CN114155095A

CN114155095A - Digital artwork authentication and transaction system and authentication and transaction method

Info

Publication number: CN114155095A
Application number: CN202111124385.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡维德
Original assignee: Zeu Crypto Networks Inc
Current assignee: Zeu Crypto Networks Inc
Priority date: 2021-09-24
Filing date: 2021-09-24
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-24
Also published as: CN114155095B

Abstract

The invention provides a digital artwork authentication and transaction system, which comprises: a customer identity card authentication center; a digital artwork issuing entity; a digital artwork authentication center; a digital artwork exchange; and a plurality of blockchain systems. A digital artwork authentication and transaction method, comprising: the cochain process of the digital artwork in the authentication center; a transaction flow of digital artwork; a loss application process of the digital artwork; and storing the digital artwork. All the intermediate processes of the method are carried out by a national authority center and a national approved exchange; each procedure has a digital signature or stamp of the relevant unit; part of the material is disclosed, giving public confidence; the method is characterized in that any public link platform and public link protocol are not used, and only a complex hash protocol and a block link technology are used, so that a copyright protection mechanism consistent with NFT characteristics is established; no entity can cheat or alter the data without being discovered, giving greater confidence to the customer collecting the digital artwork.

Description

Digital artwork authentication and transaction system and authentication and transaction method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains, digital art culture application and encryption protocols, and particularly relates to a digital artwork authentication and transaction system and an authentication and transaction method.

Background

NFT first appeared in 2020, and in 2021 it shocked the world. NFT is an abbreviation of Non-feather Token, and is known in chinese as "Non-homogeneous Token", and generally refers to a Token issued by a developer according to ERC 721 standard/protocol, which is indivisible, irreplaceable, unique in nature, and simply, a Token issued using ERC 721 standard/protocol is called NFT. "a genuine NFT-based artwork is just a piece of code, it does not exist, it has no objectionability. "Noah Davis (Noah Davis): it is important to define the artwork itself and the symbols representing the artwork, and the real NFT-based artwork is simply an irreplaceable token, which is a long string of letters and numbers, that is dropped into a digital wallet. A large number of art items appear in the form of tokens, but the tokens are not cuttable and can be used in only one copy.

Currently, foreign NFT is in fact a distinct token (token), and in some scenarios a public chain cannot be used to create NFT tokens. Since the NFT token is hosted on a public chain in different countries, it is an impossible task to use a foreign public chain to establish NFT in the home.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, provides a mechanism of digital art copyright, has NFT characteristics, is non-divisible and unique, cannot be copied, is particularly not based on foreign public chain technology, cannot issue token, and has the technical effect of protecting the copyright of digital artworks. Here, "copyright" refers to the rights of any digital literature product, including copyright, portrait rights, proxy rights, usage rights, etc.

The invention aims to provide a digital artwork authentication and transaction system, which comprises:

a customer identity card authentication center; a digital artwork issuing entity; a digital artwork authentication center; a digital artwork exchange; and a related blockchain system; wherein:

all digital artwork issuing units and the digital art exchange register in the digital artwork authentication center to obtain permission and then can issue digital artwork;

the digital artwork must be registered in the digital artwork authentication center to be issued;

the digital artwork authentication center comprises a digital artwork evaluation center for providing an evaluation service for the digital artwork, and the digital artwork authentication center obtains an evaluation result of the digital artwork evaluation center and determines whether the digital artwork can become a digital artwork which is in compliance under a national system or not based on the evaluation result; after the identification, the legal owner of the digital artwork can buy, sell, collect and display;

the digital artwork exchange is used for implementing the transaction of the digital artwork, and the legal owner of the digital artwork after implementing the transaction of the digital artwork is determined after all the transactions of the digital artwork pass through the authentication process of the digital artwork authentication center; the information of the digital artwork exchange is registered in the digital artwork authentication center;

the digital artwork issuing entity; a digital artwork authentication center; the digital art exchange is supervised by a supervision unit or is established with an autonomous organization to supervise each other.

Preferably, the digital art exchange may be an e-commerce exchange, an off-line physical store, both, or other type of exchange.

Preferably, part of the digital artwork does not need to be confirmed by the digital artwork authentication center, but only needs to be confirmed by the digital artwork issuing unit; in this case, the digital art certification center is not required, and the customer's confirmation of the digital art is confirmed to the issuer; confirmation of the transaction of the digital artwork by the customer and the digital artwork exchange is confirmed to the issuer.

Preferably, each client obtains a plurality of digital identity cards and one or more digital wallets from the client identity authentication center, the digital identity cards comprise public keys and private keys, the client identity authentication center is an authority unit and is used for issuing the digital identity cards and the digital wallets after checking client identity information, the client identity authentication center stores the client identity information on a block chain system where the client identity authentication center is located, and the digital identity cards cannot be changed; the customer has a private blockchain system or a blockchain system that pays for joining the digital artwork authentication center.

