CN114160098A - Preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removal of norfloxacin in water - Google Patents
Preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removal of norfloxacin in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN114160098A CN114160098A CN202111485720.8A CN202111485720A CN114160098A CN 114160098 A CN114160098 A CN 114160098A CN 202111485720 A CN202111485720 A CN 202111485720A CN 114160098 A CN114160098 A CN 114160098A
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removal of norfloxacin in water, which comprises the steps of placing sludge biochar SBC prepared by pyrolysis of a tubular furnace in a reaction kettle containing potassium hydroxide solution for hydrothermal activation to generate alkali water heat activated sludge biochar KSBC, and transferring the KSBC into the reaction kettle containing magnesium chloride and ferric chloride solution for hydrothermal activation treatment to prepare alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar KMSBC. The biochar prepared by the method has excellent physicochemical properties, can realize high-efficiency removal of norfloxacin in water, and has the maximum adsorption capacity of 68.5mg/g for norfloxacin at the reaction temperature of 35 ℃. In addition, the biochar also has strong safety and magnetic separation capacity, and can realize high-efficiency magnetic separation and sodium hydroxide desorption regeneration with solution after adsorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biochar preparation and water treatment, in particular to a preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removing norfloxacin in water.
Background
In recent years, fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) have become the largest class of antibiotics used in the world, and environmental problems caused by the antibiotics have attracted much attention. Among them, norfloxacin is widely used for treating urinary, respiratory and intestinal diseases caused by sensitive bacteria because of its ability to effectively inhibit the synthesis and replication of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria DNA, and has become FQs, the most widely used. Notably, humans and animals have limited absorption of norfloxacin, and about 60-70% of the unabsorbed norfloxacin is excreted by feces and urine into the aqueous environment. The existing sewage treatment plant is not specially equipped with relevant equipment for removing antibiotics in water, and the removal efficiency of the antibiotics is low, so that a large amount of unprocessed norfloxacin enters sludge, water and soil. Norfloxacin has a long half-life and can persist in these environments for a long time, while enriching through the food chain or producing superbacteria, drug resistance and resistance genes that in turn jeopardize human health and overall ecosystem safety.
Currently, the main removal means of norfloxacin include: photocatalysis, advanced oxidation, microbial degradation and the like. Photocatalysis and advanced oxidation impose stringent operating conditions and high costs, and more toxic degradation products may be produced during the process, which limits their practical and widespread use. The long period required for microbial degradation may result in drug resistance genes, which is not favorable for large-scale application. The adsorption has the advantages of high cost-effectiveness ratio, simple operation and environmental protection, and is a norfloxacin removal technology with a promising prospect. The biochar is prepared by agriculture orThe industrial waste is pyrolyzed at high temperature under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen limitation to form the porous adsorption material. Municipal sludge is the main solid waste of municipal sewage treatment plants, and the sludge yield in China is reported to exceed 6.0 x 10 in 20208At present, the main treatment means is landfill and incineration, and secondary pollution to soil, water and atmosphere can be caused. The high organic matter content of the municipal sludge makes the municipal sludge have the potential to become a good raw material for preparing the biochar, and the resource utilization of the biochar can be realized. On the study surface, the sludge biochar has certain adsorption capacity on organic matters (tetracycline, imidacloprid and the like) and inorganic matters (nickel and the like) in water, but the limited adsorption capacity limits the practical and large-scale application of the sludge biochar. Studies have confirmed that potassium hydroxide (KOH) can improve the pore structure of biochar, the type and number of oxygen-containing functional groups, and magnesium chloride (MgCl)2) The surface area, porosity, ion exchange capacity and the like of the biochar can be obviously improved, so that the adsorption and removal capacity of the biochar on target pollutants is improved. Based on potassium hydroxide (KOH) and magnesium chloride (MgCl)2) The two are not combined for the activation of the biochar, and the invention combines the two for the modification of the sludge biochar. In addition, previously potassium hydroxide (KOH) and magnesium chloride (MgCl)2) The activation of the biochar is mostly completed by dipping or stirring, and the activation effect on the biochar is limited. The hydrothermal activation method is completed by placing the biochar and the active agent in a closed environment under the conditions of autogenous pressure and certain temperature, and can better ensure the activation effect of the active agent on the biochar. After the modified sludge charcoal adsorbs norfloxacin, how to realize the efficient separation and regeneration of the norfloxacin from a water body has important research value and significance for realizing the sustainable removal of the norfloxacin in water.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar capable of efficiently removing the norfloxacin in water, and simultaneously, the safety of an adsorbent can be ensured, and the separation and regeneration of the biochar and a solution after the norfloxacin is adsorbed can be realized. The treatment technology can realize the resource utilization of municipal sludge and the efficient and sustainable removal of norfloxacin in water.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removal of norfloxacin in water, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sludge biochar: cleaning municipal sludge with ultrapure water, drying to constant weight, pyrolyzing, grinding and sieving to obtain sludge biochar SBC;
