CN114164337A - Quenching process of I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reversible deformation effect - Google Patents
Quenching process of I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reversible deformation effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114164337A CN114164337A CN202111469882.2A CN202111469882A CN114164337A CN 114164337 A CN114164337 A CN 114164337A CN 202111469882 A CN202111469882 A CN 202111469882A CN 114164337 A CN114164337 A CN 114164337A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: machine and point rail preparation; step two: positioning and fixing the switch rail; the switch rail is fixed on the switch rail fixing device in a way that the rail head faces upwards, the tip of the switch rail extends obliquely upwards and is pulled downwards through a telescopic hook mechanism, a plurality of supports are arranged between the hook mechanism and the clamping plate along the direction of the switch rail fixing device, and the switch rail is bent into an arc shape protruding upwards through a jacking mechanism and the hook mechanism on the supports; step three: carrying out full-length quenching on the switch rail from the 5mm section of the tip of the switch rail forwards; step four: and finishing the quenching operation and removing the switch rail. The invention realizes the bending of the switch rail towards the direction opposite to the natural deformation direction after quenching, realizes the offset and bending prevention effect on the bending deformation of the switch rail, has lower required improvement cost on the original equipment, and can avoid the influence on the quenching effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rail engineering, and particularly relates to a quenching process of an I-shaped ultralight switch rail with a reversible deformation effect.
Background
When the I-shaped ultralight switch rail is quenched, the injection direction of a cooling medium is usually close to the rail head, so that the cooling speed of the rail head and the rail bottom is inconsistent, and the linear direction shrinkage is different after the cooling due to different rail head and rail bottom structures, so that the phenomenon of bending and tilting to one side of the rail head can occur after the switch rail is quenched, the deformed switch rail must be straightened in the subsequent process, when the deformation amplitude is large, the straightening process is difficult and consumes a long time, and the switch rail is possibly damaged. The anti-bending measures adopted in the prior art in the process of quenching the switch rail comprise heating and cooling the rail head and the rail bottom simultaneously, and multi-section pressing and forcing the rail head and the rail bottom to flatten the switch rail along the length direction in the process of quenching the switch rail. Both of the above methods have disadvantages that the former method requires relatively complicated modification of heating, cooling and fixing structure of the point rail, and the heating effect of the heating device in the method is relatively strong, and the point rail is heated from both sides, so that the heating temperature must be carefully controlled in the quenching process, otherwise the point rail is easily burnt due to excessively high heating temperature, so that the method not only has high modification cost, but also has relatively complicated modification and debugging. And the rail head and the rail bottom of the switch rail are pressed at a plurality of positions to keep flat and bending-proof process, the corresponding pressure structure can influence the contact of the cooling medium and the switch rail at the position, the quenching effect and the quenching efficiency are greatly influenced, and the quenching effect can not meet the requirement, so other methods are also needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quenching process of an I-shaped ultralight switch rail with a reverse deformation effect, which is used for solving the technical problems that the quenching process for realizing the anti-bending effect during the switch rail quenching in the prior art needs higher modification cost and debugging complexity and can influence the quenching effect.
The quenching process of the I-shaped ultralight switch rail with the reverse deformation effect comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: machine and point rail preparation;
step two: positioning and fixing the switch rail; the switch rail is fixed on the switch rail fixing device in a way that the rail head faces upwards, the tip of the switch rail extends obliquely upwards and is pulled downwards by a retractable hook pulling mechanism,
the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) placing the switch rail on a switch rail fixing device of the quenching machine tool in a way that the rail head faces upwards;
(2) the point rail tip fixed by the clamping plate extends obliquely upwards along the direction of the point rail fixing device, and is pulled downwards by a telescopic hook mechanism;
(3) a plurality of supports are arranged between the drag hook mechanism and the clamping plate along the direction of the switch rail fixing device, each support comprises a lifting mechanism capable of lifting, and the lifting mechanism upwards supports the rail bottom of the switch rail to bend the switch rail into an arc shape protruding upwards;
step three: carrying out full-length quenching on the switch rail from the 5mm section of the tip of the switch rail forwards; after the quenching head is started, the section of 5mm of the point of the switch rail is heated, when the set temperature is reached, a cooling device is started, the quenching head moves to the heel end of the switch rail along the switch rail, every time the quenching head passes through a support, a jacking mechanism on the support starts to descend and is separated from contact with the switch rail, and a drag hook mechanism also pulls the point of the switch rail to descend after the jacking mechanism behind the quenching head descends until the balance of forces in the upper direction and the lower direction is realized again;
step four: and finishing the quenching operation and removing the switch rail.
