CN114164042A - Extraction method of giant salamander oil - Google Patents
Extraction method of giant salamander oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114164042A CN114164042A CN202111457625.7A CN202111457625A CN114164042A CN 114164042 A CN114164042 A CN 114164042A CN 202111457625 A CN202111457625 A CN 202111457625A CN 114164042 A CN114164042 A CN 114164042A
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- giant salamander
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/12—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by melting out
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
Abstract
The invention provides a giant salamander oil extraction method, which is applied to the technical field of animal oil extraction and comprises the following steps: taking the fat tissue at the tail of the giant salamander, cleaning and mashing to obtain fatty chyle; freezing the fat emulsion to obtain frozen fat emulsion; freeze-drying the frozen fat emulsion to obtain dried fat emulsion; cooking and extruding the dried fatty emulsion to obtain crude giant salamander oil; and centrifuging the crude giant salamander oil to obtain the giant salamander essential oil. The extraction method of the giant salamander tail oil provided by the invention is simple in steps, convenient to operate and high in extraction rate of the giant salamander tail oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal fat extraction, and particularly relates to a giant salamander oil extraction method.
Background
Giant salamander oil is different from other animal oils, and contains extremely abundant unsaturated fatty acids, the fatty acid composition in giant salamander tail fat is superior to that of muscle, and particularly contains abundant arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The existing research shows that arachidonic acid is not only an important substance for the development of human brain and optic nerve, but also a precursor substance for synthesizing prostaglandin; EPA is an important component in fish oil; PUFA has a series of physiological regulation functions of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure, improving immunity, preventing cardiovascular diseases and the like.
The giant salamander fat has high health care and medicinal values, and has better effects of preventing myocardial infarction and arrhythmia, reducing blood fat and atherosclerosis, treating scalds and burns and the like. The giant salamander tail fat is extracted, refined and antioxidant, and then unsaturated fatty acid in the giant salamander tail fat is enriched, so that the giant salamander tail fat is used as a functional food, waste can be turned into wealth, the comprehensive utilization value of the giant salamander is effectively improved, and the development of a giant salamander deep-processed product is promoted. Therefore, the extraction method of the giant salamander tail oil, which has simple steps, is convenient to operate and has high extraction rate, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides the extraction method of the giant salamander tail oil, which has the advantages of simple steps, convenience in operation and high extraction rate.
The invention provides a giant salamander oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking the fat tissue at the tail of the giant salamander, cleaning and mashing to obtain fatty chyle;
(2) freezing the fat emulsion to obtain frozen fat emulsion;
(3) freeze-drying the frozen fat emulsion to obtain dried fat emulsion;
(4) cooking and extruding the dried fatty emulsion to obtain crude giant salamander oil;
(5) and centrifuging the crude giant salamander oil to obtain the giant salamander essential oil.
Preferably, in the step (2), the freezing temperature of the freezing is-90 to-70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature of the freeze drying is-30 to-20 ℃; the freeze drying time is 3-4 days.
Preferably, in the step (4), the cooking temperature is 25-95 ℃, and the cooking time is 6 hours;
preferably, in step (4), the cooking temperature is 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃, 65 ℃, 75 ℃, 85 ℃ or 95 ℃.
Preferably, in step (4), the cooking temperature is preferably 45 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (5), the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 8000-10000 r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in the step (5), the giant salamander essential oil is an upper oil phase after centrifugation.
Preferably, when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 45 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissue is 72.82%, and the giant salamander essential oil meets the refined fish oil standard; wherein the peroxide value of the giant salamander essential oil is 0.989meq/kg, the acid value is 2.573mg/g, the iodine value is 127.729g/100g, the content of insoluble impurities is 0.00256%, and the water content and volatile matter content are 0.1385%.
Preferably, when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 95 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissue is 77.84%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the extraction rate of extracting the giant salamander essential oil (namely the giant salamander tail oil) from the giant salamander tail adipose tissue by adopting the method of water-proof cooking and extrusion is (68.34% -77.84%), which is greatly improved compared with the extraction rate (40% -50%) of extracting the giant salamander tail oil by using the water-proof cooking method alone. Meanwhile, moisture in the giant salamander tail fat is extracted from the fat through freeze drying treatment, so that the water content of the giant salamander oil can be reduced, and the quality of the obtained giant salamander oil is higher. After the giant salamander tail fat is subjected to freeze drying treatment, the extracted giant salamander tail oil shows high consistency in color, is transparent faint yellow liquid, and is superior to the giant salamander tail oil which is directly cooked in a water-proof manner in appearance and smell.