Preferably, the digital art issue unit is used for generating digital art and issuing a certificate of guarantee and related insurance information for confirming that the digital art is truly original and not issued for each piece of digital art; if false behavior of the digital artwork is found, corresponding penalty mechanisms, such as an expense-related license or a penalty, are provided, and the penalty is assumed by the artwork issuing entity or the insurance company; each digital artwork has an independent certificate of guarantee and insurance information; part of the digital artworks have the attribute of limited issuing, and correspondingly, each digital artwork has a limited number which is one of the identity information of the digital artworks;

the generating of the digital artwork includes: packaging information of an author, a date and a digital artwork issuing unit to form a first digital artwork package, carrying out hash operation on the first digital artwork package to obtain a first hash value H, adding a stamp of the issuing unit to the first hash value H, and generating a second hash value M again; the second hash value M is used as public information with confidential information, namely a digital identity card of a issuing unit of the digital artwork; storing the digital artwork, author, date, digital artwork issuing unit information, first hash value H and second hash value M on a blockchain system of the artwork issuing unit and registering on a blockchain system of the digital artwork authentication center;

if there is no blockchain system of the digital art issue unit, the digital art issue unit pays for using a blockchain system of the digital art authentication center or one alliance chain system formed by a plurality of digital art issue units, and the alliance chain system has an autonomous rule;

the digital artwork is collectively authenticated by the digital artwork issuing entity using the first hash value H and other attributes, including the date of issuance, the place of issuance, and the hash values of the date of issuance, the place of issuance, which other attributes require chaining.

Preferably, the digital artwork authentication center is used for storing the information of the digital artwork; after obtaining a new digital art from the digital art issue unit, verifying whether the digital art is real digital art, wherein the verifying comprises verifying issue unit information and verifying the digital art itself, wherein the verifying the digital art issue unit information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit is true or not, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork, artwork related information, the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package, and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value A, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to pack the digital artwork or hash values of different parts of the digital artwork respectively, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B and adding other date information such as author information to hash again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information; a sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital artwork are stored on a blockchain system of the digital artwork authentication center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital artwork are sent to the digital artwork issuing unit and the related digital artwork exchange in an encrypted manner.

Preferably, a piece of digital art may have only one privacy single hash value, for example, a third hash value a, so that the digital identification card of the digital art is a sequence group (a, C), where the fifth hash value C is a new hash value obtained by adding date and other information to the third hash value a; identity cards can also be established using more than 3 hash values; the block chain of the digital artwork authentication center is supervised by a supervision unit or a judicial unit, the judicial unit is provided with a verification center, unit information, date and examiner identity card are added to the verification center, hash operation is carried out again to obtain a seventh hash value F, and the seventh hash value F is sent to the digital artwork authentication center in an encryption mode to be stored; the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F are both digital identity cards endowed to a digital artwork by the digital artwork authentication unit, the fifth hash value C is an authentication center digital identity card issued by a digital artwork authentication center, and the seventh hash value F is a digital identity card with judicial unit imprint; the digital artwork authentication center sends the information of the fifth hash value C and/or the seventh hash value F back to the digital artwork issuing unit in an encryption mode; the digital art issue unit stores the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F in a blockchain of the digital art issue unit, and discloses information of the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F.

Preferably, each party required by the transaction related to the digital artwork transaction exchange comprises a digital artwork, a seller, a buyer, the digital artwork transaction and the digital artwork authentication center; the information of the digital artwork is firstly transmitted to a digital artwork exchange; the digital artwork trading exchange respectively checks the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner to the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit, and verifies the real identity card of the customer; if the digital artwork exchange trades the same digital artwork in the past, checking a database of the exchange to determine whether the digital artwork is sold for the first time or has an existing owner; if the digital artwork is sold for the first time, the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner can be verified and checked by the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit and then the digital artwork can be sold; if the digital artwork already has an owner, the digital artwork exchange verifies whether the owner is a legitimate owner and whether the transaction has been settled, and if not, the digital artwork cannot be sold; after a customer purchases a piece of digital artwork and owns the digital artwork, carrying out hash operation on a customer identity card, a wallet and the fifth hash value C to obtain an eighth hash value E, carrying out hash operation on the eighth hash value E, transaction time, information of a digital artwork exchange and an identity card of the digital artwork exchange to obtain a ninth hash value G, sending the ninth hash value G to the digital artwork authentication center by using an encryption algorithm, and then enabling the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G to become public information; the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G are sent to the client by a related digital artwork exchange to serve as a certificate for the client to own the digital artwork; said eighth hash value E and said ninth hash value G are sent to the customer in an encrypted manner to verify the customer's ownership of the digital artwork; the digital artwork transaction verifies whether the customer is the owner of the digital artwork by using the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G or only the ninth hash value G; after receiving the information, the digital artwork authentication center verifies whether the transaction information is real or not again, wherein the verification information comprises whether the relevant digital artwork is real or not, the identity card of the previous owner, the identity card of the new owner and all past possession proofs; if true, updating the database and recording the database on the corresponding block chain; or checking that the owner of one digital artwork is verified through the identity card of the client and the identity card of the digital artwork or through the transaction record of the digital artwork, and recalculating the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G; if the verification is successful, disclosing new information of the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G; if the verification is not passed, notifying the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the customer of the information that the transaction is not passed; the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the customer rollback the transaction; the eighth hash value E can be sent to a judicial verification center for verification by using an encryption algorithm, and after verification, a judicial unit uses the eighth hash value E to obtain a tenth hash value L on date; and sending the tenth hash value L to the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the digital artwork authentication center and a client for storage by using encrypted information.

