CN114163433A - 一种小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114163433A CN114163433A CN202111573181.3A CN202111573181A CN114163433A CN 114163433 A CN114163433 A CN 114163433A CN 202111573181 A CN202111573181 A CN 202111573181A CN 114163433 A CN114163433 A CN 114163433A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- formula
- berberine
- aryl
- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 cyano, nitro, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D455/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine
- C07D455/03—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明的小檗碱衍生物抗心肌缺血作用显著、制备路线可行且合理,成本较低,有毒有害试剂使用较少,不对环境造成污染,适用于大量工业生产。本发明所开发的具有心脏保护活性的小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法,能有效地为开发新的心脏保护药物提供依据,而且未来经济效益巨大,能够产生广泛的社会效益,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化学领域,具体而言,本发明涉及一种小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法,还涉及所述小檗碱衍生物的用途。
背景技术
随着我国人口老龄化和居民生活方式的改变,心血管病已经成为威胁我国人民生命和健康的重大公共卫生问题。《中国心血管病一级预防指南》(2020年)指出缺血性心脏病的死亡率在总心血管病死亡率中所占比例从1990年的40%上升至2016年的61%,同期年均死亡人数从100万增至240万,防治形势日益严峻。心肌梗死(Myocardial infarction,MI)即心肌缺血性坏死,是由冠状动脉血供减少或需求增加引起,继发于冠状动脉粥样硬化,导致心肌缺血、缺氧,常并发心律失常、心肌细胞损伤、心脏组织瘢痕形成、心脏重塑、心功能障碍,最终导致心力衰竭。严重危害人类生命健康。
目前,临床上心肌缺血的常用药物有抗血小板药物,硝酸酯类药物,β受体阻滞剂,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等,但对于延长患者寿命、减少患者死亡率方面现有药物疗效仍不理想,且大多伴有一定的副作用,因此开发有效的、安全的抗心肌缺血药物具有重要的意义。
小檗碱(5,6-二氢-9,10-二甲氧苯并[g]-1,3-苯并二氧戊环[5,6-α]喹嗪),又名黄连素,属于季铵型异喹啉类生物碱。是主要存在于小檗科、罂粟科、毛莨科、芸香科和防己科等植物中的有效单体。小檗碱具有很好的抗痢、抗传染性原虫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调节血脂、降血压和抗心律失常等多种药理活性,目前小檗碱的清热解毒和抗菌等功能已经应用于临床。但由于小檗碱生物利用度较低,限制了小檗碱的应用。本发明通过对小檗碱进行结构改造得到了一种结构新颖的小檗碱衍生物,并发现其具有抗心肌缺血的心脏保护作用,进而提出了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有心脏保护作用的小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法和心脏保护用途。本发明的小檗碱衍生物合成路线简单,可有效节省合成时间及降低成本,操作简单,易于实施,适用于工业生产。本发明所提供的化合物抗心肌缺血的心脏保护作用显著、安全性好、用药简单方便、价格低廉、便于运输与保存等优点。
为此,本发明的第一个方面提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物:
其中,
X1、X2、X3独立地选自-O-、-NH-;
R1、R2独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基,或者R1与R2一起形成-CH2-、-CH2CH2-;
R3选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-COR、-COOR、-CONRR'、-S(O)nR、-P(O)(OR4)2、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R、R'独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-(5-10)元杂环基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R4选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、铵基、金属离子;
L选自C1-10的亚烷基;
Het选自-(5-14)元杂芳基;
n选自1或2;
M-表示阴离子;
上述的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基,单独的或者作为任一基团的一部分,可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种药物组合物,其包括式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物。
本发明的第三个方面提供了一种组合药物,其包含式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,以及对于心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死有帮助的其他药物。
