CN114160726A - Forging method for forming Z-shaped forging piece - Google Patents
Forging method for forming Z-shaped forging piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN114160726A CN114160726A CN202111480669.1A CN202111480669A CN114160726A CN 114160726 A CN114160726 A CN 114160726A CN 202111480669 A CN202111480669 A CN 202111480669A CN 114160726 A CN114160726 A CN 114160726A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K7/00—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts
- B21K7/12—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts parts for locomotives or vehicles, e.g. frames, underframes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forging, and relates to a forging method for forming a Z-shaped forging. The method comprises the following steps: forging an incoming material into a first blank material with a square section and a cuboid; the method comprises the following steps that four material distributing positions are arranged on a first blank to divide the first blank into five sections, and the first section, a third section and a fifth section are respectively drawn out to obtain a second blank with a boss on the upper side, wherein the boss is positioned on the second section and the fourth section; bending the center of the boss of the second section of the second blank in a first direction, and bending the center of the boss of the fourth section of the second blank in a second direction to obtain a forged blank, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction; placing the forging blank in a moulding bed, and pressing by using forging equipment to obtain a forging piece; utilize special cardboard and forging to compare, increase 1 fire shaping when not covering, until covering, the cardboard size equals part overall dimension. The streamline direction of the forge piece is ensured, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, the comprehensive performance of the forge piece is improved, and the service life of the forge piece is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forging, and relates to a forging method for forming a Z-shaped forging.
Background
The Z-shaped balance elbow of the loading wheel is a key part of the XX chariot and is a main bearing component for connecting the loading wheel with the chariot body. The production of the balance elbow part is usually carried out in two modes, firstly, the integral processing is carried out, an integral blank is firstly forged and then the balance elbow part is machined, the integral processing method cuts off a forging flow line, the service performance of the part is influenced, and the waste of raw materials is caused by the forging of large allowance; and secondly, mechanical connection is realized by adopting a split structure, parts are formed by combining a balance elbow shaft and a balance elbow arm, and after the connection adopts spline heating and pressing (hot sleeving), the end surfaces are welded, so that the connection method is often unreliable and the bearing capacity is not enough. The traditional forming method often limits the comprehensive performance and the service life of the composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the forging method for forming the Z-shaped forge piece is provided, firstly, the forging blank design is carried out according to the shape characteristics of the Z-shaped forge piece, the designed special forming die is combined, the small allowance accurate forming of the forge piece is achieved, and meanwhile, the streamline direction of the forge piece is ensured.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a forging method for forming a Z-shaped forging piece comprises the following steps:
forging the incoming material into a first blank with a square section and a cuboid, wherein the section of the first blank is equal to the maximum section of the forging;
the method comprises the following steps that four material distributing positions are arranged on a first blank to divide the first blank into five sections, and the first section, a third section and a fifth section are respectively drawn out to obtain a second blank with a boss on the upper side, wherein the boss is positioned on the second section and the fourth section;
bending the center of a boss of the second section of the second blank in the first direction, and bending the center of a boss of the fourth section of the second blank in the second direction to obtain a forged blank, wherein the bending in the first direction is backward bending, and the bending in the second direction is forward bending;
placing the forging blank in a moulding bed, and pressing by using forging equipment to obtain a forging piece;
utilize special cardboard and forging to compare, whether the inspection forging size can cover the cardboard, accomplish the forging during the cover, increase 1 fire shaping when not covering, until covering, the cardboard size equals part overall dimension.
Furthermore, a diversion trench is arranged at the outer corner of the bending part of the tire mold.
Further, the fillet of the diversion trench is R20.
Further, the depth of the diversion trench is equal to the depth of the cavity of the molding bed.
Further, forging the blank to a first blank of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross section, specifically comprising:
the heating specification in the forging process is as follows: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 240min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: the heat preservation time is calculated by cold material 0.8min/mm and hot material 0.5 min/mm.
Further, forging the blank to a first blank of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross section, specifically comprising:
forging a first blank by three fire; drawing out according to the deformation of 25 to 40 percent in each fire.
Further, the third firing process further includes partially drawing out the first billet to obtain a second billet.
Further, the forging stock is placed in a moulding bed, and forging equipment is pressed to obtain a forging, and the forging method specifically comprises the following steps:
the pressing process is completed by two fires, wherein the heating specification of each fire is as follows: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 80min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: the heat preservation time is calculated by cold material 0.8min/mm and hot material 0.5 min/mm.