(2) The extraction method provided by the invention has simple steps and is convenient to operate, not only can solve the waste and pollution of the tail fat of the giant salamander, but also improves the comprehensive utilization of the tail oil of the giant salamander, and the optimized process not only improves the extraction rate of the tail oil of the giant salamander, but also determines the conditions for extracting the high-quality tail oil of the giant salamander, and provides a reference for the extraction process research of the giant salamander oil in the future.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a giant salamander oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking the fat tissue at the tail of the giant salamander, cleaning and mashing to obtain fatty chyle;
(2) freezing the fat emulsion to obtain frozen fat emulsion;
(3) freeze-drying the frozen fat emulsion to obtain dried fat emulsion;
(4) cooking and extruding the dried fatty emulsion to obtain crude giant salamander oil;
(5) and centrifuging the crude giant salamander oil to obtain the giant salamander essential oil.
The giant salamander tail oil extraction method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, convenient to operate and high in extraction rate.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (2), the freezing temperature of the freezing is-90 to-70 ℃ (which may be-90 ℃, -85 ℃, -80 ℃, -75 ℃, or-70 ℃, for example).
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (3), the temperature of the freeze-drying is-30 to-20 ℃ (which may be-30 ℃, -28 ℃, -25 ℃, -22 ℃ or-20 ℃); the freeze-drying time is 3 to 4 days (for example, 3 days, 3.5 days, or 4 days).
In the invention, the moisture in the giant salamander tail fat is extracted from the fat by freeze drying treatment, so that the water content of the giant salamander oil can be reduced, and the quality of the obtained giant salamander oil is higher.
According to some preferred embodiments, in the step (4), the cooking temperature is 25 to 95 ℃ (for example, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃ or 90 ℃) and the cooking time is 6 h;
in the invention, the extraction rate of the giant salamander tail oil can be improved by extrusion after cooking.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (4), the cooking temperature is 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃, 65 ℃, 75 ℃, 85 ℃ or 95 ℃.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (4), the cooking temperature is preferably 45 ℃.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (5), the centrifugation is performed at 8000-10000 r/min (for example, 8000r/min, 8500r/min, 9000r/min, 9500r/min or 10000r/min) for 5-10 min (for example, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min or 10 min).
According to some preferred embodiments, in the step (5), the giant salamander essential oil is an upper oil phase after centrifugation.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 45 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissue is 72.82%, and the giant salamander essential oil meets the refined fish oil standard;
wherein the peroxide value of the giant salamander essential oil is 0.989meq/kg, the acid value is 2.573mg/g, the iodine value is 127.729g/100g, the content of insoluble impurities is 0.00256%, and the water content and volatile matter content are 0.1385%.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 95 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissue is 77.84%.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme and advantages of the invention, the following detailed description is made on the extraction method of giant salamander oil by using several embodiments.
Example 1:
(1) placing the giant salamanders in an iron plate wrapped by a preservative film, carefully peeling tail fat by using scissors and a scalpel, putting the fat into deionized water for cleaning, and then putting the fat into a mashing machine for mashing to obtain fat paste;
(2) then weighing and subpackaging the fat emulsion, and freezing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 ℃ to obtain frozen fat emulsion;
(3) taking out the frozen fat emulsion, putting the frozen fat emulsion into a pre-refrigerated freeze dryer, and carrying out freeze drying treatment at-30 ℃ for 3 days to obtain dried fat emulsion; taking out the dried fat emulsion, introducing nitrogen, sealing, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 deg.C;
(4) weighing 1g of pretreated tail fat minced tissue, putting the pretreated tail fat minced tissue into a 2mL centrifuge tube, slightly extruding the mixture by using a glass rod, fixing the mixture on a floating plate, putting the floating plate on a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 25 ℃, boiling the mixture for 6 hours in a water-proof manner, taking out the mixture, putting the mixture into a 5mL syringe for extrusion, and obtaining giant salamander crude oil by using the extruded giant salamander oil;
(5) centrifuging the crude giant salamander oil (8000r/min, 5min), collecting the upper oil layer, introducing nitrogen gas, sealing, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 deg.C in dark.
