CN114154345B - Visual reference establishing method and system based on expert visual reference model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual reference establishing method and a system based on an expert pilot visual reference model. The visual reference establishing module is used for calling a corresponding visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot from the visual reference model of the expert pilot according to the landing stage information, and when the pilot performs landing operation, the visual reference is established according to the visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot, so that the landing operation training time is shortened, and the landing operation skill is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil aviation flight safety, and particularly relates to a landing stage visual reference establishing method and system based on an expert pilot visual reference model.
Background
Landing is a critical flight phase. The ground visual reference during landing can provide necessary transverse and longitudinal information elements for the pilot, and the ground visual reference is used as a basis for sensing and judging the motion state of the airplane, and the pilot is required to obtain and keep the ground visual reference continuously visible when the pilot performs visual approach in operation. Under the condition of normal visibility, the runway and various peripheral marks (objects) are visible, visual information is more, visual references at different height stages are different, especially at the low height stage before grounding, the time and space margin for correcting deviation is small, and the control of the airplane by the unit is directly influenced by undefined or wrong visual references. According to the information analysis of the unsafe event library of the Chinese civil aviation (CAAC), events such as heavy landing, interruption of approach/missed approach and the like are related to the visual reference required after the altitude is determined, and the analysis conclusion of the events which occur in the final approach stage and are related to the visual reference in the domestic and foreign civil aviation is consistent.
The unit operation manual of some models proposes to utilize visual reference of the runway, mainly emphasizes the effect of the visual reference on the runway in the leveling stage, and does not explicitly indicate the visual reference method and the specific sight position which are suitable for each altitude stage. The visual reference method established based on the operation experience has the problems of inconsistency and instability, and influences the situational awareness and the flight control quality of the unit. The instructor lacks a consistent training method and a corresponding theoretical basis in training, so that the landing maneuvering skills related to the instructor lack a targeted improvement method.
By taking the empirical research result as a basis, the runway visual reference method based on the expert pilots is established, the operation risk caused by wrong experience can be avoided, and the defect of poor landing performance of mature pilots caused by improper visual mode is improved. The training time of landing operation can be shortened by providing the visual reference method for the trainees in the initial training stage, and the risk handling capability of the key stage can be improved by using the correct visual reference method along with the improvement of the skill level.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method and a system for establishing a visual reference by applying an expert pilot visual reference model to a landing stage, so that the training time of a trainee for landing operation training is shortened, and the risk response capability of the trainee in a key stage is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a visual reference establishing method based on an expert pilot visual reference model, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring flight altitude data, and determining current landing stage information according to the flight altitude data;
acquiring an expert pilot visual reference establishing method from an expert pilot visual reference establishing model according to the landing stage information;
the pilot refers to the expert pilot visual reference establishing method, landing operation is carried out, and pilot eye movement index data and landing operation index data are collected;
analyzing the eye movement index data and the landing operation index data to obtain the staring behavior characteristics and the landing operation performance of the pilot;
and carrying out landing performance evaluation according to the gazing behavior characteristics and the landing manipulation performance.
According to the invention, through the visual reference model of the expert pilot, the pilot can avoid the operation risk caused by wrong experience by means of the visual reference establishment method of the mature expert pilot when the pilot performs the landing operation, and the defect of the mature pilot in the landing performance caused by improper visual mode is improved. In addition, the expert pilot visual reference model is applied to the pilot landing operation training, the landing operation training time of the pilot in the primary stage can be shortened, and the risk coping capability of the pilot in the key stage can be improved by utilizing the visual reference establishing method provided by the expert pilot visual reference model along with the upgrading of the pilot landing technical grade.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing stage information comprises the names of the landing stages and the landing altitude intervals, and the corresponding names of the landing stages are determined according to the landing altitude intervals corresponding to the flight altitude data.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing stage name comprises a leveling preparation stage, a leveling starting stage and a leveling post-stage; the landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the eye movement index data comprise the number of fixation points, fixation duration, eye jump times and eye jump distance, and the eye movement index data are analyzed through a variance analysis method to obtain the fixation behavior characteristics of a pilot in different landing altitude intervals; wherein the gaze behavior characteristics are a gaze location of the pilot at the gaze area of interest and a corresponding gaze location movement.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the expert pilot visual reference establishing method and the corresponding landing stage information are stored in the expert pilot visual reference establishing model; and acquiring a corresponding expert pilot visual reference establishing method from the expert pilot visual reference establishing model by using the landing stage information and prompting.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the watching interest area comprises a runway near section, a runway middle section and a runway end section; the expert pilot visual reference establishing model divides the expert pilot visual reference establishing method into a leveling preparation stage visual reference establishing method, a leveling starting stage visual reference establishing method and a leveling post-stage visual reference establishing method according to the staring behavior characteristics of different staring interest areas of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method in the leveling preparation stage comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is the near section of the runway, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from the runway threshold sign, gradually forward along the runway center area as the aircraft position changes.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the visual reference establishing model of the expert pilot, the visual reference establishing method at the beginning stage of the leveling process comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is mainly the runway near section, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving along the center area of the runway toward the middle section of the runway as the aircraft position changes.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method in the post-leveling stage comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is mainly the runway middle section, namely the runway area is a second grounding area mark and the end of the grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving forward as the aircraft position changes until grounding.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing operation performance indexes comprise landing positions, landing loads, landing operation stability, landing postures, landing yaw angles and landing gradients; and the landing manipulation performance is combined with the gazing behavior characteristic to obtain a landing performance evaluation.
