CN114161991A - Electric motor car safety monitoring and early warning system and electric motor car - Google Patents
Electric motor car safety monitoring and early warning system and electric motor car Download PDFInfo
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- CN114161991A CN114161991A CN202111491262.9A CN202111491262A CN114161991A CN 114161991 A CN114161991 A CN 114161991A CN 202111491262 A CN202111491262 A CN 202111491262A CN 114161991 A CN114161991 A CN 114161991A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J3/00—Acoustic signal devices; Arrangement of such devices on cycles
- B62J3/10—Electrical devices
- B62J3/12—Buzzers; Horns with electrically driven airflow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/46—Vehicles with auxiliary ad-on propulsions, e.g. add-on electric motor kits for bicycles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system and an electric vehicle, wherein the system comprises: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, wherein the safety monitoring data comprises the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, operating condition data and environment data; the control and communication unit is used for acquiring safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceed a preset safety limit condition, and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt; the power supply unit comprises an electric vehicle power battery and a standby battery; when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power supply switching unit switches the power battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit switches the standby battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit. The safety and the stability of the electric vehicle are improved, and the accuracy of judging and predicting the safety state of the electric vehicle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system and an electric vehicle.
Background
The two-wheeled electric vehicle has the advantages of easy operation, large carrying capacity, high speed, long stroke, no traffic jam, availability at any time, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, thereby being particularly suitable for being used as a vehicle for commuting and short-distance traveling.
However, the two-wheeled electric vehicle has frequent fire accidents, hundreds of accidents occur every year and the accidents tend to increase year by year, and the fire-fighting accidents threaten the life and property safety of the majority of consumers. In the new national standard requirements of the two-wheeled electric vehicle, 42 technical terms are shared in terms of product safety, wherein the 7 traffic safety terms, the 11 fireproof safety terms, the 21 use safety terms and the 3 property safety terms are related, so that the product quality is ensured to the maximum extent, traffic accidents are prevented, fire disasters are prevented, safety accidents caused by faults of the vehicle are prevented, and the vehicle is prevented from being stolen; the requirements on the safety and the stability of the product are higher and higher while the requirements on the new national standard technology are met. At present, when a whole electric control system of an electric vehicle is not started (temporarily stopped or charged), the system is paralyzed due to fault, or alarm information cannot be pushed to a user in special states such as sudden battery short circuit and fire, whole vehicle line short circuit and fire and the like; in addition, the safety of the electric vehicle is judged by only collecting BMS data at present, the operation condition and the environment of the electric vehicle are not judged in a combined mode, and the accuracy of judgment and prediction of the safety state of the electric vehicle is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system and an electric vehicle, which are used for improving the accuracy of judgment and prediction of the safety state of the electric vehicle and ensuring the safety and stability of the electric vehicle while realizing the safety monitoring and early warning of the electric vehicle.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system, including:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, and the safety monitoring data comprises at least one of the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, the operating condition data and the environmental data;
the control and communication unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for acquiring the safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceeds a preset safety limit condition and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt;
the power supply unit is connected with the control and communication unit through the power supply switching unit; the power supply unit comprises a power battery and a standby battery of the electric vehicle; when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power supply switching unit switches the power battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; and when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit switches the standby battery to supply power to the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit.
Optionally, the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system further includes:
and the vehicle network data analysis platform unit is used for acquiring the safety monitoring data sent by the control and communication unit, extracting data characteristics according to the safety monitoring data and constructing a vehicle risk early warning model.
Optionally, the power supply unit further includes:
the first charging circuit is used for charging the power battery; the first charging circuit is in communication connection with the control and communication unit, and the control and communication unit is further used for controlling the first charging circuit to stop charging the power battery when the power battery is abnormal;
and the second charging circuit is used for charging the standby battery through the power battery.
Optionally, the power switching unit includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a transistor, an anode of the first diode and an anode of the second diode are connected to the voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, a cathode of the first diode and a cathode of the second diode are both electrically connected to the first end of the transistor, the second end of the transistor is connected to the backup battery, a control end of the transistor is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, the second end of the second resistor is grounded, and the capacitor is connected in parallel to both ends of the second resistor; and the common connecting end of the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the first end of the transistor is the power supply output end after the power supply switching unit switches the power supply.
Optionally, the data acquisition unit:
the temperature acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, the temperature of an electric vehicle controller and the temperature of an electric vehicle body.