Preferably, in the second step, the height of the upper end of each jacking mechanism gradually rises from the heel end of the switch rail to the tip end of the switch rail, the height of the upper end of the jacking mechanism closest to the hook mechanism is close to the height of the hook end of the hook mechanism, the quenching head of the quenching equipment is located at the tip end of the switch rail in the initial state, and the jacking mechanisms are located in front of the quenching head.
Preferably, in the third step, the jacking mechanisms on each support seat have the corresponding minimum height requirement, that is, the height of the upper ends of the jacking mechanisms is not lower than the corresponding minimum height requirement even after the jacking mechanisms are separated from the contact with the switch rails, and the minimum height of each support seat is gradually increased from the heel ends of the switch rails.
Preferably, in the second step, the point rail heel end is inserted into a clamping plate of the point rail fixing device and connected with the guide rail, and a gap of 2-3mm is kept between the point rail heel end and the guide rail; and in the third step, after the quenching head moves along the point rail until the quenching head moves onto the guide rail at the heel end of the point rail, the induction heater and the cooling device are closed, and the quenching is finished.
Preferably, the heat treatment machine tool comprises a switch rail fixing device and a quenching equipment main body, wherein the quenching equipment main body comprises an installation frame and a quenching head, the quenching head provided with an induction heating head and a cooling medium nozzle is connected with the installation frame through a liftable sliding mechanism, and a slidable end of the sliding mechanism is rotatably connected with the quenching head through a rotatable structure.
Preferably, the third step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) starting an induction heater, staying and heating at the 5mm section at the tip of the switch rail, and starting a trolley to drive the switch rail fixing device to translate relative to the quenching equipment main body when the temperature reaches about 900 ℃;
(2) adjusting the speed and heating power of the trolley according to quenching process parameters in the quenching process;
(3) during the quenching process, the lifting mechanism on the support starts to descend and is separated from the contact with the point rail every time the quenching head passes through the support, so that the upper end of the lifting mechanism adjacent to the front of the quenching head is kept to be tightly pressed against the point rail and is the highest stress point of the point rail, and the lifting mechanism behind the quenching head descends and is separated from the contact with the point rail;
(4) when the quenching head moves along the switch rail till the quenching head moves to the guide rail at the heel end of the switch rail, the induction heater and the cooling device are closed, and the quenching is finished;
(5) the quenched switch rail is inspected, and the surface of the quenched switch rail cannot have defects such as burn, cracks and scars with the depth of more than 1 mm.
Preferably, when the length of the switch rail is smaller than the set threshold range, the number of the supports required by the quenching process is smaller than the number of the supports required by quenching the switch rail within the threshold range, and when the length of the switch rail is larger than the set threshold range, the number of the supports (8) required by the quenching process is larger than the number of the supports required by quenching the switch rail within the threshold range.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the scheme, the support and the drag hook mechanisms provided with the jacking mechanisms are used for realizing the bending of the switch rail towards the direction opposite to the natural deformation direction after quenching, and the offsetting and bending prevention effects on the bending deformation of the switch rail are realized. Because the point rail before heating has larger rigidity and the bending amplitude of the point rail is limited, the scheme leads the part which is quenched to be further bent downwards along with the quenching progress in the quenching process, thereby improving the reverse bending amplitude and bringing better offset effect. In order to avoid overlarge reverse bending amplitude, the scheme also sets the lowest height which can be reached by descending of the jacking mechanism, and prevents the point rail from reversely bending after quenching by utilizing the minimum height of the jacking mechanism which is reasonably set, thereby effectively realizing the anti-bending effect on the point rail quenching.