According to the visual reference establishing method based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the expert pilot visual reference establishing model comprises the expert pilot staring behavior characteristics and the expert pilot visual reference establishing method, and the expert pilot visual reference establishing model is established through the following steps:
collecting eye movement index data of an expert pilot and landing operation index data of the expert pilot;
analyzing the expert pilot eye movement index data and the expert pilot landing operation index data to obtain the expert pilot staring behavior characteristics and the expert pilot landing operation performance of different landing altitude intervals; the expert pilot fixation behavior characteristics are that the expert pilot fixation position and the expert pilot fixation position of the expert pilot in the fixation interest area move;
analyzing the correlation between the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation performance of the expert pilot, and determining the visual establishment method of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals according to the correlation analysis result;
and constructing a visual reference establishment model of the expert pilot according to the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot and the corresponding landing stage information.
The invention also provides a visual reference establishing system based on the visual reference model of the expert pilot, and the visual reference establishing method is applied to the visual reference establishing system and comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a visual reference establishing module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring landing stage data and transmitting the landing stage data to the data analysis module for analysis;
the data analysis module acquires landing stage information by analyzing the landing stage data and sends the landing stage information to the visual reference establishment module;
and the visual reference establishing module acquires the expert pilot visual reference establishing method from the expert pilot visual reference model through the landing stage information and prompts the expert pilot visual reference establishing method.
According to the invention, when a pilot performs landing operation, the data acquisition module of the visual reference building system is used for acquiring the data of the current landing stage, and the information of the landing stage is sent to the data analysis module for analysis, so that the information of the landing stage in the current state is determined. The landing stage information is sent to the visual reference establishing module, the visual reference establishing module is used for calling the visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot in the current stage from the visual reference model of the expert pilot through the landing stage information, so that the pilot can establish the visual reference by referring to the visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot, the visual reference establishing method of the pilot is improved, the landing operation training practice of the pilot is shortened, and the landing operation technology is improved.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the data acquisition module comprises a flight altitude data acquisition unit, an eye movement index data acquisition unit and a landing operation index data acquisition unit; the data analysis module comprises a landing stage analysis unit, a landing operation behavior analysis unit and a landing performance evaluation unit; the visual reference establishing module comprises a visual reference establishing method obtaining unit and a visual reference establishing method prompting unit; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the flight altitude data acquisition unit is used for acquiring flight altitude data and sending the flight altitude data to the landing stage analysis unit for analysis;
the eye movement index data acquisition unit is used for acquiring eye movement index data of a pilot and sending the eye movement index data to the landing operation behavior analysis unit for analysis;
the landing control index data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the landing control index data of a pilot and sending the landing control index data to the landing control behavior analysis unit for analysis;
the landing stage analysis unit acquires landing stage information by analyzing the flight altitude data and sends the landing stage information to the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit;
the expert pilot visual reference establishing method obtaining unit is used for calling the expert pilot visual reference establishing method according to the landing stage information;
the landing manipulation behavior analysis unit acquires the staring behavior characteristics and the landing manipulation performance of the pilot by analyzing the eye movement index data and the landing manipulation index data of the pilot, and sends the staring behavior characteristics and the landing manipulation performance to the landing performance evaluation unit for landing performance evaluation;
and the landing performance evaluation unit evaluates the landing operation performance according to the gazing behavior characteristic and the landing operation performance.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing stage information comprises the names of the landing stages and the landing altitude intervals, and the landing stage analysis unit determines the corresponding names of the landing stages according to the landing altitude intervals corresponding to the flight altitude data.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing stage name comprises a leveling preparation stage, a leveling starting stage and a leveling post-stage; the landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the eye movement index data comprise the number of fixation points, fixation duration, eye jump times and eye jump distance, and the fixation behavior analyzing unit obtains the fixation behavior characteristics of a pilot in different landing altitude intervals through a variance analysis method; wherein the gaze behavior characteristics are a gaze location of the pilot at the gaze area of interest and a corresponding gaze location movement.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing module further comprises a visual reference method prompting unit; the expert pilot visual reference establishing method and the corresponding landing stage information are stored in the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method obtaining unit obtains the corresponding expert pilot visual reference establishing method from the expert pilot visual reference establishing model through the landing stage information, and the visual reference establishing method prompting unit prompts the model.