Further, each firing in the pressing process is performed according to the deformation of 25 to 40 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by designing the forging stock and using the special forming die, the small allowance accurate forming of the Z-shaped forging is completed, the streamline direction of the forging is ensured, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, the comprehensive performance of the forging is improved, and the service life of the forging is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first blank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a forging stock;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tire membrane;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a forging;
wherein, 1 is the branch material department, 2 is the bending point, 3 is the guiding gutter, 4 is perpendicular branch material line, 5 is the axis.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the invention, through forging blank design, free forging and die forging are combined, the designed forging blank is placed in a manufactured die for pressing, when the pressing pressure is less than or equal to 5mm, the forming and forging of the Z-shaped forging piece are completed, and the sizes of the die and a cavity are determined according to the shape and size of the Z-shaped forging piece. Through the forging stock of above-mentioned design and the child mould of using special preparation, accomplished the shaping forging of "Z" type forging, guaranteed the forging streamline direction, reduced material consumption simultaneously, satisfied the processing of "Z" type part. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: forging stock design
According to the characteristics of the shape and the size of the forged piece, the shape of the forged piece is designed as shown in fig. 3, the forged piece is a Z-shaped rectangular body, and the forging is realized by free forging, drawing, forging and bending forming, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. forging the incoming material into a first blank with a square section, wherein the first blank is of a shape-following length, the section of the first blank is equal to the maximum section of the forging, the height-width ratio of the section is 2-2.5, and the maximum section of the forging is the section of a bending part;
2. and a vertical material dividing line is made at the tangent points on the two sides of the inner fillet of the bending part of the forging to divide the forging into five parts. Dividing the first blank into five sections according to the conversion of the volume of the five parts, as shown in figure 1; wherein, second section, fifth section need be reinforced material to supply the material of taking out of follow-up crooked technology step, thereby guarantee the smooth shaping of final forging, reinforced volume is:
V＝(0.1～0.3)V1
wherein: v is the charging volume of the second section and the fifth section of the first blank;
V1the volume of the bending part of the forge piece;
the value of the forged piece can be 0.3 when the forged piece is thin, and the value of the forged piece can be 0.1 when the forged piece is thick.
3. After material distribution, the first blank is drawn out to obtain a second blank, as shown in fig. 2, the drawn length of each section of the first blank corresponds to the length of the central axis of each part of the forge piece, the aspect ratio of the cross section of the first section, the third section and the fifth section of the first blank is about 2, and the aspect ratio of the second section and the fourth section of the first blank is about 2.5.
4. And (3) bending the boss center of the second section of the second blank in the first direction, and bending the boss center of the fourth section of the second blank in the second direction to obtain a forged blank, wherein the bending in the first direction is backward bending, the bending in the second direction is forward bending, and the bending angle is consistent (100 degrees) with that of the forged piece, as shown in FIG. 3.
Step two: making of moulding bed
According to the shape and the forging forming characteristics of the Z-shaped forging piece, a moulding bed (as shown in figure 4) is designed to carry out forging for two times:
1. a diversion trench is additionally arranged at the outer circular corner of the bending part of the tire membrane, the circular corner of the diversion trench is R20, and the depth of the diversion trench is equal to that of a tire mold cavity. The excircle corner at the bending part of the forged blank is generally in a meat deficiency state after bending, and the addition of the diversion trench on the excircle corner at the bending part of the fetal membrane is beneficial to filling at the excircle corner, can reduce the stress at the excircle corner of the die in the pressing process to a certain extent and reduce the cracking tendency of the die;
2. the inclination of the die forging die is designed to be 3 degrees, so that the friction force between a forge piece and the die during mold filling is reduced, and the mold filling is facilitated;
3. and (4) processing the fetal membrane cavity according to a three-dimensional digital model of the forging.
Step three: forging the forging stock in the step one in a free forging mode
a) Heating specification: heating the blank to a temperature required by the process (generally, the recommended heating temperature of the titanium alloy part is [ T beta- (20-50) ] to [ T beta + (10-120) ], the recommended heating temperature of the steel part is 980-1250 ℃), and calculating the heat preservation time according to the heat preservation coefficient required by the blank (generally, the recommended heat preservation coefficient of the titanium alloy part is 0.3-1.5 min/mm, and the recommended heat preservation coefficient of the steel part is 0.2-0.5 min/mm);
b) forging: the method comprises the steps of carrying out free forging drawing on a material to obtain a first blank, wherein the section of the first blank is equal to the maximum section of a forge piece, the length of the first blank is along with the shape, carrying out material distribution drawing on the first blank to obtain a second blank, and then carrying out bending forging on the second blank to obtain a forged blank.
Step four: adopting the moulding bed of the second step to carry out moulding bed forging on the forging stock
a) Heating specification: heating the blank to a temperature required by the process (generally, the recommended heating temperature of the titanium alloy part is [ T beta- (20-50) ] to [ T beta + (10-120) ], the recommended heating temperature of the steel part is 980-1250 ℃), and calculating the heat preservation time according to the heat preservation coefficient required by the blank (generally, the recommended heat preservation coefficient of the titanium alloy part is 0.3-1.5 min/mm, and the recommended heat preservation coefficient of the steel part is 0.2-0.5 min/mm);
b) forging: placing the forging blank in a moulding bed, pressing by using forging equipment, and pressing the deformation amount every fire: the titanium alloy piece is set to be 25-40%, the steel piece is set to be 15-60%, and the last fire time under-pressure is less than or equal to 5 mm.