Optionally, the temperature acquisition circuit includes a plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of temperature sensors are connected to the control and communication unit through a data line.
Optionally, the data acquisition unit further includes:
the smoke sensor detection circuit comprises an infrared light generator, an infrared light receiver and a buzzer; the smoke sensor detection circuit is used for generating a smoke warning instruction to control the buzzer to give an alarm when the smoke concentration between the infrared light receiver and the infrared light generator exceeds a preset concentration.
Optionally, the data acquisition unit further includes:
the system comprises an air pressure sensor and a GPS, wherein the air pressure sensor is used for detecting air pressure data of the environment where the electric vehicle is located, and the GPS is used for determining geographical position information of the environment of the electric vehicle; wherein the geographic location information comprises a geographic location and an altitude.
Optionally, the control and communication unit is further connected to a gyroscope of the electric vehicle, and the control and communication unit is further configured to determine, according to gyroscope data of the gyroscope, uphill and downhill angle data and road condition information data in the operation condition data of the electric vehicle;
the control and communication unit is also used for reminding a user of decelerating and driving when the electric vehicle is determined to be in a long-time high-power climbing and riding state according to the temperature of the power battery and the operating condition data and when an electric system is in an overheat state, and controlling the motor controller to reduce the output power of the motor;
the control and communication unit includes a 4G-IOT locator.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle, including any one of the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning systems in the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system and an electric vehicle, wherein the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system comprises: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, wherein the safety monitoring data comprises at least one of the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, the operating condition data and the environmental data; the control and communication unit is connected with the safety data monitoring unit and used for acquiring safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceed a preset safety limit condition and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt; the power supply unit is connected with the control and communication unit through the power supply switching unit; the power supply unit comprises a power battery and a standby battery of the electric vehicle; when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power supply switching unit switches the power battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit switches the standby battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the power supply switching unit, when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power battery is switched to supply power to the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; and when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the standby battery is switched to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit. When the power battery cannot work and the whole electric control system of the electric vehicle is not started, the safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle can be still acquired through the data acquisition unit, alarm prompt information is formed through the control and communication unit when the safety monitoring data exceed a preset safety limit condition and is sent to an external terminal for alarm prompt, and the safety and the stability of the electric vehicle are guaranteed; in addition, the data acquisition unit acquires the safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, such as the power battery temperature, the operating condition data and the environmental data of the electric vehicle, and enriches the monitoring data, thereby improving the accuracy of the safety state judgment and prediction of the electric vehicle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power switching unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a whole vehicle temperature first-line acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a smoke sensor detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a detection circuit of an air pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system includes:
the data acquisition unit 10 is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, wherein the safety monitoring data comprises at least one of the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, the operating condition data and the environmental data;
the control and communication unit 20 is connected with the data acquisition unit 10, the control and communication unit 20 is used for acquiring safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceed a preset safety limit condition, and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt;
a power supply unit 30 and a power supply switching unit 40, the power supply unit 30 being connected to the control and communication unit 20 through the power supply switching unit 40; the power supply unit 30 includes an electric vehicle power battery 31 and a backup battery 32; when the power battery 31 of the electric vehicle is normal, the power switching unit 40 switches the power battery 31 to supply power for the data acquisition unit 10 and the control and communication unit 20; when the power battery 31 is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit 40 switches the backup battery 32 to supply power to the data acquisition unit 10 and the control and communication unit 20.
Specifically, the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system comprises a data acquisition unit 10, a control and communication unit 20, a power supply unit 30 and a power supply switching unit 40. The data acquisition unit 10 is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, wherein the safety monitoring data comprises at least one of power battery temperature, operation condition data and environment data of the electric vehicle. For example, for the collection of the power battery temperature, the data collection unit 10 may include a temperature sensor 111 disposed on the housing of the power battery 31 for collecting the temperature outside the power battery 31; the 485 communication circuit 15 may also be included, and the control and communication unit 20 obtains the temperature of the internal battery core of the power battery 31 through the 485 protocol. For the collection of the operation condition data, the data collection unit 10 may include a temperature sensor 111, which is disposed outside the electric vehicle controller 31 and is configured to collect the temperature outside the electric vehicle controller 31; the control and communication unit 20 may also obtain the internal temperature of the electric vehicle controller 31 through the 485 communication circuit 15, so as to obtain the operating temperature of the electric vehicle controller 31; the gyroscope can be included to collect the up-down slope angle of the electric vehicle in real time, so that road condition information such as the jolt degree of the road condition where the electric vehicle is transported can be acquired. For the collection of the environment data, the data collection unit 10 may include an air pressure sensor 13 and a GPS (14), so as to determine the altitude, the geographical position, the air pressure, and other information of the environment where the electric vehicle is located. The safety monitoring data may also include motor and motor controller operating status information, power information of the power battery 31 acquired through a battery management system, current information, battery status information (discharging, charging, protecting), and the like.