The invention also aims to provide a digital artwork authentication and transaction method, which comprises the following steps:

the cochain process of the digital artwork in the authentication center;

the transaction process of the digital artwork;

the loss application process of the digital artwork; and

the storage process of the digital artwork is described above.

Preferably, the uplink process of the digital artwork in the certification center includes:

after obtaining a new digital artwork, the digital artwork issuing entity checks whether the digital artwork is real, wherein the checking comprises checking issuing entity information and checking the digital artwork itself, wherein the checking the digital artwork issuing entity information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit is true or not, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork, the artwork release date, the certificate of authenticity, the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value A, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to pack the digital artwork or hash values of different parts of the digital artwork respectively, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B, adding the date and author information and hashing again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information. A sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center, and the public can inquire the fifth hash value C but cannot obtain information of the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art, including date, author, content information, are stored on the blockchain system of the digital works of art certification center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art are sent to the digital works of art issuing organization and the related digital works of art exchange in an encrypted manner;

the transaction process of the digital artwork comprises the following steps:

the digital artwork exchange verifies the validity of the digital artwork, if the digital artwork is illegal, the transaction fails, and if the digital artwork is legal, the transaction continues;

the customer calculates a seventh hash value E and an eighth hash value G, encrypts and sends the seventh hash value E and the eighth hash value G to the digital artwork authentication center;

the digital artwork authentication center verifies the authenticity of the transaction information, and if the transaction is not authentic, the transaction fails; if the transaction is true, continuing;

verifying the correctness of the seventh hash value E and the eighth hash value G, and if the seventh hash value E and the eighth hash value G are incorrect, the transaction fails; if the transaction is correct, the transaction is successful;

the customer identity authentication center, the digital artwork issuing unit, the digital artwork transaction center and the digital artwork authentication center upload relevant information to respective block chains, and the transaction is completed;

the loss application process of the digital artwork comprises the following steps:

after the digital artwork issuing unit checks the relevant information, the digital artwork issuing unit comprises a customer identity card and confirms that the digital artwork has no transaction through the digital artwork exchange and the digital artwork authentication center in an encryption mode; the digital artwork is required to stop trading, and the original digital artwork identification card is cancelled at the same time and is no longer valid; after waiting for a period of time, the digital artwork issuing unit receives the state inquiry results of all the digital artwork and determines that no transaction exists, the digital artwork issuing party reestablishes a new digital artwork identity card according to the previous process and informs the digital artwork authentication center, the digital artwork exchange and the client;

the storage process of the digital artwork comprises three storage modes:

(1) the backup method comprises the steps of storing the backup data in cloud ends or cloud platforms, wherein each cloud end or cloud platform automatically stores at least three backups, the number of the backups can be increased, and the number of the cloud ends or cloud platforms is multiple;

(2) storing the data on the Internet, and encrypting and dispersedly storing the data on a plurality of physical memories;

(3) stored on a plurality of related blockchain systems.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the method provides a digital artwork copyright protection mechanism, a foreign public chain or any public chain for issuing coins is not used, a token is not issued, the method conforms to the Chinese law, and all intermediate processes of the mechanism are carried out by a national authority center and a national approved exchange; each procedure has a digital signature or stamp of the relevant unit; some of the material is disclosed to give public confidence.

(2) The digital artwork issuing party, the exchange, the authentication center and the client are protected by establishing a copyright protection mechanism consistent with NFT characteristics without using any public chain platform or public chain protocol and only using a complex Hash protocol and a blockchain technology, so that the digital artwork cannot be copied, cannot be cut, is limited, protects privacy, can be publicly verified by the public, and protects the digital artwork issuing party, the exchange, the authentication center and the client.

(3) Since most of the information is uplinked, no entity can cheat or modify the data without being discovered, giving greater confidence to the customer collecting the digital artwork.

The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a digital artwork transaction system architecture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a digital artwork hash data structure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a digital artwork transaction system supervisory architecture diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a chain process of certification center digital art according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a digital work of art transaction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a flow chart of a digital artwork loss application according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present invention more comprehensible with respect to its gist, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details and specific examples are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms than that described herein, there will be many equivalents to those skilled in the art which incorporate such variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

In the following description, numerous specific details and specific examples are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms than that described herein, there will be many equivalents to those skilled in the art which incorporate such variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

In the present embodiment, the scene is described by using digital works of art, wherein the digital works of art referred to in the detailed description may include pictures, words, music (such as songs, singing, concerts, MVs, etc.), characters (poems, words, novels, etc.), videos (movies, television plays, documentaries, fiction, etc.), sculptures, photographs, and the like. These can all be digitized, exist on the block chain system, can't be duplicated, can't be cut, can be authorized by the national authority unit, exist on the domestic block chain system.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a digital art authentication and transaction system, including:

all issued digital artworks are independent, cannot be copied and are not cut, so that all the issued digital artworks can be issued only by registering in the digital artwork certification center;

the digital artwork authentication center comprises a digital artwork evaluation center for providing an evaluation service for the digital artwork, and the digital artwork authentication center obtains an evaluation result of the digital artwork evaluation center and determines whether the digital artwork can become a 'digital artwork' in compliance under a national system based on the evaluation result; after the identification, the legal owner of the digital artwork can buy, sell, collect and display;

the digital artwork exchange is used for implementing the transaction of the digital artwork, and as the digital artwork is stored in an electronic environment or a virtual environment, all the transactions of the digital artwork are authenticated by the digital artwork authentication center, and the legal owner of the digital artwork after implementing the transaction of the digital artwork is determined; personnel, addresses, industrial and commercial registration information and imprints of the digital artwork exchange are registered in the digital artwork authentication center;

the digital artwork issuing entity; a digital artwork authentication center; the digital art exchange receives the supervision of a supervision unit or establishes an autonomous organization to supervise each other;

in a preferred embodiment, the digital art exchange may be an e-commerce exchange, an off-line physical store, both, or other type of exchange.