Example 2: example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 35 ℃.
Example 3: example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 45 ℃.
Example 4: example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 55 ℃.
Example 5: example 5 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 65 ℃.
Example 6: example 6 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 75 ℃.
Example 7: example 7 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 85 ℃.
Example 8: example 8 differs from example 1 in that: the cooking temperature was 95 ℃.
Performance test of giant salamander oil:
(a) the extraction rate, peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, insoluble impurity content, and moisture and volatile content of the giant salamander oil obtained in examples 1 to 8 were measured, and the test results are shown in table 1.
(b) The appearance and odor of the giant salamander oil obtained in examples 1 to 8 were observed, and the observation results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
The detection standard of each parameter is the detection reference SL/T6106-2012 of peroxide value, and each sample is parallelly measured for 3 times; acid number detection was performed 3 times in parallel for each sample, with reference to LS/T6107-2012; iodine value detection is carried out according to GB/T5532-2008, and each sample is parallelly measured for 3 times; the content of insoluble impurities is detected according to GB/T15688-2008, and each sample is parallelly measured for 3 times; moisture and its volatiles were detected according to GB5009.234-2016, and each sample was assayed in 3 replicates.
As can be seen from table 1, the effect of temperature on the extraction rate of giant salamander oil: after the cooked giant salamander tail fat is subjected to extrusion treatment, the oil yield of each temperature is not greatly different and is between 70% and 80%, compared with a direct cooking method (40% to 50%), the oil yield is improved greatly, wherein the highest extraction rate is the giant salamander tail oil at the cooking temperature of 95 ℃, and the extraction rate is 77.84%; the lowest extraction rate is the giant salamander tail oil when the cooking temperature is 25 ℃, and the extraction rate is 68.34%.
Effect of temperature on peroxide value of obtained giant salamander oil: the temperature has great influence on the peroxide value of the giant salamander oil, but the peroxide value of the giant salamander tail oil at all temperatures reaches the primary standard of the refined fish oil of SC/T3502-2016; wherein, the peroxide values of the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ are less than 1, and are respectively 0.970meq/kg, 0.989meq/kg and 0.870 meq/kg; the maximum peroxide value is giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 85 ℃, and the peroxide value is 4.826 meq/kg; the lowest peroxide value is the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 55 ℃, and the peroxide value is 0.870 meq/kg; therefore, the peroxide value of the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ is better.
Influence of temperature on acid value of obtained giant salamander oil: the lowest acid value is the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 45 ℃, and the acid value is 2.573 mg/g; the giant salamander tail oil with the highest acid value is obtained when the cooking temperature is 95 ℃, and the giant salamander tail oil with the highest acid value is 3.623 mg/g; however, the giant salamander tail oil at all temperatures reaches the primary standard of SC/T3502-2016 crude fish oil, wherein the acid value of the giant salamander tail oil at the cooking temperature of 45 ℃ reaches the secondary standard of refined fish oil, so that the acid value of the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 45 ℃ is the best.
Effect of temperature on iodine value of obtained giant salamander oil: the giant salamander tail oil with the lowest iodine value is the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 65 ℃, the iodine value is 110.928g/100g, the crude fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016 is not met, except the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 65 ℃, the iodine values of the giant salamander tail oil with other cooking temperatures reach the crude fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016; wherein, the iodine value of the giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 25 ℃, 45 ℃ and 95 ℃ is higher, namely 127.664g/100g, 127.729g/100g and 130.685g/100g, so that the iodine value of the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 25 ℃, 45 ℃ and 95 ℃ is the best.
Effect of temperature on insoluble impurity content of obtained giant salamander oil: the lowest content of insoluble impurities is giant salamander tail oil with cooking temperature of 55 ℃, and the content of insoluble impurities is 0.0017%; the content of insoluble impurities in the giant salamander tail oil at all cooking temperatures is less than or equal to 0.01 percent and reaches the standard of refined fish oil of SC/T3502-2016; wherein, the content of insoluble impurities in the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 45 ℃, 55 ℃ and 85 ℃ is better.