The control and communication unit 20 is connected with the safety data monitoring unit, and the control and communication unit 20 is used for acquiring safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceeds a preset safety limit condition, and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt. The control and communication unit 20 may include a 4G-IOT locator that transmits alarm alert information to external terminals over a 4G network. The external terminal can comprise a computer, a tablet, a mobile phone and the like. For example, when the power battery 31 is charged and the temperature of the power battery obtained by the temperature sensor 111 exceeds 80 degrees, the 4G-IOT locator reports an overheat warning and pushes warning state information to the APP end of the mobile phone of the user. When the temperature exceeds 90 ℃, the 4G-IOT locator reports a quasi spontaneous combustion early warning, and the APP end of the user mobile phone displays that the power battery 31 of the electric vehicle has a spontaneous combustion risk. The temperature exceeds 100 degrees, 110 degrees and 125 degrees in sequence, the 4G-IOT locator reports spontaneous combustion warning, and vehicle positioning information, altitude information, air pressure information and the like are reported through a 4G network.
The power supply unit 30 includes an electric vehicle power battery 31 and a backup battery 32; the power supply unit 30 is connected with the control and communication unit 20 through the power switching unit 40; when the power battery 31 of the electric vehicle is normal, the power switching unit 40 switches the power battery 31 to supply power for the data acquisition unit 10 and the control and communication unit 20; when the power battery 31 is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit 40 switches the backup battery 32 to supply power to the data acquisition unit 10 and the control and communication unit 20. The power battery 31 of the whole vehicle is a high-voltage battery, and the standby small battery is used for supplying power under low voltage, for example, the voltage range of the power battery 31 can include 48V-72V, and the voltage range of the standby battery 32 is 3.7V. When the power battery 31 of the whole vehicle is short-circuited and cannot supply power, the power supply switching unit 40 automatically cuts off the power supply circuit of the power battery 31 and starts the small standby battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit 10 and the control and communication unit 20.
It should be noted that, when the backup battery 32 is used to supply power, since the voltage of the backup battery 32 cannot support the operations of the electric vehicle controller, the battery management system, and the like, some devices in the data acquisition unit 10 cannot continue to acquire data, for example, the control and communication unit 20 cannot acquire the temperature of the electric core inside the power battery 31 through the 485 protocol, and acquire the temperature inside the electric vehicle controller; the energy information, current information, battery state information (discharging, charging, protecting) and the like of the power battery 31 in the battery management system cannot be acquired through the KLINE protocol. The altitude, the geographical position and the air pressure information of the environment where the electric vehicle is located, the road condition information such as the bumpiness degree of the road condition where the electric vehicle is transported, the data such as the temperature of the power battery, the data of the external temperature of the controller and the like can still be continuously obtained by the power supply of the standby battery 32. When the power battery 31 cannot work and the whole electric control system is not started, the safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle can be still acquired, alarm prompt information is formed when the safety monitoring data exceed preset safety limiting conditions through the control and communication unit 20, and the alarm prompt information is sent to an external terminal to perform alarm prompt, so that the safety and the stability of the electric vehicle are guaranteed.
According to the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the power supply switching unit, when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power battery is switched to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; and when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the standby battery is switched to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit. When the power battery cannot work and the whole electric control system of the electric vehicle is not started, the safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle can be still acquired through the data acquisition unit, alarm prompt information is formed through the control and communication unit when the safety monitoring data exceed a preset safety limit condition and is sent to an external terminal for alarm prompt, and the safety and the stability of the electric vehicle are guaranteed; in addition, the data acquisition unit acquires the safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, such as the power battery temperature, the operating condition data and the environmental data of the electric vehicle, and enriches the monitoring data, thereby improving the accuracy of the safety state judgment and prediction of the electric vehicle.
Optionally, the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system further comprises:
and the vehicle network data analysis platform unit is used for acquiring the safety monitoring data sent by the control and communication unit 20, extracting data characteristics according to the safety monitoring data and constructing a vehicle risk early warning model.