(2) preparing alkaline water-heating activated sludge biochar: placing the sludge biochar SBC obtained in the step (1) in a KOH solution, performing hydrothermal activation, washing with ultrapure water, centrifuging, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain alkaline hydrothermal activated sludge biochar KSBC;
(3) preparing the biological carbon of the double-metal salt water heat activated sludge: adding the sludge biochar SBC prepared in the step (1) into MgCl containing magnesium chloride2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2Placing the O mixed solution into a forced air drying oven for hydrothermal activation, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain sludge biochar MSBC subjected to hydrothermal activation by double metal salts;
(4) preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar: adding the KSBC prepared in the step (2) into MgCl containing magnesium chloride2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2And (4) putting the O mixed solution into a forced air drying oven for hydrothermal activation, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the sludge biochar KMSBC thermally activated by the alkali/double-metal salt water.
As a preferred aspect of the above technical solution, the preparation method of the alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar applied to removal of norfloxacin in water provided by the present invention further includes a part or all of the following technical features:
as an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃; the pyrolysis condition is that the nitrogen flow rate is 0.3-0.6L/min, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis is continuously carried out for 60-120min at the temperature of 400-; grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
In the step (2), the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide KOH to sludge biochar SBC is 5g to 2.5-10g, and the concentration of KOH solution is 25-200 g/L; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of forced air drying is 200-; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (3), the quality of the sludge biochar SBC and the magnesium chloride MgCl are adopted2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is 2.5-10 g: 50-100 mL; in the 50-100mL of magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2MgCl in solution with O2Has a mass of 2.5-10g, FeCl3·6H2The mass of O is 2.5-10 g; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of the air drying box is 200-240 ℃, and the activation time is 600-900 min; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (4), the sludge biochar KSBC and the MgCl are activated by alkali water heat2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is 2.5-10 g: 50-100 mL; in the 50-100mL of magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2MgCl in solution with O2Has a mass of 2.5-10g, FeCl3·6H2The mass of O is 2.5-10 g; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of the air drying box is 200-240 ℃, and the activation time is 600-900 min; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
An alkali/double metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar prepared by any one of the methods as described above.
The application of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar in removing norfloxacin in water comprises the following steps: adding sludge biochar SBC, alkali water heat activated sludge biochar KSBC, double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar MSBC and alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar KMSBC which are used as adsorbents into a norfloxacin-containing aqueous solution, and filtering to obtain a purified solution when the norfloxacin solution concentration does not change after the norfloxacin solution is balanced.
As a preferred aspect of the above technical solution, the application of the alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar in removing norfloxacin from water further includes part or all of the following technical features:
as an improvement of the technical scheme, the concentration of the norfloxacin in the norfloxacin-containing solution is 5-100mg/L, pH, and is 2-12; the dosage of the adsorbent is 0.1-0.4 g/L.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the temperature in the adsorption process is controlled to be 15-35 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for efficiently removing the norfloxacin in the water by using the alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar as the adsorbent is provided, so that the environmental pollution caused by the norfloxacin can be effectively reduced, and the resource utilization of the municipal sludge can be realized. Meanwhile, the biochar prepared by the method has high safety and high magnetic separation capacity, and can be efficiently separated from a water body and regenerated.
(1) The KMSBC has stronger removal capability on norfloxacin, and the removal rate of the KMSBC with the dose of 0.3g/L on norfloxacin with the concentration of 10mg/L is close to 100%. The maximum adsorption amount of KMSBC to norfloxacin can reach 68.5mg/g at the concentration of 100mg/L and the projection temperature of 35 ℃.