In a preferred embodiment, part of the digital artwork is not confirmed by the digital artwork authentication center, but only confirmed by the digital artwork issuing unit; in this case, the digital art certification center is not required, and the customer's confirmation of the digital art is confirmed to the issuer; confirmation of the transaction of the digital artwork by the customer and the digital artwork exchange is confirmed to the issuer.

As a preferred embodiment, each client obtains a plurality of digital identity cards and one or more digital wallets from the client identity authentication center, the digital identity cards comprise public keys and private keys, the client identity authentication center is an authority unit and is used for issuing the digital identity cards and the digital wallets after checking client identity information, the client identity authentication center stores the client identity information on a block chain system where the client identity authentication center is located, and the digital identity cards cannot be changed; the customer has a private blockchain system, such as a third party certified blockchain system, or a blockchain system that pays for joining the digital artwork certification center.

As a preferred embodiment, the digital art issue unit is used for generating digital art, and providing a certificate of guarantee and related insurance information for confirming that the digital art is truly original and has not issued for each piece of digital art; if false behavior of the digital artwork is found, corresponding penalty mechanisms, such as an expense-related license or a penalty, are provided, and the penalty is assumed by the artwork issuing entity or the insurance company; each digital artwork has an independent certificate of guarantee and insurance information; part of the digital artworks have the attribute of limited issuing, and correspondingly, each digital artwork has a limited number which is one of the identity information of the digital artworks;

referring to fig. 2, the generating of the digital artwork includes: packaging information of an author, a date and a digital artwork issuing unit to form a first digital artwork package, carrying out hash operation on the first digital artwork package to obtain a first hash value H, adding a stamp of the issuing unit to the first hash value H, and generating a second hash value M again; the second hash value M is used as public information with confidential information, namely a digital identity card of a issuing unit of the digital artwork; storing the digital artwork, author, date, digital artwork issuing unit information, first hash value H and second hash value M on a blockchain system of the artwork issuing unit and registering on a blockchain system of the digital artwork authentication center;

the digital artwork is jointly authenticated by the digital artwork issuing unit by using the first hash value H and other attributes, wherein the other attributes comprise an issuing date, an issuing place and the hash values of the issuing date and the issuing place, and the digital artwork can be determined after the hash values are generated by the attributes; the other attribute is also one of the identity information, and therefore the other attribute requires uplink.

In a preferred embodiment, the digital artwork authentication center is used for storing the information of the digital artwork; after obtaining a new digital art from the digital art issue unit, verifying whether the digital art is real digital art, wherein the verifying comprises verifying issue unit information and verifying the digital art itself, wherein the verifying the digital art issue unit information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit inquiry is real, such as inquiring a second hash value M disclosed by an issuing unit, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork and artwork related information, such as release date, certificate of authenticity and the like, and the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package, and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value a, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value a and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to obtain digital artwork packages or hash values of digital artwork packages of different parts, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value a and the fourth hash value B, adding date and other information such as author information, and hashing again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information. A sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center, and the public can inquire the fifth hash value C but cannot obtain information of the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art, including date, author, content, etc., are stored on the blockchain system of the digital works of art certification center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art are sent to the digital works of art issuing organization and the related digital works of art exchange in an encrypted manner.

As a preferred embodiment, a piece of digital art may only have one privacy single hash value, for example, the third hash value a, so that the digital identification card of the digital art is a sequence group (a, C), where the fifth hash value C is a new hash value obtained by adding the date and other information to the third hash value a. The use of double hash values increases the assurance of uniqueness since a single hash has little chance to get the same hash value as another piece of art.

As a preferred embodiment, the identification card (a, B, C, D) may be created by using 4 hash values, for example, a third hash value a, a fourth hash value B, a fifth hash value C being hash values of digital works of art obtained by using different hash algorithms, or hash values for different parts of the same digital work of art, and a sixth hash value D being a hash value obtained by hashing again (a, B, C) with date and other information. In a first solution, the sixth hash value D is public, while the third hash value a, the fourth hash value B, the fifth hash value C are encrypted; or the second scheme, the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B are kept secret, and the fifth hash value C and the sixth hash value D are public. The first is safer and the second gives the public more confidence that digital artwork is unique.

As a preferred embodiment, more hash values, such as 5 or 6 hash values, may be used to create the digital identification card. But each additional hash value increases the confidence only a little bit.