Specifically, effective safety monitoring data such as a battery internal temperature curve, voltage, battery external temperature, vehicle body temperature, vehicle speed, altitude, geographical position, road condition information, motor and controller running state information are collected regularly through the control and communication unit 20, and are uploaded to the internet of vehicles data analysis platform unit through the 4G network, and the internet of vehicles data analysis platform unit extracts models and features through data analysis and calculation of uploading, and provides vehicle risk early warning service for users. The data can be uploaded to the cloud platform when the electric vehicle is not in use, so that the data can be prevented from being transmitted and received with the control and communication unit 20 at the same time, and the workload of the control and communication unit 20 is reduced. In addition, the control and communication unit 20 may also locally store the acquired security monitoring data through the SD card.
Optionally, the power switching unit includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a transistor, an anode of the first diode and an anode of the second diode are connected to the voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, a cathode of the first diode and a cathode of the second diode are both electrically connected to a first end of the transistor, a second end of the transistor is connected to the backup battery, a control end of the transistor is connected to a second end of the first resistor and a first end of the second resistor, a first end of the first resistor is connected to the voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, a second end of the second resistor is grounded, and the capacitor is connected in parallel to two ends of the second resistor; and the common connecting end of the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the first end of the transistor is the power supply output end after the power supply switching unit switches the power supply.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power switching unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, a diode D8 represents the first diode, a diode D9 represents the second diode, a diode D10 represents the third diode, a capacitor C32 represents the capacitor, a resistor R35 represents the first resistor, and a resistor R36 represents the second resistor. The MOS transistor Q5 represents the above transistor. The principle of the working mechanism of the power switching unit 40 for switching the two power supplies is as follows: the dual power supplies refer to external power supply (voltage provided by the power battery 31 and converted by the voltage conversion circuit 33) and power supply of the built-in lithium battery (standby battery 32) of the system. The converted voltage is exemplarily shown as direct current 5V in fig. 2, and may be other voltage values, which are not limited herein. The external DC5V supply is output directly through diode D8 and diode D9. The voltage (BAT) of the lithium battery is output through a MOS transistor Q5 and a diode D10. When external 5V power supply exists, the 5V voltage controls the grid electrode of the MOS transistor Q5 through the resistor R35, the resistor R36 and the capacitor C32, so that the MOS transistor Q5 is in a cut-off state, and the lithium battery cannot provide power output for the system at this time. That is, when the external power DC5V cannot supply power, the clamping voltage at the gate of the control MOS transistor Q5 disappears, the MOS transistor Q5 is turned on, and the system power is switched from the external power DC5V to the voltage (BAT) of the lithium battery. When the external power DC5V is switched on, the clamping voltage of the grid electrode of the control MOS tube Q5 appears, the MOS tube Q5 is cut off, and the system power supply is switched from the voltage (BAT) of the lithium battery to the external power DC 5V.
The voltage conversion circuit 35 is a buck circuit (voltage-reducing conversion circuit), and its main function is to convert the power of the power battery 31 into the power voltage required by the system. Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the voltage conversion circuit includes a protection circuit and a voltage reduction circuit. The protection circuit is composed of a diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a capacitor C11 and a capacitor C19. The diode D4 and the diode D5 function as reverse connection prevention, when the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery 31 are connected reversely, the whole circuit is not conducted due to the characteristics of the diodes, and no current flows in the whole circuit at the moment, so that the protection effect is achieved. Diode D6 is the high power surge pipe, and its effect is surge protection, and at the electric motor car power-on in the twinkling of an eye, because each part load capacitance problem, the surge current that produces in the twinkling of an eye of power on the power pencil can reach tens of amperes, and is higher even, and the surge reaches diode D6 position, can be absorbed in the twinkling of an eye, avoids the damage of back level circuit surge. The capacitor C11 and the capacitor C19 are filter capacitors for absorbing spike voltages. The capacitors C13-C18 are filter capacitors at the output end of the switching power supply, smooth the output voltage and reduce ripples.