(2) Compared with other technologies (photocatalysis, advanced oxidation, microbial degradation and the like), the method for removing norfloxacin from water by using the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar as the adsorbent has the advantages of high cost-efficiency ratio, simplicity in operation, environmental friendliness and large-scale application prospect.
(3) The alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar prepared by the invention can realize the resource utilization of municipal sludge and the efficient removal of norfloxacin in water, has high safety and easy separation and regeneration capacity, and has low use cost.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1(a) shows the removal rate of 10mg/L norfloxacin at 0-1440min by KMSBC at a dose of 0.3 g/L;
FIG. 1(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration and reaction temperature of norfloxacin and the adsorption capacity of KMSBC as an adsorbent;
FIG. 2(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the adsorption capacity of KMSBC for norfloxacin at 10mg/L and the change of solution pH;
FIG. 2(b) is a graph showing the effect of NaCl concentration of 1-100mmol/L on the norfloxacin adsorption capacity of KMSBC at 10 mg/L;
FIG. 2(c) shows CaCl at a concentration of 1-100mmol/L2Influence on norfloxacin capacity with KMSBC adsorption concentration of 10 mg/L;
FIG. 2(d) is a graph showing the effect of humic acid at a concentration of 1-10mg/L on the ability of KMSBC to adsorb norfloxacin at a concentration of 10 mg/L;
figure 3(a) is the leaching concentration of Fe in KMSBC at different pH;
FIG. 3(b) is the ability of KMSBC to regenerate adsorption of norfloxacin;
figure 4(a) is an SEM image of KMSBC;
figure 4(b) is an XRD pattern of KMSBC;
FIG. 4(c) is an FTIR spectrum of KMSBC;
FIG. 4(d) is a Zeta potential map of KMSBC;
figure 4(e) is the specific surface area and pore distribution pattern of KMSBC;
FIG. 4(f) is a KMSBC hysteresis curve map.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
Examples of the inventionFirstly, the method comprises the following steps: drying municipal sludge in a 70 ℃ oven to constant weight, and transferring into a high-temperature tube furnace (N)2The flow rate is 0.5L/min, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min) and the sludge is pyrolyzed for 120min at the temperature of 700 ℃, and the sludge is ground and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the sludge biochar SBC. SBC (5.0 g) is transferred into a reaction kettle containing 60mL of KOH with 2.5g dissolved therein, is subjected to hydrothermal activation for 720min at 220 ℃, is dried in a 70 ℃ oven to constant weight, and is ground and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so that the alkaline hydrothermal activated sludge biochar KSBC is obtained. SBC with a mass of 5.0g was added to a reactor containing 60mL of MgCl2(mass: 10g) and FeCl3·6H2And (3) performing hydrothermal activation for 720min at 220 ℃ in a reaction kettle of the O (5 g) mixed solution, then placing the reaction kettle in a 70 ℃ drying oven to constant weight, grinding and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the bimetallic salt water thermally activated sludge biochar MSBC. And (3) obtaining the alkaline/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar KMSBC by taking KSBC as a precursor and performing the same other operations as the preparation process of MSBC.
Example two: 0.3g/L of KMSBC was added to 100mL of norfloxacin solution at a concentration of 10mg/L, and the resulting solution was subjected to an adsorption test in a constant temperature shaking chamber (160rmp) at 25 ℃ to sample at a predetermined time (0 to 1440min), and the residual concentration of norfloxacin was measured at λ 273nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to calculate the norfloxacin removal rate at various times.
As can be seen from fig. 1(a), KMSBC can achieve rapid and efficient removal of norfloxacin, the removal rate of norfloxacin exceeds 80% in 40min, and the removal rate of norfloxacin can reach 94.8% at 1440 min.
Example three: KMSBC was added at a dose of 0.3g/L to norfloxacin solutions at volumes of 100mL and concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mg/L, respectively, and then placed in constant temperature shaking chambers (160rmp) at temperatures of 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and the residual concentration of norfloxacin was measured at λ 273nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at the time of reaction equilibrium.