本发明的第四个方面提供了式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物在制备药物中的应用。
本发明的第五个方面提供了式I的小檗碱衍生物的制备方法。
有益效果:
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益技术效果在于:
1、本发明开发了一种具有心脏保护活性的小檗碱衍生物及其制备方法,能有效地为开发新的心脏保护药物提供依据,而且未来经济效益巨大,能够产生广泛的社会效益,应用前景广阔。
2、本发明的制备路线可行且合理,成本较低,有毒有害试剂使用较少,不对环境造成污染,得到小檗碱衍生物总收率可达71%,纯度平均可达98%以上,适用于大量工业生产。
3、本发明的小檗碱衍生物抗心肌缺血作用显著:其能够显著改善缺血心脏的心脏功能异常,表现为增加缺血心脏的射血分数(EF)和短轴缩短率(FS),此外所述的药物具有增加体外H2O2损伤的心肌细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)活性作用。可以作为安全有效的预防和治疗心肌缺血的药物:
(1)抗心肌缺血作用显著优于小檗碱:本发明的小檗碱衍生物能够显著保护缺血心脏,增加缺血心脏的射血分数和短轴缩短率,增加体外H2O2损伤的心肌细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)活性作用效果显著优于同等剂量的小檗碱;
(2)安全性好:本发明的小檗碱衍生物耐受量大,无明显毒副作用;
(3)用药简单方便,人或动物口服易吸收;
(4)本发明的药物原料为小檗碱,成品成药性强,与其他进口抗心肌缺血药物相比,价格便宜,性价比高,易于患者接受;
(5)便于运输与保存,密封,置阴凉干燥处即可。
附图说明
图1为中间体溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱氢谱图;
图2为中间体溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱碳谱图;
图3为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱氢谱图;
图4为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱碳谱图;
图5为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱的细胞毒性结果;
图6为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱对心肌梗死小鼠心脏功能的影响;
图7为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱对H2O2处理后乳鼠原代心肌细胞中SOD的影响;
图8为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱对H2O2处理后乳鼠原代心肌细胞中ATP的影响。
具体实施方式
在本文中,术语“治疗”和其它类似的同义词包括缓解、减轻或改善疾病或病症症状,预防其它症状,改善或预防导致症状的潜在代谢原因,抑制疾病或病症,例如阻止疾病或病症的发展,缓解疾病或病症,使疾病或病症好转,缓解由疾病或病症导致的症状,或者中止疾病或病症的症状,此外,该术语包含预防的目的。该术语还包括获得治疗效果和/或预防效果。所述治疗效果是指治愈或改善所治疗的潜在疾病。此外,对与潜在疾病相关的一种或多种生理症状的治愈或改善也是治疗效果,例如尽管患者可能仍然受到潜在疾病的影响,但观察到患者情况改善。就预防效果而言,可向具有患特定疾病风险的患者施用所述组合物,或者即便尚未做出疾病诊断,但向出现该疾病的一个或多个生理症状的患者施用所述组合物。
在本文中,术语“有效量”是指服用后足以在某种程度上缓解所治疗的疾病或病症的一个或多个症状的至少一种药剂或化合物的量。其结果可以为迹象、症状或病因的消减和/或缓解,或生物系统的任何其它所需变化。例如,用于治疗的“有效量”是在临床上提供显著的病症缓解效果所需的包含本文公开化合物的组合物的量。可使用诸如剂量递增试验的技术测定适合于任意个体病例中的有效量。
在本文中,术语“可接受的”是指对接受治疗的受试者的一般健康情况没有长期的有害影响。
在本文中,术语“药学上可接受的”是指不影响本申请化合物的生物活性或性质的物质(如载体或辅剂),并且相对无毒,即该物质可施用于个体而不造成不良的生物反应或以不良方式与组合物中包含的任意组分相互作用。
在本文中,术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴或碘。
在本文中,术语“烷基”表示优选含有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,烷基的碳原子优选为1-6个,更优选1-4个。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基或己基等。
在本文中,术语“环烷基”表示优选含有3-12个碳原子的环状饱和烃基,环烷基的碳原子优选为3-10个,更优选3-8个。环烷基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基等。
在本文中,术语“芳基”表示优选含有6-18个碳原子的碳环芳基,芳基的碳原子优选为6-14个,更优选6-10个,它可以是单环、二环或三环的。芳基的实例包括苯基、萘基或蒽基等。
在本文中,术语“杂芳基”表示优选具有5-14个环原子、并且含有至少1个选自O、N和S的杂原子,任选含1-3个独立选自O、N和S的另外的杂原子的杂环芳基。杂芳基的环原子数优选为5-10个,更优选5-6个。所述杂芳基与其他基团的连接位点可位于环的任何杂原子或碳原子上,以便形成稳定的结构。杂芳基的实例包括吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吡喃基、吲哚基、异吲哚啉基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基等。
在本文中,术语“杂环基”表示优选具有5-14个环原子、并且含有至少1个选自O、N和S的杂原子,任选含1-3个独立选自O、N和S的另外的杂原子的饱和或部分不饱和杂环基团。杂环基的环原子数优选为5-10个,更优选5-7个。所述杂环基与其他基团的连接位点可位于环的任何杂原子或碳原子上,以便形成稳定的结构。杂环基的实例包括吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、四氢呋喃基、二氧戊环基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、二氧六环基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、二噻烷基、三噻烷基、高哌啶基、高哌嗪基等。