The voltage reduction circuit comprises a capacitor C20, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C22, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a transistor Q4, a switching power supply chip U2, a capacitor C23, an inductor L1, a diode D7, a capacitor C24, a resistor R26, a resistor R27, a resistor R28, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C16, a capacitor C17 and a capacitor C18. The capacitor C20, the capacitor C21, and the capacitor C22 are filter capacitors at the input end of the switching power supply, and play a role in smoothing input voltage and reducing ripple. The resistor R24, the resistor R25 and the transistor Q4 are used for controlling the input of an enabling signal of the switching power supply chip U2, and the transistor Q4 is connected with a port DC-EN of the 4G-IOT positioner. The switching power supply chip U2 and the diode D7 jointly control the energy storage and release processes of the inductor L1, so that the purpose of voltage reduction is achieved. The capacitor C24, the resistor R26, the resistor R27, the resistor R28 and the capacitor C13 jointly form a voltage feedback circuit, and the purpose of stabilizing output voltage is achieved.
Optionally, with continuing reference to fig. 1, the power supply unit 30 further includes:
a first charging circuit (not shown in fig. 1) for charging the power battery 31; the first charging circuit is in communication connection with the control and communication unit 20, and the control and communication unit 20 is further used for controlling the first charging circuit to stop charging the power battery 31 when the power battery 31 is abnormal;
a second charging circuit 34, the second charging circuit 34 is used for charging the backup battery 32 through the power battery 31.
Illustratively, the control and communication unit 20 includes a 4G-IOT locator, and when the temperature exceeds 80 degrees during charging of the power battery 31, the 4G-IOT locator sends a local command to the charger (first charging circuit) to control the charger to turn off charging, and the 4G-IOT locator reports the overheating warning and pushes the warning state information to the APP end of the mobile phone of the user. When the power battery 31 is charged and the battery temperature curve changes abnormally, the 4G-IOT locator sends a local instruction to the charger to control the charger to close charging, and the 4G-IOT locator reports the temperature curve abnormality early warning and pushes early warning state information to the APP end of the mobile phone of the user.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4 and in conjunction with fig. 1, the second charging circuit 34 includes a charging circuit and a charging completion reminding circuit, and includes a resistor R32, a resistor R29, a resistor R30, a resistor R31, a capacitor C25, a capacitor C26, a capacitor C12, a charging chip U9, and a built-in battery interface J1. Pins 1 and 2 of the battery interface J1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the standby battery, and pins 3 and 4 of the battery interface J1 are grounded. The resistor R31 is connected with the 2 pins of the charging chip U9, and the resistance value of the resistor R31 can adjust the charging capacity of the charging chip. The voltage provided by the power battery 31 and converted by the voltage conversion circuit 33 is divided by the resistor R32, the resistor R29 and the resistor R30 and then sequentially provided to the pin 4 and the pin 1 of the charging chip U9. The 8 pins and the 4 pins of the charging chip U9 are connected, and the 3 pins and the 9 pins are grounded. The charging chip U9 embeds has lithium cell voltage detection circuit, and when lithium cell voltage was less than the start-up threshold value, the automatic start function of charging, through 5 foot output charging voltage for lithium cell charging. When the voltage of the lithium battery reaches a preset voltage value, for example, 4.25V, the charging chip U9 turns off the power supply function, and simultaneously outputs a charging completion signal to the port CHG-INT of the 4G-IOT locator through the 6 pins, the resistors R33, R34 and the capacitor C27 so as to inform the complete charging of the entire vehicle system.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the data acquisition unit 10 includes a temperature acquisition circuit 11, where the temperature acquisition circuit 11 is configured to acquire a power battery temperature, an electric vehicle controller temperature, and an electric vehicle body temperature of the electric vehicle; the temperature acquisition circuit 11 comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 111, and the plurality of temperature sensors 111 are connected with the control and communication unit 20 through a data line.