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the watching interest area comprises a runway near section, a runway middle section and a runway end section; the expert pilot visual reference establishing model divides the expert pilot visual reference establishing method into a leveling preparation stage visual reference establishing method, a leveling starting stage visual reference establishing method and a leveling post stage visual reference establishing method according to the staring behavior characteristics of different staring interest areas of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method in the leveling preparation stage comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is the near section of the runway, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from the runway threshold marker, gradually moving forward along the runway center area as the aircraft position changes.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method in the leveling starting stage comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is mainly the runway near section, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the airplane, gradually moving along the central area of the runway toward the middle section of the runway as the airplane position changes.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the visual reference establishing method in the post-leveling stage comprises the following steps: the watching interest area is mainly the runway middle section, namely the runway area is a second grounding area mark and is ended by a grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving forward as the aircraft position changes, until the ground is reached.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the landing operation indexes comprise landing positions, landing loads, landing operation stability, landing postures, landing yaw angles and landing gradients; the landing performance evaluation unit combines the landing manipulation performance and the gazing behavior characteristic to obtain a landing performance evaluation.
According to the visual reference establishing system based on the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the expert pilot visual reference establishing model comprises the expert pilot staring behavior characteristics and the expert pilot visual reference establishing method, and the expert pilot visual reference establishing model is established through the following steps:
collecting eye movement index data of an expert pilot and landing operation index data of the expert pilot;
analyzing the expert pilot eye movement index data and the expert pilot landing operation index data to obtain the expert pilot staring behavior characteristics and the expert pilot landing operation performance of different landing altitude intervals; the expert pilot fixation behavior characteristics are that an expert pilot fixation position and a corresponding expert pilot fixation position of an expert pilot in a fixation interest area move;
analyzing the correlation between the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation performance of the expert pilot, and determining the visual establishment method of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals according to the correlation analysis result;
and constructing a visual reference establishment model of the expert pilot according to the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot and the corresponding landing stage information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: when the aircraft landing operation training is carried out on the pilot, the standard and consistent visual reference establishing method is provided for the pilot through the expert pilot visual reference establishing model, the operation risk caused by wrong experience can be avoided, and the defect of poor landing performance of a mature pilot caused by improper visual mode is improved. The visual reference method is provided for the trainees in the initial training stage, so that the training time of landing operation can be shortened, and the risk coping capacity of the key stage can be improved by using the correct visual reference method along with the improvement of the skill level. In addition, the method can evaluate the landing operation of the pilot at this time, so that a targeted improvement method can be provided for the landing operation skills of different pilots.
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The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram illustrating one embodiment of an expert pilot visual reference model based visual reference creation system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a method flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention of a method for visual reference establishment based on an expert pilot visual reference model.
FIG. 3 is a method flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of an expert pilot visual reference model creation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is noted that the aspects described below in connection with the figures and the specific embodiments are only illustrative and should not be construed as imposing any limitation on the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram illustrating an embodiment of an expert pilot visual reference modeling based visual reference creation system (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as a visual reference creation system) according to the present description. As shown in fig. 1, the visual reference creation system includes a data acquisition module a, a data analysis module B, and a visual reference creation module C. The data acquisition module A is used for acquiring flight altitude data of an aircraft in a landing stage, eye movement index data of a pilot and landing operation index data, and transmitting the flight altitude data and the eye movement index data to the data analysis module B for analysis. The data analysis module B determines the current landing altitude interval of the airplane and the corresponding landing stage information by analyzing the flight altitude data, and acquires the staring behavior characteristics of the pilot in the corresponding landing altitude interval by analyzing the eye movement index data of the pilot. And the visual reference establishing module C calls a corresponding visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot from the visual reference model of the expert pilot according to the landing stage information and prompts the pilot who is performing landing operation to the visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot in the current landing high area.