本发明的第一个方面提供了一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物:
其中,
X1、X2、X3独立地选自-O-、-NH-;
R1、R2独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基,或者R1与R2一起形成-CH2-、-CH2CH2-;
R3选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-COR、-COOR、-CONRR'、-S(O)nR、-P(O)(OR4)2、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R、R'独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-(5-10)元杂环基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R4选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、铵基、金属离子;
L选自C1-10的亚烷基;
Het选自-(5-14)元杂芳基;
n选自1或2;
M-表示阴离子;
上述的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基,单独的或者作为任一基团的一部分,可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
在一个优选的实施方案中,X1选自-O-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,X2选自-O-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,X3选自-O-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1、R2独立地选自氢、-C1-4烷基。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1与R2一起形成-CH2-、-CH2CH2-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R3选自-C1-4烷基、-C3-7环烷基、-C6-10芳基、-(5-6)元杂芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-6)元杂芳基,上述的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基,单独的或者作为任一基团的一部分,可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
优选的,R3选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苯乙基、吡啶基,上述的甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苯乙基、吡啶基可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
在一个优选的实施方案中,L选自-(CHRL)m-,其中RL选自氢、-C1-4烷基,m选自1、2、3、4、5或6。
优选的,L选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-C(CH3)2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH2C(CH3)2CH2-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,Het选自-(5-10)元杂芳基,其可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
优选的,Het选自-(5-6)元杂芳基,其可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、三氟甲氧基、甲氨基、乙氨基、-COOMe、-COOEt、-COMe、-COEt的基团取代。
优选的,Het选自吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吡喃基、吲哚基、异吲哚啉基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基,其可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、三氟甲氧基、甲氨基、乙氨基、-COOMe、-COOEt、-COMe、-COEt的基团取代。
在一个优选的实施方案中,M-选自F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、CH3COO-。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述式I的小檗碱衍生物选自:
优选的,式I的小檗碱衍生物选自:
该化合物分子式C26H23BrN2O6S,分子量571.44,命名为:9-(3-((噻唑-4-羰基)氧基)丙氧基)-10-甲氧基-5,6-二氢-[1,3]二氧杂环[4,5-g]异喹啉基[3,2-a]异喹啉-7-溴化铵(溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱);9-(3-((thiazole-4-carbonyl)oxy)propoxy)-10-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]iso quinolin-7-iumbromide。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明所述式I的小檗碱衍生物包括其立体异构体。当依据本发明的化合物具有至少1个手性中心时,它们可相应地以对映体形式存在。当化合物具有2个或更多个手性中心时,它们可相应地以非对映异构体形式存在。应该理解的是,所有这样的异构体及其混合物均包括在本发明范围之内。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明所述式I的小檗碱衍生物包括其多晶型物、溶剂化物、水合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明所述式I的小檗碱衍生物包括其药学上可接受的盐。为了应用在药物中,本发明化合物的盐被认为是无毒性的“药学上可接受的盐”。然而,其它的盐可用于制备依据本发明的化合物,或制备它们的药学上可接受的。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括其游离碱性化合物与常规酸形成的酸加成盐,所述酸包括无机酸和有机酸,诸如:盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸、反丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、甲酸、乙酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、硬脂酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、酰化的氨基酸、褐藻酸、抗坏血酸、L-天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、(+)-樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、(+)-(1S)-樟脑-10-磺酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环己烷氨基磺酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、2-羟基-乙烷磺酸、半乳糖二酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖醛酸、L-谷氨酸、α-氧代-戊二酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、(+)-L-乳酸、(±)-DL-乳酸、乳糖酸、(-)-L-苹果酸、(±)-DL-扁桃酸、甲烷磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、1-羟基-2-萘酸、烟酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、L-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、4-氨基-水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、对-甲苯磺酸和十一碳烯酸等等;代表性的药学上可接受的盐包括如下:乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、溴化物、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、乙磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、氢溴酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、丁二酸盐、酒石酸盐和甲苯磺酸盐等等。
此外,当本发明化合物带有酸的部分,则其适宜的药学上可接受的盐可包括碱金属盐如,钠盐或钾盐;碱土金属盐,如,钙盐或镁盐;以及与适宜的有机配体所形成的盐,如季铵盐。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种药物组合物,其包括本发明式I化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、前药、立体异构体、晶体、溶剂化物或水合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述的药物组合物还包含药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。进一步优选的,所述的药物组合物为包含式I的小檗碱衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,以及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的复方制剂。
所用的具体载体、稀释剂或赋形剂将取决于本发明化合物被应用的方式和目的。适宜的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂包括:碳水化合物、水可溶或可膨胀聚合物、亲水性或疏水性材料、蜡类、明胶、油类、溶剂、水等。作为上述载体、稀释剂或赋形剂,具体可包含例如:水、淀粉、乳糖、右旋糖、果糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、聚乙烯醇、橡胶、明胶、海藻酸盐、硅酸钙、磷酸钙、纤维素、糖水、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、对羟基苯山梨酸烷基酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、甘油、芝麻油、橄榄油、大豆油等。
本发明所述的药物组合物还可以包含一种或者多种粘合剂、崩解剂、助悬剂、稳定剂、等渗剂、表面活化剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、缓冲剂、增溶剂、乳化剂、混悬剂、防腐剂、抗氧剂、遮光剂、助流剂、着色剂、增甜剂、芳香剂、调味剂和其他已知的添加剂。
本发明的药物组合物可通过将本发明式I的小檗碱衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型与适宜的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂组合而制备,且可配制成胶囊剂、片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、缓释剂、注射剂或其他制剂。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明所述的药物组合物为经载体修饰后的药物。优选的,所述的载体为微球、脂质体、微乳液、高分子表面活性剂、纳米粒子、植入剂等先进剂型中的一种或更多种。当活性成分经载体修饰后,可利于吸收,并利于提高口服生物利用度。