Referring to fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment, the blockchain of the digital artwork authentication center is supervised by a regulatory or judicial unit, such as a notary, court, etc. The key data is completely arranged on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center, a judicial unit is provided with a verification center, the verification center can add unit information, date and other information, such as an examiner identity card and the like, hash operation is carried out again to obtain a seventh hash value F, and the seventh hash value F is sent back to the digital artwork authentication center in an encryption mode to be stored.

The fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F are both digital identification cards given to a piece of digital artwork by the digital artwork authentication unit, the fifth hash value C is an authentication center digital identification card issued by a digital artwork authentication center, the seventh hash value F is a digital identification card with a judicial unit imprint, and the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F are public information with confidential information (as hash values). At the digital artwork authentication center, a piece of digital artwork may have three digital identification cards consisting of a sequence (M, C, F), or two digital identification cards consisting of a sequence of a second hash value M, a fifth hash value C; of course, the seventh hash value F may replace the fifth hash value C, or the seventh hash value F and the fifth hash value C may be publicly used.

The authentication center sends the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F (if any) information back to the digital artwork issuing entity in an encrypted manner. The digital art issue unit may store the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F in a blockchain of the digital art issue unit and disclose information of the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F.

If there is another piece of digital artwork, a fifth hash value C is also disclosed. The digital artwork authentication center may hash to verify whether it has different first and second hash values a and B, respectively. Since the first hash value A and the second hash value B are stored in the block chain, the authenticity of the digital artwork can be judged through query.

In a preferred embodiment, each party required for the transaction associated with the digital art exchange includes a digital art, a seller, a buyer, a physical exchange or an e-commerce and an authentication center. The information of the digital artwork is firstly transmitted to a digital artwork exchange; the digital artwork trading exchange respectively checks the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner to the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit, and verifies the real identity card of the customer; if the digital artwork exchange trades the same digital artwork in the past, the digital artwork exchange can check its own database (possibly in a blockchain system) to determine whether the digital artwork is sold for the first time or has an existing owner; if the digital artwork is sold for the first time, the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner can be verified and checked by the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit and then the digital artwork can be sold; if the digital artwork already has an owner, the digital artwork exchange verifies whether the owner is a legitimate owner and whether the transaction has been settled, and if not, the digital artwork cannot be sold; after a customer purchases a piece of digital artwork and owns the digital artwork, carrying out hash operation on a customer identity card, a wallet and the fifth hash value C to obtain an eighth hash value E, carrying out hash operation on the eighth hash value E, transaction time, information of a digital artwork exchange and an identity card of the digital artwork exchange to obtain a ninth hash value G, sending the ninth hash value G to the digital artwork authentication center by using an encryption algorithm, and then enabling the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G to become public information; the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G are sent to the customer by the associated digital artwork exchange as a proof that the customer owns the digital artwork. Because only the hash value is used, no relevant plaintext information exists, and the digital artwork and the client have privacy. The eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G are sent to the customer in an encrypted manner to verify the customer's ownership of the digital artwork. The digital artwork exchange authenticates the customer with the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G. For example, a seller who wants to sell a digital art product, provides his/her own digital identification card, the last transaction information, the second hash value M, (C, F) and (E, G) information to the exchange, and can verify whether the owner owns the digital art product.

In a preferred embodiment, only the ninth hash value G may be used as the certificate of possession of the digital work of art. But use dual credentials increases trust.

And after receiving the information, the digital artwork authentication center verifies whether the transaction information is real again, including whether the related digital artwork is real, the identity card of the previous owner, the identity card of the new owner, all past possession proofs and the like, and if the transaction information is real, the database is updated and recorded on the corresponding block chain. The owner of a digital work of art being examined can recalculate (E, G) the verification of this information by means of the customer identification card and the identification card of the digital work of art, and also by means of the transaction record of the digital work of art. If the verification is successful, new (E, G) information is disclosed. And if the verification is not passed, notifying the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, and the customer of the failure to pass the transaction. The relevant entity rolls back the transaction.

As a preferred embodiment, the issuing entity may sell digital artwork using the same protocol.

As a preferred embodiment, the eighth hash value E may be obtained using (customer id, wallet, ninth hash value F) or (customer id, wallet, fifth hash value C, ninth hash value F). The wallet stores not a token like a currency circle, but a relevant hash value, and since a change in the hash value changes the identity card and ownership, the wallet needs to be protected with emphasis.

As a preferred embodiment, the hash value E may be sent to a judicial verification center for verification by using an encryption algorithm, and after verification, the judicial unit uses (hash value E, date, other relevant information) to obtain the tenth hash value L. The hash value L is stored using the encryption information to the exchange, the certificate authority, the issuing entity, and the customer.

As a preferred embodiment, the blockchain transaction rollback may be performed using the method in "a rollback-able blockchain transaction design method" (202011095032.6) or other rollback mechanisms. And the digital artwork exchange stores the customer identity card, the wallet, the fifth hash value C, the sixth hash value D, the seventh hash value E, the eighth hash value F, the ninth hash value G and the tenth hash value L as an information set in a block chain of the digital artwork exchange. The digital artwork exchange sends the same information or a portion of the information back to all relevant entities and customers that generated the hash value. And after receiving the information sets, the related units store the information sets to respective block chain systems. And after receiving the information sets, the clients store the information sets into respective blockchain systems. .