Specifically, when the pilot operates the aircraft to land, the visual reference establishing system is started, and the data acquisition module A, the data analysis module B and the visual reference establishing module C enter the running state. The data acquisition module A comprises a flight altitude data acquisition unit A1 and an eye movement index data acquisition unit A2, the data acquisition module A acquires flight altitude data of the airplane through the flight altitude data acquisition unit A1, and acquires eye movement index data of a pilot who performs landing operation through the eye movement index data acquisition unit A2. After the data acquisition module A acquires the flight height data and the eye movement index data, the flight height data and the eye movement index data are transmitted to the data analysis module B for analysis.
Further, in the present embodiment, the data analysis module B includes a landing stage analysis unit B1 and a gaze behavior feature analysis unit B2. After the landing stage analysis unit B1 and the gazing behavior feature analysis unit B2 receive the flight altitude data and the eye movement index data, respectively, the landing stage analysis unit B1 determines a currently corresponding landing altitude interval according to the flight altitude data, and then acquires the landing stage information in the current state. The staring behavior characteristic analysis unit B2 obtains the staring behavior characteristic of the pilot in the current landing altitude interval by analyzing the eye movement index data of the pilot. The gazing behavior characteristics comprise a gazing position and a gazing position movement, and the gazing behavior characteristic analysis unit B2 can be used for analyzing and obtaining the gazing position of the pilot in each interest area and the corresponding gazing position movement in different landing altitude intervals. And after the visual reference system completes the data analysis of the landing stage through the data analysis module B, the visual reference establishment module C is used for acquiring the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot in the current landing altitude interval.
Further, in the present embodiment, the visual reference establishing module C includes a visual reference establishing method obtaining unit C1 and a visual reference prompting unit C2. The visual reference establishment method acquisition unit C1 acquires a corresponding visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot from the visual reference model of the expert pilot according to the landing stage information determined by the landing stage analysis unit B1, and prompts the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot to the pilot who carries out the landing operation through the visual reference prompting unit C2.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a visual reference establishment method according to an embodiment of the visual reference establishment method based on the expert pilot visual reference model (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a visual reference establishment method for short) described in this specification, which may be applied to a visual reference establishment system based on the expert pilot visual reference model, and this embodiment is further described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, in step 1, the visual reference establishing system acquires the flight altitude data through the flight altitude data acquiring unit A1, and acquires the landing altitude interval through the landing stage analyzing unit B1. When a pilot steers the airplane to carry out landing training, the visual reference establishing system in the running state collects airplane data, judges the current landing high area interval where the airplane is located, and further obtains corresponding landing stage information.
Specifically, when the pilot performs landing operation, the data acquisition module a acquires the flight altitude data of the aircraft through the flight altitude data acquisition unit A1, and then transmits the flight altitude data to the landing stage analysis unit B1 for analysis, thereby determining whether the aircraft enters the landing stage, and acquiring the landing stage information of different landing altitude intervals after entering the landing stage.
In an embodiment, the landing stage information includes a name of the landing stage and a corresponding landing altitude interval, and the landing stage analysis unit B1 divides the landing stage into a leveling preparation stage, a leveling start stage and a leveling post stage according to different landing altitude intervals. The landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft. After the landing stage analysis unit B1 acquires the flight altitude data, the current landing stage of the airplane is judged according to the landing altitude interval corresponding to the flight altitude data, and the acquired landing stage information is sent to the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit C1 to execute the step 2.
Further, in the present embodiment, the visual reference establishing system in step 2 obtains the expert pilot visual reference establishing method through the landing stage analysis unit B1.
Specifically, after the landing stage analysis unit B1 sends the landing stage information to the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit C1, the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit C1 calls a corresponding expert pilot visual reference method from the expert pilot visual reference model according to the landing stage information.