本发明的药物组合物可含有0.01至99wt%的活性成分,优选的,可含有0.01%到50wt%,优选0.1%到10wt%,更优选0.5%至5wt%,最优选1%至2wt%的活性成分。
本发明中,活性成分的剂量可在很大范围内变化,例如可以为成人1-1000mg,优选10-500mg,更优选20-100mg。一般在约0.1-50mg/kg体重,优选0.5-20mg/kg,更优选0.8-5mg/kg体重的剂量水平提供药物的有效量。所给予的理想剂量可易于由本领域技术人员确定,并随所使用的特定化合物、给药方式、制剂的规格、给药方式和疾病状况的进展而改变。另外,与所治疗的具体患者相关的因素可导致调整剂量的需要,所述因素包括患者年龄、体重、饮食和给药时间。所述药物组合物可通过单个日剂量给予。
此外,本发明的第三个方面提供了一种组合药物,其包含式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,以及对于心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死有帮助的其他药物。
优选的,所述其他药物选自利尿药物、血管扩张药物、神经-内分泌系统调节药物中的一种或更多种。
本发明创建了心肌梗死模型,观察了小檗碱衍生物对实验性心肌梗死小鼠的心脏保护作用,发现此小檗碱衍生物能够显著改善缺血心脏的心脏功能,表现为增加缺血心脏的射血分数(EF)和短轴缩短率(FS)。同时,通过体外实验,证实了本发明小檗碱衍生物能够增加体外H2O2损伤的心肌细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,能够增加体外H2O2损伤的心肌细胞中的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生成。因此,本发明小檗碱衍生物具有心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死的作用。
因此,本发明的第四个方面提供了式I的小檗碱衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物在心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死中的应用。
同样的,本发明提供了式I的小檗碱衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物在制备心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死的药物中的应用。
本发明的第五个方面还提供了本发明式I的小檗碱衍生物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤1:式II化合物与式III化合物反应生成式IV化合物;
步骤2:式IV化合物与式V化合物反应生成式I的小檗碱衍生物;
其中,X1-X3、R1-R3、L、Het、M-的定义如本文所述;
TA、TB独立的表示离去基团,优选卤素,更优选氯或溴;
M1 -表示阴离子,其可以与M-相同,也可以与M-不同。优选的,M1 -选自F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、CH3COO-。
当式I的小檗碱衍生物选自化合物1时,所述制备方法为:
小檗红碱与1,3-二溴丙醇反应得到溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱,然后溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱与噻唑-4-甲酸反应得到所述终产物。
以下将对发明的优选实例进行详细描述。所举实例是为了更好地对发明内容进行,并不是发明内容仅限于实例。根据发明内容对实施方案的非本质的改进和调整,仍属于发明范畴。
圆底烧瓶中依次加入1g小檗红碱,0.421mg碳酸钾,0.93g碘化钠,DMF15ml,80℃回流30min后,滴加入1,3-二溴丙醇850μl,继续回流反应6h,点板监测反应,结束后,加入乙酸乙酯40ml,冰水静置30min,结晶沉淀析出,过滤,得到粗品后,15ml DMF溶解,再加入乙酸乙酯30ml,二次重结晶,抽滤,干燥,得到溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱1.31g,收率90%。多次重复获得足够中间体。
取溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱2.019g,噻唑-4-甲酸1.356g,碘化钠633mg,DMF 120ml,三乙胺2.33ml。90℃回流反应2小时后,停止反应。冷却后,反应体系加120ml蒸馏水,然后用二氯甲烷萃取(120ml×3),合并二氯甲烷相,加入480mL石油醚,有大量沉淀析出,抽滤得滤饼。拌样柱层析,硅胶200g湿法装柱,洗脱剂为梯度体积洗脱比为CH2Cl2:CH3OH=40:1→30:1,得黄色固体1.725g,即为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱。收率79%。
中间体化合物结构鉴定:
对实施例1制备得到的化合物中间体溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱的结构进行鉴定,氢谱、碳谱相关信号示意图如图1-2所示。