The switch rail fixing device is improved, the quenching head only needs to be lifted or the angle of the quenching head can be adjusted relative to the installation frame, an additional heating device and a cooling device are not needed, the used cost is low, the heating mode is still heating one side of the rail head, the heating effect and the corresponding quenching parameters do not need to be greatly modified, and the switch rail burning phenomenon is not easy to occur. On the other hand, the structure for realizing the switch rail deformation is a jacking mechanism which is propped against the bottom surface of the switch rail bottom and is not contacted with the heated and cooled rail head part, so that the part of the quenching head for quenching is not influenced, and the influence on the quenching effect is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a point rail fixing structure in an initial state before quenching in a quenching process of an i-shaped ultra-light point rail with a reverse deformation effect.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a point rail fixing structure in the quenching process of the i-shaped ultra-light point rail with the reversible deformation effect.
The labels in the figures are: 1. quenching head, 2, point rail fixing device, 3, hook, 4, point rail, 5, clamping plate, 6, guide rail, 7, jacking mechanism, 8, support, 9 and drag hook mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, for a more complete and accurate understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a quenching process of an i-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of the machine and the point rail 4, and preparation before quenching is carried out on the heat treatment machine tool, the point rail 4 and the checking fixture.
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a heat treatment machine tool: checking power supply voltage, oil level of an oil tank and cooling water level; checking whether the guide rail 6 is seriously burnt or not; and setting parameters such as the air pressure of the cooling device, the medium-frequency heating power of the induction heater, the traveling speed of the trolley and the like.
The point rail 4 is prepared: and removing flash, burrs, surface rust and oxide skin before quenching.
Preparing a checking fixture: all the checking tools are in place, and the checking tools are corrected or the checking tools are guaranteed to be in the correction validity period.
The heat treatment machine tool comprises a switch rail fixing device 2 and a quenching equipment main body, wherein the quenching equipment main body comprises an installation frame and a quenching head 1, the quenching head 1 provided with an induction heating head and a cooling medium nozzle is pressed close to the rail head of the switch rail 4, the induction heating head is close to the front, the cooling medium nozzle is close to the back, and the heating is firstly realized. The quenching head 1 is connected with the mounting frame through a liftable sliding mechanism, the slidable end of the sliding mechanism is rotatably connected with the quenching head 1 through a rotating shaft or other types of rotatable structures, and thus the quenching head 1 can be lifted and can adjust the angle along with the bending structure of the switch rail 4 within a certain range.
Step two: the switch rail 4 is fixed in position.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the point rail 4 is placed on the point rail fixing device 2 of the quenching machine tool in a way that the rail head faces upwards, the heel end of the point rail is inserted into a clamping plate 5 of the point rail fixing device 2 and connected with a guide rail 6, and a gap of 2-3mm is kept between the heel end of the point rail and the guide rail 6.
The guide rail 6 is arranged to enable the quenching head 1 to be positioned according to the guide rail 6 when reaching the position of the guide rail 6, so that the cooling medium nozzle behind the quenching head 1 is utilized to cool the point rail heel, and the inaccurate positioning of the quenching head 1 is avoided. Note that the guide rail 6 is arranged obliquely, with an angle and direction corresponding to the configuration of the heel end of the point rail. A gap is provided between the guide rail 6 and the point rail 4 to avoid deformation caused by extrusion of the guide rail 6 when the point rail 4 expands due to heating.
(2) The switch rail 4 fixed by the clamping plate 5 extends obliquely upwards along the direction of the switch rail fixing device 2, and the tip of the switch rail is pulled downwards by the retractable hook mechanism 9.