Specifically, the temperature sensor 111 may be disposed outside the power battery 31 of the electric vehicle, outside the electric vehicle controller 50, and on the electric vehicle body; the control and communication unit 20 is configured to acquire external temperature data of the power battery 31 through a temperature sensor 111 disposed outside the power battery 31, acquire external temperature data of the electric vehicle controller through a temperature sensor 111 disposed outside the electric vehicle controller 50, and acquire external temperature data of the vehicle body through a temperature sensor 111 disposed on the vehicle body. Acquiring the temperature of the outer shell of the battery of the electric vehicle by adopting an ONE-WIRE communication protocol; acquiring the external temperature of the battery cell of the electric vehicle by adopting an ONE-WIRE communication protocol; acquiring the external temperature of the electric vehicle controller by adopting an ONE-WIRE communication protocol; the temperature of the electric vehicle body is collected by adopting an ONE-WIRE communication protocol. The ONE-line multipoint temperature detection is realized by utilizing an ONE-WIRE communication protocol, the temperature acquisition circuit 11 is a finished automobile temperature ONE-line acquisition circuit and can receive power supply of a power battery or a standby battery, the number of the temperature sensors 111 can be increased on a simple WIRE harness according to requirements, and each part to be detected can be provided with a plurality of temperature sensors 111.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a whole vehicle temperature one-line acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 5, the whole vehicle temperature one-line acquisition circuit includes a signal voltage conversion circuit, a multi-path temperature acquisition chip (U4/U5/U6), and a signal line overvoltage protection circuit. The signal voltage conversion circuit is composed of a resistor R51, a resistor R52, a resistor R57 and a MOS tube Q8 and is used for converting an externally transmitted power supply signal (5V signal) into a system voltage signal (voltage signal of the 4G-IOT positioner), the MOS tube Q8 is an N-type transistor, when a high-level signal is input to a control end of the MOS tube Q8, the MOS tube Q8 is conducted, the externally transmitted power supply signal (5V signal) can be converted into the system voltage signal and transmitted to a port TEMP-TEST of the 4G-IOT positioner, and therefore the collected temperature data can be transmitted to the 4G-IOT positioner. The power supply signal (V-EXT) input at one end of the resistor R51 and the power supply signal (5V signal) input at one end of the resistor R57 are both provided by the power supply of the power supply unit 30 after power conversion. A temperature acquisition chip U4, a temperature acquisition chip U5, a temperature acquisition chip U6 and other multi-channel parallel chips form a multi-channel temperature acquisition chip circuit which is distributed at each temperature monitoring node of the whole vehicle and transmits temperature information detected by each node in real time, and one temperature acquisition chip is a temperature sensor 111. The signal line overvoltage protection circuit is composed of a resistor R53, a resistor R54, a resistor R55, a diode D12, a diode D13 and a MOS transistor Q9. The MOS transistor Q9 is an N-type transistor, when an external line of acquisition data line receives a voltage higher than the set threshold voltage of the conduction of the MOS transistor Q9, the switch MOS transistor Q9 is conducted, and the grid voltage of the MOS transistor Q8 is pulled down. The MOS pipe Q8 is disconnected, and the high-voltage signal on the external line acquisition data line can not be transmitted to the port TEMP-TEST of the 4G-IOT positioner, so that the high-voltage signal is blocked outside the system, and the effect of protecting the system port can be achieved.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the data acquisition unit 10 further includes:
the smoke sensor detection circuit 12, the smoke sensor detection circuit 12 includes infrared light generator LED2, infrared light receiver LD1 and buzzer BZ 1; the smoke sensor detection circuit 12 is used for generating a smoke warning instruction to control the buzzer BZ1 to alarm when the smoke concentration between the infrared light receiver LD1 and the infrared light generator LED2 exceeds a preset concentration.
Specifically, fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a smoke sensor detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 6, in combination with fig. 1, the smoke sensor detection circuit 12 may include a gain adjustment circuit, an infrared detection circuit, an oscillation adjustment circuit, a low-power prompt circuit, a buzzer alarm circuit, a power-on self-test circuit, and the like. When the smoke sensor detects a preset smoke concentration value of a smoke value, the smoke sensor detection circuit 12 continuously sends out an emergency alarm through a buzzer; and simultaneously, the 4G-IOT locator reports spontaneous combustion warning, and reports vehicle positioning information, altitude information, air pressure information and the like through a 4G network.
The input power of the gain adjusting circuit (the power is obtained by converting the power supplied by the power supply unit 30, and the exemplary power input to the smoke sensor detection circuit is VD _9V in fig. 6) is supplied to the resistor R37, the resistor R38, and the resistor R39 which are connected in series. The resistor R38 is a slide rheostat, the voltage value provided to the capacitor C29 and the capacitor C30 can be adjusted through an external knob, the voltage is fed back to 1 pin of the smoke alarm module U3 through the capacitor C29, 2 pins fed back to the smoke alarm module U3 through the capacitor C30 and the resistor R40 are used as reference voltage, the reference voltage can achieve the purpose of changing the gain of an internal amplifier of the smoke alarm module U3, the voltage value of the infrared light receiver LD1 which can be conducted is adjusted, and the effect of adjusting the sensitivity of the smoke alarm is achieved.
