the joint without heat treatment is only 16.7 +/-0.3J/cm2(ii) a After the heat treatment in the steps, the impact toughness value is increased to 49.4 +/-0.3J/cm2Increased by about 200%; after heat treatment, the hardness values of the joint and the parent metal are approximately equal, which shows that the structures of the joint and the parent metal are uniform and stable. Therefore, through the double annealing heat treatment, the joint and base metal tissues can be effectively regulated and controlled, the hardness values of the joint and the base metal are homogenized, and the impact toughness value of the joint is obviously improved.

Claims (3)

  1. The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
    step 1, performing linear friction welding on TC21 titanium alloy to obtain a TC21 titanium alloy sample with an original welding joint;
    2, placing the sample in the step 1 in a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment;
    the step 2 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
    2.1, heating the heat treatment furnace from room temperature to 880-940 ℃, then placing the sample in the step 1 into the heat treatment furnace, heating the heat treatment furnace again to 880-940 ℃, and then preserving heat;
    step 2.2, furnace-cooling the heat-preserved sample in a heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish annealing heat treatment;
    step 3, carrying out secondary annealing heat treatment on the sample subjected to heat treatment in the step 2;
    the step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
    and (3) heating the heat treatment furnace to 450-550 ℃, then placing the sample subjected to annealing heat treatment in the heat treatment furnace, heating to 450-550 ℃ again at the speed of 1-15 ℃/min, preserving heat, and furnace-cooling the sample subjected to heat preservation in the heat treatment furnace to room temperature to finish secondary annealing heat treatment.
  2. 2. The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate of the heat treatment furnace in the step 2.1 is 1-15 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
  3. 3. The method for optimizing the mechanical property of the TC21 titanium alloy linear friction welding joint according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation time in step 3 is 3.5-5.5 hours.
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