(3) The utility model discloses a switch rail fixing device, including the switch rail 4, the switch rail fixing device 2 is equipped with the switch rail 4, draw hook mechanism 9 with be equipped with a plurality of supports 8 along the direction of switch rail fixing device 2 between the splint 5, support 8 includes the climbing mechanism 7 of liftable, and climbing mechanism 7 upwards withstands the rail bottom of switch rail 4 makes switch rail 4 bends into convex arc towards the top (have railhead one side promptly).
The upper end height of each jacking mechanism 7 gradually rises from the heel end to the tip end direction, the height of the upper end of the jacking mechanism 7 closest to the drag hook mechanism 9 is close to the height of the hook end of the drag hook mechanism 9, the quenching head 1 of the quenching equipment is positioned at the tip end of the switch rail in the initial state, and the jacking mechanisms 7 are positioned in front of the quenching head 1.
The switch rail 4 can be bent into an arc shape through the hook mechanism 9 at the tip end and the support bases 8 which are propped against the rail bottom, the tip part of the switch rail 4 is close to the horizontal, the protruding direction of the bent switch rail 4 is opposite to the protruding direction of the bending deformation of the switch rail 4 after quenching in the prior art, so that the bending deformation of the switch rail 4 caused by the quenching process is reduced by utilizing the reverse bending caused by the jacking mechanism 7, the deformation amplitude can be effectively limited in a smaller range, and the subsequent straightening is simple or even the straightening is not required to be carried out by a separate process.
Adopt this technology to improve switch rail fixing device 2, quench the first 1 only need can install the frame relatively go up and down or angle of adjustment can, need not to set up extra heating device and cooling device, the used cost is lower to the heating method still is for heating one side of railhead, and its heating effect and corresponding quenching parameter need not carry out big modification, also difficult switch rail 4 burn phenomenon appears. On the other hand, the structure for realizing the deformation of the switch rail 4 is the jacking mechanism 7 which is propped against the bottom surface of the switch rail bottom and is not contacted with the heated and cooled rail head part, so that the quenching part of the quenching head 1 is not influenced, the quenching effect is prevented from being influenced, the large adjustment of quenching parameters is not needed, and the debugging is also more convenient.
Step three: the point rail 4 is quenched in full length from the 5mm cross section of the point rail tip.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) and starting the induction heater, staying and heating at the 5mm section at the tip of the point rail, starting the trolley to drive the point rail fixing device 2 to translate relative to the quenching equipment main body when the temperature reaches about 900 ℃, and starting the cooling device, wherein a cooling medium nozzle of the cooling device moves towards the heel end direction relative to the point rail 4 along with the quenching head 1. The trolley can be used for bearing the point rail fixing device 2 and also can be used for bearing a mounting frame provided with the quenching head 1, and only the point rail fixing device 2 and the quenching equipment main body can move relatively. The quenching head 1 slides along the switch rail 4 and is guided by the switch rail, and the height of the quenching head 1, the angle of a nozzle and other components are matched with the switch rail 4. The moving speed of the trolley is set, so that the quenching head 1 always moves relatively along the switch rail 4, and the moving speed of the trolley determines the moving speed of the quenching head 1.
(2) And adjusting the speed and the heating power of the trolley according to the quenching process parameters in the quenching process. The quenching process parameters comprise the temperature of the switch rail 4 after heating and the temperature after cooling in the quenching process. The moving speed of the trolley is converted into the moving speed of the quenching head 1 along the switch rail 4, and the heating temperature of the induction heater and the moving speed of the trolley are adjusted by combining the quenching process parameters of the switch rail 4, so that the switch rail 4 is prevented from being burnt due to overheating while the quenching temperature is ensured.
(3) During the quenching process, as the quenching head 1 moves, every time the quenching head 1 passes through a support 8, the jacking mechanism 7 on the support 8 starts to descend out of contact with the point rail 4, so that the upper end of the jacking mechanism 7 adjacent to the front of the quenching head 1 is kept tightly against the point rail 4, which is the highest stress point of the point rail 4, and the jacking mechanism 7 behind the quenching head 1 descends out of contact with the point rail 4.