溴化9-O-溴丙基小檗碱,化学名:9-(3-溴丙氧基)-10-甲氧基-5,6-二氢-[1,3]二氧杂环[4,5-g]异喹啉基[3,2-a]异喹啉-7-溴化铵。黄色粉末,溶于二氯甲烷。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.82(s,1H),8.97(s,1H),8.21(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.18(s,2H),4.97(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.42(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.07(s,3H),3.84(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.23(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.43(m,J=6.4Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ150.37,149.78,147.65,145.31,142.86,137.43,133.00,130.64,126.70,123.25,121.64,120.42,120.17,108.39,105.39,102.06,71.92,57.48,57.05,55.32,39.90,39.76,39.62,39.48,39.35,39.21,39.07,32.76,26.31。
目标化合物结构鉴定:
对实施例1制备得到的最终产物的结构进行鉴定,氢谱、碳谱相关信号示意图如图3-4所示。
溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱,化学名:9-(3-((噻唑-4-羰基)氧基)丙氧基)-10-甲氧基-5,6-二氢-[1,3]二氧杂环[4,5-g]异喹啉基[3,2-a]异喹啉-7-溴化铵。黄色粉末,溶于甲醇。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.83(s,1H),9.19(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.94(s,1H),8.62(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.18(s,2H),4.94(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.59(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.45(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.22(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.33(m,J=6.3Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.33,156.02,150.72,150.23,148.09,145.73,142.96,137.87,133.38,131.08,129.87,127.05,123.87,121.96,120.82,120.59,108.82,105.82,102.49,71.37,62.15,57.40,55.71,40.45,29.40,26.71。
综合上述信息确定该化合物结构如下所示:
实施例2:本发明化合物的细胞毒性试验
1、实验材料
实验细胞:原代乳鼠心肌细胞
受试物:溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱(化合物1,实施例1制备)
2、实验原理
使用CCK-8法检测新化合物溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱对乳鼠原代心肌细胞的毒性。CCK-8试剂中含有WST–8:化学名:2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐,它在电子载体1-甲氧基-5-甲基吩嗪硫酸二甲酯(1-MethoxyPMS)的作用下被细胞线粒体中的脱氢酶还原为具有高度水溶性的黄色甲臜产物(Formazan)。生成的甲臜物的数量与活细胞的数量成正比。用酶联免疫检测仪在450nm波长处测定其光吸收值,可反映活细胞数量,其数值越大则表明细胞活性越强。
3、实验方法
3.1乳鼠原代心肌细胞培养
实验开始前将实验器材高温灭菌2小时,胰酶消化液放入37℃水浴锅预热。取乳鼠酒精消毒后,剪刀一次性剪开左胸部皮肤与胸骨,挤出心脏,弯镊将其取下,放入预冷的无FBS的DMEM培养基中。去除心脏表面血管、残留积血和附着的肺部组织,将心脏组织剪成大小均一的碎块。将心脏碎块吸入15ml的离心管中,弃上清,PBS清洗组织2-3次。加入与心脏组织等体积的胰酶消化液,振荡离心管加快消化,待消化液变至微浊,将消化液转移至DMEM培养基中终止消化。待所有心脏组织消化完成后用滤网过滤,离心,1500转/分,5分钟。弃上清留底部细胞沉淀,取含有10%FBS的DMEM培养基于离心管中,吹匀细胞并移至瓶中,37℃,5%CO2的孵箱培养1.5-2小时后,差速,吸出悬浮的心肌细胞,重新铺96孔板,继续培养48小时后,状态良好情况下用于后续实验。
3.2给药及CCK-8
将乳鼠原代心肌细胞消化后重悬到合适浓度于96孔板中培养,每孔100μl。继续培养48小时后,状态良好情况下进行换液加药,加入终浓度为0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100、500和1000μM的溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱,且以每个浓度5个复孔培养24小时。24小时后,在避光条件下取CCK-8溶液用DMEM培养基稀释,稀释比例为1:10。进行换液。37℃孵育1-4小时后,放入酶标仪中振摇10秒,记录450nm下的吸光度(Optical Density,OD450)。
4实验数据与结果
4.1数据处理
根据计算公式:细胞抑制率%=(1-加药组细胞OD450值/对照组细胞OD450值)*100,计算不同浓度化合物对乳鼠原代心肌细胞的相对抑制率,进而拟合量效曲线,计算化合物的IC50值。实验数据采用均值±标准误差表示,采用One-wayANOVA分析各组细胞OD450值;P<0.05表示有显著差异。实验结果均采用Graphpad Prism 8.0进行统计及作图。
4.2实验结果
溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱的毒性结果见图5。化合物溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱在浓度为1000μM时,其细胞抑制率仅为41%。上述实验证明,化合物溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱在所测定的浓度范围毒性较小。