Further, in the present embodiment, the expert pilot visual reference model stores the expert pilot visual reference methods and the corresponding landing stage information in different landing altitude intervals, the visual reference establishment method obtaining unit C1 retrieves the expert pilot visual reference method corresponding to the landing stage from the expert pilot visual reference establishment model according to the landing stage information, and prompts the current landing stage information and the corresponding expert pilot visual reference establishment method to the pilot performing the landing operation through the visual reference prompting unit C2, and then step 3 is executed.
Further, in the present embodiment, the data acquisition module a further includes a landing operation index data acquisition unit A3, and in step 3, the visual reference establishment system acquires eye movement index data and landing operation index data of the pilot through the eye movement data index data acquisition unit A2 and the landing operation data acquisition unit A3.
Specifically, after the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit C1 acquires the expert pilot visual reference establishment method, the pilot establishes a visual reference with reference to the expert pilot visual reference establishment method, and starts to perform landing operation. At this time, the eye movement index data acquisition unit A2 acquires eye movement index data of the pilot by using an eye movement instrument, the landing operation data acquisition unit A3 acquires landing operation index data of the pilot, and after the data acquisition module a finishes acquiring the data, the acquired eye movement index data and the landing operation index data are transmitted to the data analysis module B, and then step 4 is executed.
Further, in the present embodiment, the data analysis module B further includes a landing performance evaluation unit B3, and in step 4, the visual reference system acquires the staring behavior characteristics of the pilot through the staring behavior characteristic analysis unit B2. Specifically, after receiving the eye movement index data, the gaze behavior feature analysis unit B2 acquires gaze behavior features by analyzing the eye movement index data, and sends the gaze behavior features to the landing performance evaluation unit B3.
Further, in the present embodiment, the eye movement index data includes the number of fixation points, the fixation time, the eye jump number, and the eye jump distance, and the fixation behavior feature analysis unit B2 may analyze the fixation behavior feature by a variance analysis method, and send the fixation behavior feature to the landing performance evaluation unit B3.
In particular, analysis of variance methods are used to analyze the impact of different levels of variables on the occurrence of an event. And taking the landing height interval as a variable, comparing the mean value difference of the gazing behavior parameters in the runway area under different landing height intervals, and if the mean value has obvious difference, indicating that the height variable influences the gazing behavior.
In one embodiment, the average value of the number of fixation points and the average value of the fixation duration indexes of the expert pilots in the near section, the middle section and the far section of the runway in each landing altitude interval are used as the position characteristics of the fixation behavior. When the difference between the gazing point data and the mean value of gazing duration in each runway area in different landing altitude intervals is compared through difference analysis, the difference between the number of the gazing points and the gazing duration of the expert pilots in different positions in different landing altitude intervals is found, and the index analysis result reflects that the attention characteristics and the attention degree of the pilots to different areas of the runway are different and changes along with altitude reduction.
In one embodiment, the eye jump times and eye jump distance indicators are used to reflect the pilot's view location shifts in different runway areas. By comparing the average difference of the eye jump times and the eye jump distances in different runway areas, the average eye jump times and the eye jump distances of the expert pilots with high landing evaluation scores in different runway areas are found to be less, and the eye jump distances are closer, so that the change of the movement of the viewing positions in different runway areas is less, namely the sight line is more stable.
Further, in the present embodiment, the visual reference system performs the evaluation of the landing maneuver by the landing performance evaluation means B3 in step 5. Specifically, the landing performance evaluation unit B3 acquires a landing performance evaluation in combination with the received fixation behavior characteristics of the pilot and the landing manipulation index data.
In one embodiment, the landing maneuver index includes a landing position, a landing load, a landing maneuver stability, a landing attitude, a landing yaw angle, and a landing gradient, and the landing performance evaluation unit B3 evaluates the pilot's performance of this landing maneuver according to the six pieces of landing maneuver index data. By evaluating the landing maneuver performance of different pilots, a targeted improvement method can be provided for the landing maneuver skills of different pilots.