The hook mechanism 9 comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a hook connecting piece connected to a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and a hook 3 connected to the hook connecting piece, the hook 3 is used for hooking the tip of the switch rail, and the hydraulic cylinder is used for pulling down the hook 3 and keeping the pull-down force stable in the quenching process.
The hook mechanism 9 also pulls the hook 3 to descend after the jacking mechanism 7 behind the quenching head 1 descends, and the hook 3 pulls the tip of the switch rail to descend until the balance of forces in the upper direction and the lower direction is realized again. In the descending process of the jacking mechanism 7, the part of the switch rail 4 behind the jacking mechanism 7 with the highest upper end deforms downwards along with the action of the draw hook mechanism 9, meanwhile, the quenching head 1 also descends synchronously with the corresponding switch rail 4 under the action of the lifting mechanism of the quenching head 1, the relative position of the quenching head 1 and the switch rail head at the position is kept when the quenching head descends, and the quenching head 1 descends along with the deformation of the switch rail 4 and then continuously moves forwards along the switch rail 4.
The lifting means 7 on each abutment 8 here have a minimum height requirement corresponding thereto, i.e. the height of the upper end of the lifting means 7, even after having been removed from contact with said point rail 4, must not fall below the corresponding minimum height requirement. Since the point 4 is relatively rigid before heating, the extent of bending of the point 4 is limited when the two pairs of points 4 are positioned and fixed in the step, and the counteracting effect of this counter-bending effect on the bending deformation of the point 4 caused by quenching is sometimes insufficient during quenching, so that the quenched portion is further bent downward along with the progress of quenching during the actual quenching. The heated portion of the point 4 is less rigid and more flexible, so that the point can be pulled further downward, thereby increasing the magnitude of the reverse bend and providing better cancellation, thereby minimizing the bending deformation of the quenched point 4. However, in the process of further reverse bending, the point rail 4 may be reversely bent after quenching (that is, the upward rail head side of the point rail 4 protrudes to generate bending) due to excessive bending, so that the lowest height needs to be set, when the point rail 4 is pulled down and bent, if the rail bottom contacts the upper end of the jacking mechanism 7 which contracts to the lowest height, the point rail cannot be further bent, and thus the problem of reverse bending of the point rail 4 after quenching can be prevented by setting a reasonable minimum height of the jacking mechanism 7.
(4) When the quenching head 1 moves along the point rail 4 and moves to the guide rail 6 at the heel end of the point rail, the induction heater and the cooling device are closed, and the quenching is finished. When the front part of the quenching head 1 moves on the guide rail 6, the nozzle part of the cooling device at the rear part is cooling the point heel along the direction of the point 4, so that the whole point 4 is quenched after a period of time, and the problem that the point heel cannot be cooled reliably due to the lack of the guide rail 6 is avoided.
(5) The quenched tongue 4 is inspected so that the surface thereof must not have defects such as burns, cracks, and flaws with a depth of more than 1 mm. Here, since the heating device is not increased or decreased as compared with the prior art, and also moves in the direction of the point rail 4, keeping a reasonable distance from the rail head portion, the heating effect of the present solution is not greatly changed as compared with the prior art, and the burn phenomenon is not easily transmitted.
Step four: the quenching operation is completed and the point rail 4 is removed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: each inspected point rail 4 is marked and after the quenched point rail 4 is gripped by a hoisting device, the connection of the point rail 4 with the hook 3 and the clamping plate 5 is contacted, and the quenched point rail 4 is hoisted out of the quenching device.
In the quenching process, for the switch rails 4 with different lengths, the number of the supports 8 and the jacking mechanisms 7 thereof which are required to be prepared before and after the quenching process is different, and the corresponding jacking mechanisms 7 have different minimum heights and are used for lowering the upper ends of the jacking mechanisms 7 to the corresponding heights after the corresponding switch rails 4 are quenched. The relationship between the specific number of seats 8 and the corresponding minimum height and length of the point rail 4 is given in the following table.