If a person makes a fake, the person is proposed to have a specific digital artwork, and if the person is hashed with the identity card, the wallet and the fifth hash value C (public), whether the sixth hash value D is obtained is checked, and then the seventh hash value E (public) is verified, whether the person is false is known.

The embodiment also provides a digital artwork authentication and transaction method, which comprises the following steps:

the cochain process of the digital artwork in the authentication center;

the transaction process of the digital artwork;

the loss application process of the digital artwork; and

the storage process of the digital artwork is described above.

As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment, the uplink process of the digital artwork in the certification center includes:

after obtaining a new digital artwork, the digital artwork issuing entity checks whether the digital artwork is real, wherein the checking comprises checking issuing entity information and checking the digital artwork itself, wherein the checking the digital artwork issuing entity information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit inquiry is real, such as inquiring a second hash value M disclosed by an issuing unit, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork and artwork related information, such as release date, certificate of authenticity and the like, and the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package, and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value a, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value a and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to obtain digital artwork packages or hash values of digital artwork packages of different parts, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value a and the fourth hash value B, adding date and other information such as author information, and hashing again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information. A sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center, and the public can inquire the fifth hash value C but cannot obtain information of the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art, including date, author, content, etc., are stored on the blockchain system of the digital works of art certification center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art are sent to the digital works of art issuing organization and the related digital works of art exchange in an encrypted manner.

As shown in fig. 5, the transaction flow of the digital artwork includes:

the customer identity authentication center, the digital artwork issuing unit, the digital artwork transaction center and the digital artwork authentication center upload relevant information to respective block chains, and the transaction is completed.

The system also comprises a financial institution, the digital artwork issuing unit, the digital artwork exchange, the client magical person authentication center and the financial institution, wherein a blockchain transaction system is added to the financial institution, relevant transaction information of each transaction is uploaded to the blockchain transaction system, and the relevant transaction information comprises a digital artwork identity card, an identity card of a previous owner, an identity card of a new owner, transaction time, a transaction place, an identity card of the digital artwork exchange and new possession certificates (E, G) sent by the digital artwork authentication center.

The transaction can use a block chain transaction mode, and all nodes receive the same information after consensus. The digital artwork authentication center must participate in the operation of the transaction blockchain because it needs to authenticate the authenticity and ownership of the digital artwork.

In a preferred embodiment, if there is an issuing entity, an exchange, and an e-commerce company, which are not joined to the blockchain transaction system, it takes a lot of time to participate in the operation of the blockchain transaction system through a proxy.

In a preferred embodiment, a region or a literature and art area may have its own authentication blockchain network, and the authentication blockchain network is a hierarchical blockchain network system composed of multiple layers. For example, a "digital novel" may be processed by one blockchain system, a "digital poem" may be processed by another blockchain system, a "digital sculpture" may be processed by a third blockchain system, and so on. The block chain systems can form a two-layer block chain network system, the first layer manages digital assets of the whole country or regional artwork, and a high-layer chain is formed by digital novels, digital poems and digital sculptures; the nodes of each higher-level chain are in turn connected to a second layer blockchain network system, e.g., the digital novel nodes in the higher-level chain are connected to a second layer digital novel blockchain network system, which is used to manage the details of the digital assets.

Referring to fig. 6, as a preferred embodiment, the process of the missing application of the digital artwork includes:

without issuing tokens, the loss of value for a digital token by losing a token does not occur. Ownership here lies in: a plurality of hash values stored in a customer wallet, a digital artwork issuing entity, a digital artwork exchange, a digital artwork authentication center, and a judicial verification center. If the customer wallet is lost or forgets the private key, the digital artwork issuing entity may be required to reissue the certificate.

After the digital artwork issuing unit checks the relevant information, the relevant information comprises a customer identity card and the like, and the digital artwork is confirmed to have no transaction through the digital artwork exchange and the digital artwork authentication center in an encryption mode; the digital artwork is required to stop trading, and the original digital artwork identification card is cancelled at the same time and is no longer valid; after waiting for a period of time, for example, one month, the digital art issuing entity receives the status inquiry results of all the digital arts and determines that there is no transaction, the digital art issuing party reestablishes a new digital art identification card according to the previous procedure and notifies the digital art authentication center, the digital art exchange, and the customer. The procedure uses the protocol described previously.

As a preferred embodiment, the storage process of the digital artwork includes:

since digital art exists only in the electronic world, there is no physical space. The corresponding artwork may exist in physical space, and the digital version is only stored in an electronic or virtual environment. To ensure that the digital version of the material is not lost, all the material needs to be stored in a stable place. The method comprises the following storage modes:

(1) the backup method comprises the steps that the backup method is stored in a cloud end or a cloud platform, at least three backups are automatically stored in each cloud end or cloud platform, the number of the backups can be increased, and the cloud ends or the cloud platforms are multiple, so that if one cloud end or cloud platform crashes, the backup cloud end or cloud platform can be ensured.

(2) The data is stored on the Internet, and the data is encrypted and dispersedly stored on a plurality of physical storages.

(3) Stored on a plurality of related blockchain systems having a plurality of backups, e.g., stored on two chains, each chain having four storage locations, thus comprising eight backups in total.