Step five: size comparison by using special sample plate
Utilize special cardboard and forging to compare, whether the inspection forging size can cover the cardboard, accomplish the forging during the cover, increase 1 fire shaping when not covering, until covering, the cardboard size equals part overall dimension.
Example (b):
forging material: TC32 titanium alloy, quantity 1 piece, blanking specification: □ 300 x 270.
The method comprises the following steps: forging stock design
According to the shape and size characteristics of the forge piece, the total length 980 (including bulging, the length being equal to the axial length of the forge piece) of the forge piece is designed, the forge piece is five sections, the width of the first section, the width of the third section and the width of the fifth section are 100, the height of the first section is 220, the width of the second section and the fifth section are respectively a left boss and a right boss, the length of the left boss is 200, the width of the left boss is 100, the height of the left boss is 250, the bending point (namely the boss center) of the left boss is far away from the left end part 390, the length of the right boss is 200, the width of the right boss is 100, the height of the right boss is far away from the right end part 240, the bosses are all unilateral bosses, and the forge piece is bent and formed through the two bending points.
Step two: making of moulding bed
According to the shape and the forging forming characteristics of the Z-shaped forging piece, a forming die is designed, a diversion trench is additionally arranged at the outer corner of the bending part of the forming die, the fillet of the diversion trench is R20, and the depth of the diversion trench is equal to the depth of a forming die cavity. The die forging draft angle is designed to be 3 degrees, and the fetal membrane cavity is processed according to the three-dimensional digital model of the forge piece. As shown in particular in fig. 4.
Step three: forging the forging stock in the step one in a free forging mode
a) Heating specification: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 240min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: calculating the cold material at 0.8min/mm and the hot material at 0.5 min/mm;
b) forging:
a first fire: □ 300 is pulled out from 300X 270 to □ 240 +/-5X-420;
and (3) second fire: □ 240 +/-5 +/-420 is pulled out to 150 +/-5 +/-250 +/-5 +/-640;
and (3) third fire: 150 +/-5 multiplied by 250 +/-5 multiplied by 640 drawn out to 100 +/-5 multiplied by 255 +/-5 multiplied by 935 (including bulge) and drawn out as shown in figure 2;
and (4) fourth fire: bent as shown in fig. 3.
Step four: adopting the moulding bed of the second step to carry out moulding bed forging on the forging stock
a) Heating specification: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 80min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: calculating the cold material at 0.8min/mm and the hot material at 0.5 min/mm;
b) forging: and (3) placing the forging blank in a moulding bed, and pressing by using forging equipment, wherein the first fire time under-pressure is 50mm, and the second fire time under-pressure is less than or equal to 5 mm.
Step five: size comparison by using special sample plate
Utilize special cardboard and forging to compare, check whether the forging size can cover the cardboard, cover the model completely, forge and accomplish, the size of cardboard equals part overall dimension.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A forging method for forming Z-shaped forgings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forging the incoming material into a first blank with a square section and a cuboid, wherein the section of the first blank is equal to the maximum section of the forging;
the method comprises the following steps that four material distributing positions are arranged on a first blank to divide the first blank into five sections, and the first section, a third section and a fifth section are respectively drawn out to obtain a second blank with a boss on the upper side, wherein the boss is positioned on the second section and the fourth section;
bending the center of a boss of the second section of the second blank in the first direction, and bending the center of a boss of the fourth section of the second blank in the second direction to obtain a forged blank, wherein the bending in the first direction is backward bending, and the bending in the second direction is forward bending;
placing the forging blank in a moulding bed, and pressing by using forging equipment to obtain a forging piece;
utilize special cardboard and forging to compare, whether the inspection forging size can cover the cardboard, accomplish the forging during the cover, increase 1 fire shaping when not covering, until covering, the cardboard size equals part overall dimension.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer corners of the bends of the molding bed are provided with guide grooves.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the channels have rounded corners of R20.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the guide groove depth is equal to the tire mold cavity depth.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that forging the incoming material to a first billet of rectangular parallelepiped cross-section, comprises in particular:
the heating specification in the forging process is as follows: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 240min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: the heat preservation time is calculated by cold material 0.8min/mm and hot material 0.5 min/mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that forging the incoming material to a first billet of rectangular parallelepiped cross-section, comprises in particular:
forging a first blank by three fire; drawing out according to the deformation of 25 to 40 percent in each fire.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the third firing process further comprises partially drawing the first billet to form a second billet.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forging stock is placed in a die and the forging equipment is pressed to obtain a forging, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the pressing process is completed by two fires, wherein the heating specification of each fire is as follows: heating the blank to 900 ℃, heating for the first heating time for 80min, and then heating according to the heat preservation coefficient of the blank: the heat preservation time is calculated by cold material 0.8min/mm and hot material 0.5 min/mm.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein each fire during pressing is pressed at a deformation of 25% to 40%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111480669.1A CN114160726A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Forging method for forming Z-shaped forging piece |
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| CN202111480669.1A CN114160726A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Forging method for forming Z-shaped forging piece |
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