As can be seen from fig. 1(b), the adsorption capacity of norfloxacin by KMSBC increases with the concentration of norfloxacin and the reaction temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of the norfloxacin can reach 68.5mg/g at the temperature of 35 ℃.
Example four: KMSBC with the dosage of 0.3g/L is respectively added into norfloxacin solution with the volume of 100mL, the concentration of 10mg/L and the pH value of 2-11 (the pH value of the solution is adjusted by 0.1mol/L HCl/NaOH), the solution is placed in a constant temperature shaking box (160rmp) at 25 ℃ for adsorption experiment, and during adsorption equilibrium, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer is used for measuring the residual concentration of norfloxacin at the position of lambda value 273nm and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer is used for measuring the leaching concentration of Fe, and the adsorption capacity of the KMSBC on norfloxacin and the safety of biochar under different pH conditions are researched.
As can be seen from FIG. 2(a), the adsorption capacity of KMSBC for norfloxacin was not greatly affected at a solution pH of 2-8, and was maximal at a solution pH of 5 (32.9 mg/g). When the solution pH >9, the adsorption capacity of KMSBC for norfloxacin was significantly inhibited. From fig. 3(a), it can be known that the leaching concentration of Fe in KMSBC is higher than the limit value of GB 5749-2006 only when the pH of the solution is 2, and the leaching concentration of Fe is much lower than the limit value of GB 5749-2006 under other pH conditions, indicating that the alkali/double metal salt hydrothermally activated sludge biochar prepared by the present invention has higher safety.
Example five: KMSBC with a dose of 0.3g/L is added into the mixture with a volume of 100mL and a concentration of 10mg/L, and contains NaCl (1-100mmol/L) and CaCl2(1-100mmol/L) and humic acid (1-10mg/L) are put in a norfloxacin solution at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ in a shaking box (160rmp) for adsorption experiment, and at the time of adsorption equilibrium, the residual concentration of norfloxacin is measured at the position of lambda of 273nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the influence of coexisting inorganic ions and organic matters on the norfloxacin adsorption capacity of KMSBC is evaluated.
As is clear from FIGS. 2(b) to 2(d), NaCl and CaCl2The inhibition effect on the norfloxacin adsorption capacity of KMSBC is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of KMSBC, wherein the inhibition effect of NaCl is basically negligible, and CaCl is added2The inhibitory effect of (D) is stronger than that of NaCl. Humic acid has a certain enhancing effect on the norfloxacin adsorption capacity of KMSBC.
Example six: KMSBC with the dose of 0.3g/L is added into norfloxacin solution with the volume of 500mL and the concentration of 10mg/L, an adsorption experiment is carried out in a constant-temperature shaking box at 25 ℃, and the absorbance of norfloxacin is measured at the position of lambda (273 nm) by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer when the reaction is balanced. The KMSBC having the adsorption equilibrium was subjected to magnetic separation, ultrasonic treatment (500W) and regeneration treatment with NaOH (0.1mol/L) for 120min, and the control group was treated with ultrapure water and repeated 5 times to measure the regeneration adsorption capacity of KMSBC.
As can be seen from fig. 3(b), compared to ultrapure water and sonication, NaOH treatment was able to maintain the continuous and stable adsorption capacity of KMSBC in subsequent cycles (reaching 99.2% or more of the initial use).
Fig. 4(a) SEM spectra of KMSBC show that it presents a rough surface and a distinct branched structure, which can provide more abundant active sites for norfloxacin adsorption.
As can be seen from the XRD spectrum of fig. 4(b), KMSBC has an amorphous carbon characteristic peak near 2 θ ═ 20 °, KMSBC has a high graphitization degree to facilitate pi-pi conjugation with norfloxacin, and magnetic γ -Fe2O3The complex reaction with norfloxacin and the recovery and regeneration after adsorption are facilitated, and the appearance of a magnesium hydroxide diffraction peak indicates that magnesium is loaded on the surface of KMSBC.
As can be seen from the FTIR spectrum of fig. 4(C), the functional groups on the surface of KMSBC mainly include-OH, C-C, C-O, Fe-O and Mg-O, consistent with XRD analysis, demonstrating that Fe and Mg are loaded on the surface of KMSBC. The functional groups on the surface of the KMSBC can perform hydrogen bond combination, pi-pi conjugation and complexation with norfloxacin to enhance the adsorption effect of norfloxacin.