Application scenarios of the specific embodiments:

a customer needs to go to a customer certification authority, get a digital identification card (including public and private keys), and get a digital wallet. The customer authentication center is an authoritative entity, and the digital identity card and the digital wallet are issued after the customer identity is checked. The customer authentication center stores the customer information on the blockchain system of the customer authentication center. The customer identification card cannot be changed, but the digital wallet may be plural.

A digital art issuing unit needs to be registered in a digital art certification center. And packaging each new digital artwork, calculating the hash, packaging again and calculating the hash again. The authenticity of the digital artwork is guaranteed by two hashes. And places this information on the blockchain system. The digital artwork issuing entity may have its own blockchain system or use the blockchain system of the federation.

A digital artwork transaction needs to have a digital identity card of the digital artwork transaction and register in a digital artwork authentication center, wherein the digital artwork transaction comprises related information, marks and the like. The digital artwork transaction requires a certificate of authenticity to be provided for each transaction, the authenticity of the digital artwork to be sold and the legitimate possession of the seller, and settlement to be made. The digital artwork exchange may verify the authenticity of the digital artwork from the digital artwork issuing entity and the digital artwork authentication center. After the transaction, the digital artwork exchange changes the owner information, informs the digital artwork authentication center of storing the certificate, and stores the related information on the block chain system.

The digital artwork authentication center receives a new digital artwork, searches related materials on a database and a block chain system of the digital artwork authentication center to verify the authenticity of the new digital artwork, and checks the authenticity of the new digital artwork from a digital artwork issuer and the like. And if the digital artwork is real, sending the digital artwork identification card to a digital artwork issuing unit.

Because the digital artwork authentication center publishes the public hash information of the digital artwork, a client, a digital artwork exchange and a supervision unit can inquire the authenticity of the digital artwork and whether the digital artwork has an owner. The owner changes, the digital artwork authentication center is correspondingly updated, but the hash value of the identity card of the digital artwork is not changed, and the ownership of a new owner is guaranteed. But since much information is not disclosed, the digital artwork cannot be copied and can only be verified. Because the digital artwork issuer and the digital artwork authentication center are intercommunicated, if excessive issuance occurs or counterfeit occurs, the digital artwork can be identified and discovered quickly. Because the digital artwork issuer, the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork authentication center and the like all store relevant information, the digital artwork cannot be lost.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by the embodiments but only by the appended claims. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system, comprising:

a customer identity card authentication center; a digital artwork issuing entity; a digital artwork authentication center; a digital artwork exchange; and a plurality of blockchain systems; wherein:

2. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 1, wherein: the digital art exchange is an e-commerce exchange, an off-line physical store, both, or other type of exchange.

3. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 1, wherein: part of the digital artwork is not required to be confirmed by the digital artwork authentication center, but only required to be confirmed by the digital artwork issuing unit; in this case, the digital art certification center is not required, and the customer's confirmation of the digital art is confirmed to the issuer; confirmation of the transaction of the digital artwork by the customer and the digital artwork exchange is confirmed to the issuer.

4. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 1, wherein: each client obtains a plurality of digital identity cards and one or more digital wallets from the client identity authentication center, the digital identity cards comprise public keys and private keys, the client identity authentication center is an authority unit and is used for issuing the digital identity cards and the digital wallets after checking client identity information, the client identity authentication center stores the client identity information on a block chain system where the client identity authentication center is located, and the digital identity cards cannot be changed; the customer has a private blockchain system or a blockchain system that pays for joining the digital artwork authentication center.

5. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 1, wherein: the digital artwork issuing unit is used for generating digital artwork and issuing a certificate of guarantee and related insurance information for confirming that the digital artwork is truly original and has not been issued for each piece of the digital artwork; if false behavior of the digital artwork is found, corresponding penalty mechanisms, such as an expense-related license or a penalty, are provided, and the penalty is assumed by the artwork issuing entity or the insurance company; each digital artwork has an independent certificate of guarantee and insurance information; part of the digital artworks have the attribute of limited issuing, and correspondingly, each digital artwork has a limited number which is one of the identity information of the digital artworks;

6. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 5, wherein: the digital artwork authentication center is used for storing the information of the digital artwork; after obtaining a new digital art from the digital art issue unit, verifying whether the digital art is real digital art, wherein the verifying comprises verifying issue unit information and verifying the digital art itself, wherein the verifying the digital art issue unit information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit is true or not, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork, artwork related information, the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package, and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value A, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to pack the digital artwork or hash values of different parts of the digital artwork respectively, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B and adding other date information such as author information to hash again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information; a sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital artwork are stored on a blockchain system of the digital artwork authentication center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital artwork are sent to the digital artwork issuing unit and the related digital artwork exchange in an encrypted manner.

7. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 6, wherein: a piece of digital art may have only one privacy ticket hash value, such as a third hash value a, so that the digital identification card of the digital art is a sequence group (a, C), where the fifth hash value C is a new hash value obtained by adding the date and other information to the third hash value a; identity cards can also be established using more than 3 hash values; the block chain of the digital artwork authentication center is supervised by a supervision unit or a judicial unit, the judicial unit is provided with a verification center, unit information, date and examiner identity card are added to the verification center, hash operation is carried out again to obtain a seventh hash value F, and the seventh hash value F is sent to the digital artwork authentication center in an encryption mode to be stored; the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F are both digital identity cards endowed to a digital artwork by the digital artwork authentication unit, the fifth hash value C is an authentication center digital identity card issued by a digital artwork authentication center, and the seventh hash value F is a digital identity card with judicial unit imprint; the digital artwork authentication center sends the information of the fifth hash value C and/or the seventh hash value F back to the digital artwork issuing unit in an encryption mode; the digital art issue unit stores the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F in a blockchain of the digital art issue unit, and discloses information of the fifth hash value C and the seventh hash value F.

8. A digital work of art authentication and transaction system according to claim 7, wherein: each party required by the transaction related to the digital artwork transaction exchange comprises a digital artwork, a seller, a buyer, the digital artwork transaction and the digital artwork authentication center; the information of the digital artwork is firstly transmitted to a digital artwork exchange; the digital artwork trading exchange respectively checks the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner to the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit, and verifies the real identity card of the customer; if the digital artwork exchange trades the same digital artwork in the past, checking a database of the exchange to determine whether the digital artwork is sold for the first time or has an existing owner; if the digital artwork is sold for the first time, the digital identity card of the digital artwork to be traded and the existing owner can be verified and checked by the digital artwork authentication center and the digital artwork issuing unit and then the digital artwork can be sold; if the digital artwork already has an owner, the digital artwork exchange verifies whether the owner is a legitimate owner and whether the transaction has been settled, and if not, the digital artwork cannot be sold; after a customer purchases a piece of digital artwork and owns the digital artwork, carrying out hash operation on a customer identity card, a wallet and the fifth hash value C to obtain an eighth hash value E, carrying out hash operation on the eighth hash value E, transaction time, information of a digital artwork exchange and an identity card of the digital artwork exchange to obtain a ninth hash value G, sending the ninth hash value G to the digital artwork authentication center by using an encryption algorithm, and then enabling the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G to become public information; the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G are sent to the client by a related digital artwork exchange to serve as a certificate for the client to own the digital artwork; said eighth hash value E and said ninth hash value G are sent to the customer in an encrypted manner to verify the customer's ownership of the digital artwork; the digital artwork transaction verifies whether the customer is the owner of the digital artwork by using the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G or only the ninth hash value G; after receiving the information, the digital artwork authentication center verifies whether the transaction information is real or not again, wherein the verification information comprises whether the relevant digital artwork is real or not, the identity card of the previous owner, the identity card of the new owner and all past possession proofs; if true, updating the database and recording the database on the corresponding block chain; or checking that the owner of one digital artwork is verified through the identity card of the client and the identity card of the digital artwork or through the transaction record of the digital artwork, and recalculating the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G; if the verification is successful, disclosing new information of the eighth hash value E and the ninth hash value G; if the verification is not passed, notifying the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the customer of the information that the transaction is not passed; the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the customer rollback the transaction; the eighth hash value E can be sent to a judicial verification center for verification by using an encryption algorithm, and after verification, a judicial unit uses the eighth hash value E to obtain a tenth hash value L on date; and sending the tenth hash value L to the digital artwork exchange, the digital artwork issuing entity, the digital artwork authentication center and a client for storage by using encrypted information.

9. A digital artwork authentication and transaction method according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising:

the cochain process of the digital artwork in the authentication center;

the transaction process of the digital artwork;

the loss application process of the digital artwork; and

the storage process of the digital artwork is described above.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the digital art work authentication and transaction process at the authentication center comprises:

after obtaining a new digital artwork, the digital artwork issuing entity checks whether the digital artwork is real, wherein the checking comprises checking issuing entity information and checking the digital artwork itself, wherein the checking the digital artwork issuing entity information comprises: inquiring whether the digital artwork issuing unit is true or not, and checking through a block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit if the digital artwork issuing unit registers information on the block chain system of the digital artwork issuing unit; said checking of said digital artwork itself comprises: the digital artwork authentication center performs digital artwork project similarity examination through a big data platform; after the digital artwork is inspected, the digital artwork authentication center packs the digital artwork, the artwork release date, the certificate of authenticity, the first hash value H and the second hash value M together to form a second digital artwork package and then performs hash operation to generate three new hash values, namely a third hash value A, a fourth hash value B and a fifth hash value C, wherein the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are hash values obtained by respectively using different hash algorithms to pack the digital artwork or hash values of different parts of the digital artwork respectively, and the fifth hash value C is a hash value obtained by combining the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B, adding the date and author information and hashing again; the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B are secret information, and the fifth hash value C is public information;

a sequence group (A, B, C) formed by the third hash value A, the fourth hash value B and the fifth hash value C is a digital identity card of the digital artwork needing to be authenticated and is stored on a block chain of the digital artwork authentication center, and the public can inquire the fifth hash value C but cannot obtain information of the third hash value A and the fourth hash value B; the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art, including date, author, content information, are stored on the blockchain system of the digital works of art certification center, and the sequence group (a, B, C) and the information of the digital works of art are sent to the digital works of art issuing organization and the related digital works of art exchange in an encrypted manner;

the transaction process of the digital artwork comprises the following steps:

the storage process of the digital artwork comprises three storage modes:

(3) stored on a plurality of related blockchain systems.