Table 1: minimum height of upper end of jacking mechanism of each support at the end of quenching
From the above, for the switch rails 4 with different lengths, the quenching of the switch rails 4 with corresponding types and lengths can be effectively realized only by adjusting the positions and the number of the supports 8 and the minimum height of the jacking mechanisms 7 thereon, and the problem of bending deformation of the switch rails 4 caused by quenching can be effectively avoided. Because the heel end is obliquely arranged, the minimum height of each support 8 is gradually increased from the heel end, so that the minimum height accords with the shape required by the switch rail 4 obliquely arranged after being pulled down, the function of preventing bending deformation can be effectively ensured, and the problem of bending deformation of the switch rail 4 in the opposite direction caused by overlarge reverse bending amplitude is avoided.
And correspondingly setting a threshold range [7000mm is larger than or equal to L and is smaller than 11000mm ], when the length of the switch rail 4 is smaller than the set threshold range, the number of the supports 8 required by the quenching process is smaller than the number of the supports 8 required by quenching the switch rail 4 within the threshold range, and when the length of the switch rail 4 is larger than the set threshold range, the number of the supports 8 required by the quenching process is larger than the number of the supports 8 required by quenching the switch rail 4 within the threshold range.
The relationship between the length range of the point rail 4 and the number of the supports 8 and the minimum height of the supports 8 in the table is limited to the type and material of the point rail 4 corresponding to the embodiment, for point rails 4 of different materials and types, the threshold value of the length range of the point rail 4 will change, and the number of the supports 8 and the minimum height of the supports 8 will change accordingly.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the specific implementation of the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various insubstantial modifications of the inventive concept and solution of the invention, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without modification.
Claims (7)
1. A quenching process of an I-shaped ultralight switch rail with reverse deformation effect is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: machine and point rail (4) preparation;
step two: the switch rail (4) is positioned and fixed; the switch rail (4) is fixed on the switch rail fixing device (2) in a way that the rail head faces upwards, the tip of the switch rail extends obliquely upwards and is pulled downwards by a telescopic hook mechanism (9),
the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) placing the switch rail (4) on a switch rail fixing device (2) of the quenching machine tool in a way that the rail head faces upwards;
(2) the point rail tip fixed by the clamping plate (5) extends obliquely upwards along the direction of the point rail fixing device (2), and is pulled downwards by the telescopic hook mechanism (9);
(3) a plurality of supports (8) are arranged between the draw hook mechanism (9) and the clamping plate (5) along the direction of the switch rail fixing device (2), each support (8) comprises a lifting mechanism (7) capable of lifting, and the lifting mechanisms (7) upwards support the rail bottom of the switch rail (4) to bend the switch rail (4) into an arc shape protruding upwards;
step three: the switch rail (4) is quenched in full length from the 5mm section of the tip of the switch rail forwards; after the quenching head (1) is started, the section of 5mm of the tip of the switch rail is heated, when the set temperature is reached, a cooling device is started, the quenching head (1) moves to the heel end of the switch rail along the switch rail (4), every time the quenching head (1) passes through a support (8), a jacking mechanism (7) on the support (8) begins to descend to be separated from the contact with the switch rail (4), and a hook pulling mechanism (9) also pulls the tip of the switch rail to descend after the jacking mechanism (7) behind the quenching head (1) descends until the balance of forces in the upper direction and the lower direction is realized again;
step four: the quenching operation is completed and the point rail (4) is removed.
2. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the upper end height of each jacking mechanism (7) is gradually increased from the switch rail heel end to the switch rail tip end direction, the upper end height of the jacking mechanism (7) closest to the drag hook mechanism (9) is close to the hook end height of the drag hook mechanism (9), the quenching head (1) of the quenching equipment is located at the switch rail tip end position in the initial state, and the jacking mechanisms (7) are located in front of the quenching head (1).
3. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in the third step, the jacking mechanisms (7) on the supports (8) have the corresponding minimum height requirements, namely the height of the upper ends of the jacking mechanisms (7) is not lower than the corresponding minimum height requirements even after the jacking mechanisms are separated from the contact with the switch rails (4), and the minimum height of each support (8) is gradually increased from the heel ends of the switch rails.
4. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: in the second step, the point rail heel end is inserted into a clamping plate (5) of the point rail fixing device (2) and connected with a guide rail (6), and a gap of 2-3mm is kept between the point rail heel end and the guide rail (6); and in the third step, after the quenching head (1) moves along the point rail (4) until the quenching head moves onto the guide rail (6) at the heel end of the point rail, the induction heater and the cooling device are closed, and the quenching is finished.
5. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the heat treatment machine tool comprises a switch rail fixing device (2) and a quenching equipment main body, wherein the quenching equipment main body comprises an installation frame and a quenching head (1), the quenching head (1) provided with an induction heating head and a cooling medium nozzle is connected with the installation frame through a liftable sliding mechanism, and a slidable end of the sliding mechanism is rotatably connected with the quenching head (1) through a rotatable structure.
6. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the third step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) starting an induction heater, staying and heating at the 5mm section at the tip of the switch rail, and starting a trolley to drive the switch rail fixing device (2) to translate relative to the quenching equipment main body when the temperature reaches about 900 ℃;
(2) adjusting the speed and heating power of the trolley according to quenching process parameters in the quenching process;
(3) during the quenching process, as the quenching head (1) moves, every time the quenching head (1) passes through a support (8), the jacking mechanism (7) on the support (8) begins to descend and is separated from the contact with the point rail (4), so that the upper end of the jacking mechanism (7) adjacent to the front of the quenching head (1) is kept tightly against the point rail (4) and is the highest stress point of the point rail (4), and the jacking mechanism (7) behind the quenching head (1) descends and is separated from the contact with the point rail (4);
(4) when the quenching head (1) moves along the switch rail (4) and moves to the guide rail (6) at the heel end of the switch rail, the induction heater and the cooling device are closed, and the quenching is finished;
(5) the quenched switch rail (4) is inspected, and the surface of the switch rail cannot have defects such as burn, cracks and scars with the depth of more than 1 mm.
7. The quenching process of an I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reverse deformation effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: when the length of the switch rail (4) is smaller than the set threshold range, the number of the supports (8) required by the quenching process is smaller than the number of the supports (8) required by quenching the switch rail (4) within the threshold range, and when the length of the switch rail (4) is larger than the set threshold range, the number of the supports (8) required by the quenching process is larger than the number of the supports (8) required by quenching the switch rail (4) within the threshold range.
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| CN202111469882.2A CN114164337B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Quenching process of I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reversible deformation effect |
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| CN202111469882.2A CN114164337B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Quenching process of I-shaped ultra-light switch rail with reversible deformation effect |
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| CN114164337B CN114164337B (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1102216A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-03 | 冶金工业部重庆钢铁设计研究院 | Heat-treatment method of point tongue |
| RU2135607C1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1999-08-27 | Научно-производственная фирма "Металлотерм" | Method of heat treatment of switch and stock rails and device for its embodiment |
| CN101319481A (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2008-12-10 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Quenching technique for ultra-long switch tongue and its isolated plant |
-
2021
- 2021-12-03 CN CN202111469882.2A patent/CN114164337B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1102216A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-03 | 冶金工业部重庆钢铁设计研究院 | Heat-treatment method of point tongue |
| RU2135607C1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1999-08-27 | Научно-производственная фирма "Металлотерм" | Method of heat treatment of switch and stock rails and device for its embodiment |
| CN101319481A (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2008-12-10 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Quenching technique for ultra-long switch tongue and its isolated plant |
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| CN114164337B (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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