As can be seen from the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms and the pore distribution in fig. 4(d), the pores of KMSBC are mainly of a mesoporous structure, which is favorable for the transportation and adsorption of macromolecular norfloxacin.
As can be seen from the zeta potential in fig. 4(e), the zeta potential of KMSBC decreases with increasing pH, and the zero potential point is pH 2.27. When the solution pH is <2.27, the KMSBC surface is protonated and positively charged; when the solution pH >2.27, KMSBC surface is negatively charged.
As can be seen from the hysteresis curve of fig. 4(f), KMSBC has a certain magnetic sensitivity, and can realize magnetic separation from water after adsorption is completed, and can be used for continuously removing norfloxacin from water after regeneration with the NaOH.
The raw materials listed in the invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of the raw materials of the invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to removing norfloxacin in water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing sludge biochar: cleaning municipal sludge with ultrapure water, drying to constant weight, pyrolyzing, grinding and sieving to obtain sludge biochar SBC;
(2) preparing alkaline water-heating activated sludge biochar: placing the sludge biochar SBC obtained in the step (1) in a KOH solution, performing hydrothermal activation, washing with ultrapure water, centrifuging, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain alkaline hydrothermal activated sludge biochar KSBC;
(3) preparing the biological carbon of the double-metal salt water heat activated sludge: adding the sludge biochar SBC prepared in the step (1) into MgCl containing magnesium chloride2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2Placing the O mixed solution into a forced air drying oven for hydrothermal activation, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain sludge biochar MSBC subjected to hydrothermal activation by double metal salts;
(4) preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar: adding the KSBC prepared in the step (2) into MgCl containing magnesium chloride2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2And (4) putting the O mixed solution into a forced air drying oven for hydrothermal activation, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the sludge biochar KMSBC thermally activated by the alkali/double-metal salt water.
2. The method for preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to norfloxacin removal in water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃; the pyrolysis condition is that the nitrogen flow rate is 0.3-0.6L/min, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis is continuously carried out for 60-120min at the temperature of 400-; grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
3. The method for preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to norfloxacin removal in water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), potassium hydroxide KOH and sludge biochar SBC are mixed according to a mass ratio of 5g to 2.5-10g, and the concentration of a KOH solution is 25-200 g/L; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of forced air drying is 200-; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
4. The method for preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to norfloxacin removal in water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the quality of the sludge biochar SBC and the magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is 2.5-10 g: 50-100 mL; in the 50-100mL of magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2MgCl in solution with O2Has a mass of 2.5-10g, FeCl3·6H2The mass of O is 2.5-10 g; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of the air drying box is 200-240 ℃, and the activation time is 600-900 min; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
5. The method for preparing the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar applied to norfloxacin removal in water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the alkaline water thermally activates the sludge biochar KSBC and the magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is 2.5-10 g: 50-100 mL; in the 50-100mL of magnesium chloride MgCl2And iron chloride FeCl3·6H2Dissolution of OMgCl in liquid2Has a mass of 2.5-10g, FeCl3·6H2The mass of O is 2.5-10 g; the hydrothermal activation conditions are as follows: the temperature of the air drying box is 200-240 ℃, and the activation time is 600-900 min; drying at 50-90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 60-200 mesh sieve.
6. The alkali/double-metal salt water thermal activation sludge biochar is characterized in that: the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar is prepared by any method as claimed in claims 1-5.
7. The application of the alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar in removing norfloxacin in water is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding sludge biochar SBC, alkali water heat activated sludge biochar KSBC, double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar MSBC and alkali/double-metal salt water heat activated sludge biochar KMSBC which are used as adsorbents into a norfloxacin-containing aqueous solution, and filtering after the adsorption process reaches balance and the norfloxacin concentration is not changed any more to obtain a purified solution.
8. The use of the alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar in removing norfloxacin from water as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the concentration of norfloxacin in the norfloxacin-containing solution is 5-100mg/L, pH and is 2-12; the dosage of the adsorbent is 0.1-0.4 g/L.
9. The use of the alkali/double-metal salt water heat-activated sludge biochar in removing norfloxacin from water as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the temperature in the adsorption process is controlled to be 15-35 ℃.
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