实施例3:本发明化合物的功效性试验1
1、实验材料
实验动物:25只体重为25-30g的C57BL/6雄性小鼠
受试物:溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱(化合物1,实施例1制备),对照化合物:小檗碱,阳性对照:沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠。
2、实验原理
通过结扎小鼠冠状动脉左前降支建立心肌梗死小鼠模型,再给予小鼠受试药物,可检测受试物对心肌缺血的影响,并可判定受试物对心肌梗死小鼠的心脏功能的影响。
3、实验方法
3.1动物分组
随机分组:将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为5组,即假手术组、心肌梗死模型组、小檗碱组(小檗碱40mg/kg·d-1)、受试物组(溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱40mg/kg·d-1)以及阳性药组(沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠26mg/kg·d-1)。
3.2心肌梗死模型建立
通过结扎小鼠冠状动脉左前降支建立小鼠心肌缺血模型。健康的雄性C57BL/6小鼠(28±2g)用阿弗汀(0.2g/kg)腹腔注射进行麻醉,将已麻醉的小鼠仰卧位固定于鼠操作台上,气管插管连接呼吸机。于左胸部皮肤做左上到右下斜切口,约0.5~1.0cm,分离胸小肌及前锯肌,于第4~5肋间钝性分离肋间肌,轻轻推挤出心脏,在左冠状动脉前降支距左心耳下缘1~2mm处穿一根7/0结扎线,进行冠状动脉结扎,结扎后可见心尖处颜色出现苍白,心电图中可见明显的S-T段抬高。
3.3给药及造模期
除假手术组外,其余鼠进行冠脉结扎造模,结扎24小时后,随机分为4组,即心肌梗死模型组、小檗碱组、溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱组和阳性药组,通过灌胃(如表1所示)给予小鼠空白溶剂、小檗碱、溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱以及阳性药沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠,连续14天后进行超声,检测各组小鼠心脏功能。
表1.各组动物给药及饮食情况
3.4观察期
实验过程中进行一般生命体征观察。
3.5主要检测指标
灌胃2周后超声测定心脏功能。
4.实验数据与结果
4.1数据处理
实验数据采用均值±标准误表示,多组间比较采用One-way ANOVA法统计,两组间比较采用T检验;P<0.05表示有显著差异。实验结果均采用Graphpad Prism 8.0进行统计。
4.2实验结果
利用冠状动脉左前降支结扎术建立小鼠心肌梗死模型,结果如图6所示(数据以均值±标准差表示,***P<0.001vs假手术组,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs心肌梗死组。假手术组,n=5;心肌梗死组,n=5;溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱组(40mg/kg),n=5;小檗碱组(40mg/kg),n=5)。小鼠冠状动脉左前降支结扎2周后,心肌梗死组与假手术组小鼠相比射血分数(EF)与短轴缩短率(FS)明显降低(***P<0.001vs假手术组),而溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱组与心肌梗死模型组比则明显升高(##P<0.01vs心肌梗死组),具有显著的统计学差异,该作用优于小檗碱(&P<0.05vs小檗碱组)。表明溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱具有减轻小鼠心肌缺血损伤的所用,且效果优于小檗碱。
实施例4:本发明化合物的功效性试验2
本实施例为溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱对乳鼠原代心肌细胞H2O2损伤保护作用。
1、实验材料
实验细胞:原代乳鼠心肌细胞
受试物:溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱(化合物1,实施例1制备),对照化合物:小檗碱。
2、实验原理
2.1 SOD检测原理
超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase SOD)能催化超氧化物阴离子发生歧化作用,生成过氧化氢和氧气,是生物体内一种重要的抗氧化酶。对机体的氧化与抗氧化平衡起着至关重要的作用。此酶能清除超氧阴离子自由基,保护细胞免受损伤,本试验采用WST-1法测定SOD活力。
2.2 ATP检测原理
使用试剂盒根据萤火虫萤光素酶(firefly luciferase,也称荧光素酶)催化萤光素产生萤光时需要ATP提供能量研制而成。当萤火虫萤光素酶和萤光素都过量时,在一定的浓度范围内萤光的产生和ATP的浓度成正比。即可以高灵敏地检测溶液中的ATP浓度。
3、实验方法
3.1乳鼠原代心肌细胞培养
取乳鼠(出生3天内)酒精消毒后,剪刀一次性剪开左胸部皮肤和骨头,挤出心脏,弯镊将心脏取出,放入预冷的无FBS的DMEM培养基中。去除心脏表面血管、残留积血和附着的肺部组织,将心脏组织剪成大小均一的碎块。将心脏碎块吸入15ml的离心管中,弃上清,PBS清洗组织2-3次。加入与心脏组织等体积的胰酶消化液,振荡离心管加快消化,待消化液变至微浊,将消化液转移至DMEM培养基中终止消化。待所有心脏组织消化完成后用滤网过滤,离心,1500转/分,5分钟。弃上清留底部细胞沉淀,取含有10%FBS的DMEM培养基于离心管中,吹匀细胞并移至瓶中,37℃,5%CO2的孵箱培养1.5-2小时后,差速,吸出悬浮的心肌细胞,重新铺6孔板,继续培养48小时后,状态良好情况下用于后续实验。
3.2给药及检测
将乳鼠原代心肌细胞消化后重悬到合适浓度于6孔板中培养,每孔2mL。继续培养48小时后,状态良好情况下进行换液加药,用H2O2(100μM)诱导细胞损伤12小时模拟心肌细胞缺血损伤。加入终浓度为1、2.5、5μM的溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱,以5μM的小檗碱为对照,且以每个浓度4个复孔培养24小时。收集乳鼠原代心肌细胞,PBS洗涤,使用胰蛋白酶消化,最后收集在PBS缓冲液中。4℃,1000转/分,离心10分钟,弃上清。参照SOD,ATP检测试剂盒说明书测定细胞中SOD水平和ATP含量。实验重复3次。