Influence of temperature on moisture and volatile content of the obtained giant salamander oil: the lowest content of water and volatile matters is giant salamander tail oil with the cooking temperature of 85 ℃, and the content of water and volatile matters is 0.1054%; the water content and volatile matter content of the giant salamander tail oil at all cooking temperatures are less than or equal to 0.2 percent and reach the refined secondary fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016; wherein, the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃ and 85 ℃ has better water content and volatile matter content.
By combining the data and analysis, the optimal parameters are that when the cooking time is 6 hours, the extraction temperature is 45 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander tail fat at the temperature is 72.82%, the appearance and the smell of the giant salamander tail oil reach the standard of refined fish oil, the peroxide value is 0.989meq/kg, the acid value is 2.573mg/g, the iodine value is 127.729g/100g, the content of insoluble impurities is 0.00256%, and the water content and volatile matter are 0.1385%.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the temperature has certain influence on the appearance and smell, and the appearance of the giant salamander tail oil extracted at all temperatures meets the refined fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016; however, the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 85 ℃ and 95 ℃ has fish oil rancidity taste and meets the crude fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016, so the giant salamander tail oil extracted at the cooking temperature of 25 ℃ to 75 ℃ has appearance and smell meeting the refined fish oil standard of SC/T3502-2016.
Comparative example 1
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 2
The difference between comparative example 2 and example 2 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 3
The difference between comparative example 3 and example 3 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 4
The difference between comparative example 4 and example 4 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 5
The difference between comparative example 5 and example 5 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 6
The difference between comparative example 6 and example 6 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 7
The difference between comparative example 7 and example 7 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Comparative example 8
The difference between comparative example 8 and example 8 is that: and (4) directly steaming without extrusion in the step (4).
Experimental results show that the extraction rate of the tail oil of the giant salamanders in the comparative examples 1-8 is 40% -50%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction method of giant salamander oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) taking the fat tissue at the tail of the giant salamander, cleaning and mashing to obtain fatty chyle;
(2) freezing the fat emulsion to obtain frozen fat emulsion;
(3) freeze-drying the frozen fat emulsion to obtain dried fat emulsion;
(4) cooking and extruding the dried fatty emulsion to obtain crude giant salamander oil;
(5) and centrifuging the crude giant salamander oil to obtain the giant salamander essential oil.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (2), the freezing temperature of the freezing is-90 to-70 ℃.
3. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (3), the temperature of the freeze drying is-30 to-20 ℃; the freeze drying time is 3-4 days.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4):
the cooking temperature is 25-95 ℃, and the cooking time is 6 hours.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (4), the cooking temperature is 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃, 65 ℃, 75 ℃, 85 ℃ or 95 ℃.
6. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step (4), the cooking temperature is preferably 45 ℃.
7. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (5), the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 8000-10000 r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
8. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (5), the giant salamander essential oil is an upper oil phase after centrifugation.
9. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 45 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissue is 72.82%, and the giant salamander essential oil meets the refined fish oil standard;
wherein the peroxide value of the giant salamander essential oil is 0.989meq/kg, the acid value is 2.573mg/g, the iodine value is 127.729g/100g, the content of insoluble impurities is 0.00256%, and the water content and volatile matter content are 0.1385%.
10. The extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that:
when the cooking temperature in the step (4) is 95 ℃, the extraction rate of the giant salamander essential oil in the giant salamander tail adipose tissues is 77.84%.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103666742A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-26 | 张家界金鲵生物工程股份有限公司 | Extraction method of giant salamander oil and giant salamander oil product |
| CN106635419A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南湘西密码生态农业开发有限公司 | Extraction equipment and extraction technology of essential oil from giant salamander |
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- 2021-12-02 CN CN202111457625.7A patent/CN114164042A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103666742A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-26 | 张家界金鲵生物工程股份有限公司 | Extraction method of giant salamander oil and giant salamander oil product |
| CN106635419A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南湘西密码生态农业开发有限公司 | Extraction equipment and extraction technology of essential oil from giant salamander |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 鲍丹;陶宁萍;刘茗柯;: "宝石鱼油的提取、精制及其脂肪酸组成的分析", 食品科学 * |
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