The infrared detection circuit consists of an infrared light generator LED2, an infrared receiver LD1, a triode Q6, a resistor R42, a resistor R43 and a capacitor C31. The 6 feet of the smoke alarm module U3 control the on-off of the triode Q6, and further control the on-off of the infrared light generator LED 2. When the transistor Q6 is turned on, the infrared light generator LED2 emits light. The infrared receiver LD1 can adjust the self-conducting state by sensing the brightness of the LED2, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the height change of the 3-pin voltage signal of the smoke alarm module U3. When the smoke concentration between the external receiver LD1 and the infrared light generator LED5 reaches a fixed threshold, the infrared receiver LD1 senses that the brightness of the LED2 is weak, so that the infrared receiver LD1 is disconnected, the voltage signal of the 3 feet becomes low, and the alarm function is triggered.
The buzzing alarm circuit consists of a resistor R47, a resistor R50, a capacitor C35 and a buzzer BZ1, and after the smoke alarm module U3 triggers an alarm function, an internal alarm mechanism is started to control the electric potentials of an 8 pin, a 9 pin and a 10 pin of the smoke alarm module U3 so as to drive the buzzer BZ1 in the buzzing alarm circuit to sound. Meanwhile, the 7 pin of the smoke alarm module U3 outputs alarm data to the SM-IO port of the 4G-IOT locator.
The oscillation adjusting circuit is composed of a resistor R44, a resistor R45 and a capacitor C34, wherein the first end of the resistor R44 is connected with a pin 13 of the smoke alarm module U3, the second end of the resistor R44 is connected with a 12-degree corner of the smoke alarm module U3, the first end of the resistor R45 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C34, and the second end of the resistor R45 is connected with the second end of the capacitor C34 and the anode of the light emitting diode LED 1. The cathode of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected to the 11 pin of the smoke alarm module U3 through a resistor R46, and is connected to an external input power source terminal through a resistor R48 and a resistor R49 in sequence. The working frequency of the internal oscillator of the smoke alarm module U3 can be adjusted by modifying the values of the resistor R45 and the capacitor C34.
The low-power prompt circuit is composed of a resistor R48, a resistor R49 and a resistor R50. The power VD _9V input by an external input power supply end is divided into a voltage through resistors R48, R49 and R50 and then the voltage is input to a pin 15 of the smoke alarm module U3, and the voltage is compared by a voltage comparator in the smoke alarm module U3, when the voltage input by the pin 15 is too low, the smoke alarm module U3 controls the potential of the anode of the light-emitting diode LED1 to be higher than the potential of the cathode of the LED1, so that the light-emitting diode LED1 emits light, and the effect of low-voltage prompt is achieved.
The power-on self-test circuit consists of a triode Q7 and a capacitor C33. A first terminal of the transistor Q7 is connected to an external input power supply terminal, a second terminal of the transistor Q7 is connected to the 16-pin of the smoke alarm module U3, and a control terminal (base) of the transistor Q7 is connected to the capacitor C33 and the TE terminal of the 4G-IOT positioner. When the smoke alarm function is started, the power-on self-test circuit starts the self-test function of the smoke alarm, the triode Q7 is started by starting the base high level of the triode Q7, after the 16 pins of the smoke alarm module U3 detect potential change, the smoke alarm module U3 starts the simulation alarm function, meanwhile, the 7 pins of the smoke alarm module U3 output alarm signals, and the whole vehicle system judges whether the smoke alarm is normally started or not through the read output alarm signals.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the data acquisition unit 10 further includes:
the system comprises an air pressure sensor 13 and a GPS (14), wherein the air pressure sensor 13 is used for detecting air pressure data of the environment where the electric vehicle is located, and the GPS (14) is used for determining geographical position information of the environment of the electric vehicle; wherein the geographical location information includes a geographical location and an altitude.
Specifically, fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a detection circuit of an air pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 7, with reference to fig. 1, the detection circuit of the air pressure sensor includes: the device comprises an air pressure sensor power supply part, an air pressure sensor part and a signal interface part. The air pressure sensor U8 generates 3V power supply through the power supply chip U7. Wherein, the 1 pin of the power supply chip U7 inputs the power signal provided by the power supply unit, the 2 pin of the power supply chip U7 is grounded, the 3 pin of the power supply chip U7 outputs the working voltage of the baroceptor U8, and the working voltage is provided to the baroceptor U8 through the 3 pin and the 4 pin of the baroceptor U8. The air pressure sensor U8 transmits an air pressure sensing value conversion value I2C signal to the whole vehicle system through an I2C interface circuit J2. The 8 feet of the air pressure sensor U8 are connected with the 4 feet of the I2C interface circuit J2, the 7 feet of the air pressure sensor U8 are connected with the 2 feet of the I2C interface circuit J2, the 6 feet of the air pressure sensor U8 are connected with the 3 feet of the I2C interface circuit J2, and the 2 feet of the air pressure sensor U8 are connected with the 5 feet of the I2C interface circuit J2.