4实验数据与结果
4.1数据处理
实验数据采用均值±标准误差表示,采用One-wayANOVA分析各组细胞SOD,ATP的含量;P<0.05表示有显著差异。实验结果均采用Graphpad Prism 8.0进行统计及作图。
4.2实验结果
(1)乳鼠原代心肌细胞中SOD含量变化
与模型组组相比,溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱组(1、2.5、5μM)使乳鼠原代心肌细胞中SOD含量升高(#P<0.05,###P<0.001),心肌细胞中SOD含量的升幅最大为43.4%,明显优于同浓度下小檗碱的作用(&P<0.05)。实验结果见图7(图中柱形图从左到右分别对应1.0μM、2.5μM、5.0μM)。
(2)乳鼠原代心肌细胞中ATP含量变化
与模型组组相比,溴化9-O-噻唑甲酸丙酯小檗碱组(1、2.5、5μM)使乳鼠原代心肌细胞中ATP含量升高(##P<0.01,###P<0.001),心肌细胞中ATP含量的升幅最大为59.1%,明显优于同浓度下小檗碱的作用(&&P<0.01)。实验结果见图8。
需说明的是,图7-8中*表示与Control组比较的相对值,***表示P<0.001,#表示与模型组比较的相对值,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01,###表示P<0.001,&表示与横线两端比较的相对值,&表示P<0.05,&&表示P<0.01。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物:
其中,
X1、X2、X3独立地选自-O-、-NH-;
R1、R2独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基,或者R1与R2一起形成-CH2-、-CH2CH2-;
R3选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-COR、-COOR、-CONRR'、-S(O)nR、-P(O)(OR4)2、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R、R'独立地选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C3-10环烷基、-C6-14芳基、-(5-14)元杂芳基、-(5-10)元杂环基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-14)元杂芳基;
R4选自氢、-C1-6烷基、-C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、铵基、金属离子;
L选自C1-10的亚烷基;
Het选自-(5-14)元杂芳基;
n选自1或2;
M-表示阴离子;
上述的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基,单独的或者作为任一基团的一部分,可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,其特征在于,X1-X3均选自-O-。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,其特征在于,R1与R2一起形成-CH2-、-CH2CH2-;R3选自-C1-4烷基、-C3-7环烷基、-C6-10芳基、-(5-6)元杂芳基、-C1-2烷基C6-10芳基、-C1-2烷基-(5-6)元杂芳基,上述的烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基,单独的或者作为任一基团的一部分,可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,其特征在于,L选自-(CHRL)m-,其中RL选自氢、-C1-4烷基,m选自1、2、3、4、5或6。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,其特征在于,Het选自-(5-10)元杂芳基,其可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、-C1-4烷基、-C1-4卤代烷基、-O-C1-4烷基、-O-C1-4卤代烷基、-NH-C1-4烷基、-COO-C1-4烷基或-CO-C1-4烷基的基团取代;优选的,Het选自吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吡喃基、吲哚基、异吲哚啉基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基,其可选地被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、三氟甲氧基、甲氨基、乙氨基、-COOMe、-COOEt、-COMe、-COEt的基团取代。
7.一种药物组合物,其包括根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,以及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
8.一种组合药物,其包含根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的式I的小檗碱衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物,以及对于心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死有帮助的其他药物。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的式I的小檗碱衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、多晶型、溶剂化物、水合物在制备心脏保护、抗心肌缺血、治疗心肌梗死的药物中的应用。
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