Optionally, the control and communication unit 20 is further connected to a gyroscope of the electric vehicle, and the control and communication unit 20 is further configured to determine, according to gyroscope data of the gyroscope, up-down slope angle data and road condition information data in the operation condition data of the electric vehicle;
the control and communication unit 20 is further configured to prompt a user to decelerate and control the motor controller to reduce the output power of the motor when it is determined that the electric vehicle is in a long-time high-power climbing and riding state according to the temperature of the power battery 31 and the operating condition data and when the electric system is in an overheat state.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle including the electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system according to any of the embodiments described above. In which a temperature sensor 111, a smoke alarm 120 integrated with a smoke alarm detection circuit and a GPS are exemplarily depicted in fig. 8. Have the same technical effect and are not described in detail herein.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electric motor car safety monitoring and early warning system which characterized in that includes:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring safety monitoring data of the electric vehicle, and the safety monitoring data comprises at least one of the temperature of a power battery of the electric vehicle, the operating condition data and the environmental data;
the control and communication unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for acquiring the safety monitoring data, forming alarm prompt information when the safety monitoring data exceeds a preset safety limit condition and sending the alarm prompt information to an external terminal for alarm prompt;
the power supply unit is connected with the control and communication unit through the power supply switching unit; the power supply unit comprises a power battery and a standby battery of the electric vehicle; when the power battery of the electric vehicle is normal, the power supply switching unit switches the power battery to supply power for the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit; and when the power battery is abnormal or charged, the power supply switching unit switches the standby battery to supply power to the data acquisition unit and the control and communication unit.
2. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the vehicle network data analysis platform unit is used for acquiring the safety monitoring data sent by the control and communication unit, extracting data characteristics according to the safety monitoring data and constructing a vehicle risk early warning model.
3. The capacitor expansion monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the power supply unit further comprises:
the first charging circuit is used for charging the power battery; the first charging circuit is in communication connection with the control and communication unit, and the control and communication unit is further used for controlling the first charging circuit to stop charging the power battery when the power battery is abnormal;
and the second charging circuit is used for charging the standby battery through the power battery when the power battery works normally.
4. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 1, the power supply switching unit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor and a transistor, the anode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode are connected with the voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode are both electrically connected with the first end of the transistor, the second end of the transistor is connected with the standby battery, the control end of the transistor is connected with the second end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor, the first end of the first resistor is connected with a voltage conversion circuit of the power battery, the second end of the second resistor is grounded, and the capacitor is connected in parallel with the two ends of the second resistor; and the common connecting end of the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the first end of the transistor is the power supply output end after the power supply switching unit switches the power supply.
5. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 2, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises:
the temperature acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the power battery temperature, the electric vehicle controller temperature and the electric vehicle body temperature of the electric vehicle.
6. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 5, wherein the temperature acquisition circuit comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of temperature sensors are connected with the control and communication unit through a data line.
7. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 2, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the smoke sensor detection circuit comprises an infrared light generator, an infrared light receiver and a buzzer; the smoke sensor detection circuit is used for generating a smoke warning instruction to control the buzzer to give an alarm when the smoke concentration between the infrared light receiver and the infrared light generator exceeds a preset concentration.
8. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system of claim 2, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the system comprises an air pressure sensor and a GPS, wherein the air pressure sensor is used for detecting air pressure data of the environment where the electric vehicle is located, and the GPS is used for determining geographical position information of the environment of the electric vehicle; wherein the geographic location information comprises a geographic location and an altitude.
9. The electric vehicle safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the control and communication unit is further connected with a gyroscope of the electric vehicle, and the control and communication unit is further configured to determine up-down slope angle data and road condition information data in the operating condition data of the electric vehicle according to gyroscope data of the gyroscope;
the control and communication unit is also used for reminding a user of decelerating and driving when the electric vehicle is determined to be in a long-time high-power climbing and riding state according to the temperature of the power battery and the operating condition data and when an electric system is in an overheat state, and controlling the motor controller to reduce the output power of the motor;
the control and communication unit includes a 4G-IOT locator.
10. An electric vehicle comprising the safety monitoring and warning system of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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