In the present embodiment, the system for establishing a visual reference may also be used to establish a model for establishing a visual reference of an expert pilot, for example, fig. 3 shows a method for establishing a model for establishing a visual reference of an expert pilot, and the present embodiment is further described below with reference to fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S1, when the pilot performs a landing maneuver, the flight altitude data acquisition unit A1 of the visual reference building system is used to acquire the flight altitude data of the aircraft in the current state. Meanwhile, the eye movement index data acquisition unit A2 and the landing operation index data acquisition unit A3 are used for acquiring the eye movement index data and the landing operation index data of the expert pilot. After the data are acquired by the flight altitude data acquisition unit A1, the flight altitude data, the pilot eye movement index data and the pilot landing operation index data are sent to the data analysis module B to execute the operation of the step S2. Specifically, after receiving the flight altitude data, the landing stage analysis unit B1 in step S2 determines the landing stage of the aircraft according to the flight altitude interval corresponding to the flight altitude data. The staring behavior characteristic analysis unit B2 obtains the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot in different landing stages by analyzing and receiving the eye movement index data of the expert pilot. The gazing behavior characteristics comprise the gazing positions and the corresponding gazing position movement of the expert pilot under different landing stages of the expert pilot gazing behavior characteristics.
Further, in the present embodiment, the landing phase is divided into a leveling preparation phase, a leveling start phase and a leveling post phase according to different landing altitude intervals. The landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft. The landing stage analysis unit B1 determines whether the flight altitude data is within the three landing altitude intervals according to the received flight altitude data, and further determines the current landing stage information of the flight. Meanwhile, the staring behavior characteristic analysis unit B2 is used for analyzing eye movement index data of the expert pilot in the corresponding landing stage, so that staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot in different landing stages are obtained, and then the correlation between the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation performance of the expert pilot is analyzed by executing the step S3.
Further, in the present embodiment, the staring behavior feature analysis unit B2 in step S3 analyzes the correlation between the expert pilot staring behavior feature and the expert pilot landing maneuver performance.
Specifically, the fixation position and the fixation position movement of the expert pilot in the runway fixation interest area are used as fixation behavior characteristics of the expert pilot, correlation analysis results between the fixation behavior characteristics and landing operation performance are used as basis, and then the expert pilot visual reference establishing method is established according to the fixation behavior characteristics of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals through the step S4.
In the present embodiment, the correlation between the fixation characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation scores is analyzed by a multiple linear regression analysis method. The multiple linear regression analysis method is to use multiple independent variables to explain or predict a dependent variable. Establishing a regression equation by a stepwise regression method, firstly, performing regression coefficient significance test on a predictive variable with the maximum partial correlation coefficient, and determining whether to enter the regression equation; then each variable in the equation is combinedAnd (4) solving a partial F value as a variable of the selected equation, performing partial F test on the variable with the minimum partial F value, and determining whether the variable is left in the regression equation. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the regression equation model is established as follows: y = B 0 +B 1 X i1 +B 2 X i2 +…+BnX in i =1,2, \8230n, wherein Y is total landing performance score and X in The number of fixation points or fixation duration in three runway areas with different heights. The number of the fixation points and the fixation duration of the three runway areas with different heights are used as prediction variables, the number of the fixation points and the fixation duration of the three runway areas of the pilot in each landing height interval are used as the prediction variables according to a regression equation, and a predicted landing performance score can be obtained by inputting a predicted variable value.
Further, in the embodiment, in step S4, the expert pilot visual reference establishing method is established according to the gazing behavior characteristics of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals, and stored in the expert pilot visual reference model.
Specifically, the gazing interest area on the runway is divided into a near runway section, a middle runway section and an end runway section, and a leveling preparation stage visual reference establishing method, a leveling start stage visual reference establishing method and a leveling post stage visual reference establishing method are respectively established according to the gazing behavior characteristics of expert aircraft crews in different landing altitude intervals. Wherein, the watching position in the watching behavior characteristic needs to meet the requirement of the central vision system and the peripheral vision system for acquiring information.
Further, in the present embodiment, the visual reference establishing method in the leveling preparation stage is: the watching interest area is a runway near section, namely the runway area of the airplane is from a runway entrance mark to the rear edge of a second grounding area mark, and at the moment, the watching position moves from the runway entrance mark and gradually moves forwards along the central area of the runway along with the change of the airplane position.
Specifically, before the visual flight enters the runway (about 200 ft), the gliding track and the speed of the airplane are kept stable, the visual reference outside the cockpit is mainly positioned at an aiming point and a mark of a nearby area (such as a visual approach indicating system), and the gliding track, the landing position and the like of the airplane are evaluated. When the airplane enters the runway (about 100 ft), the runway entrance mark can provide reference for the attitude and the position of the airplane, and in order to keep the continuity of visual information input and airplane motion state sensing and judgment in the leveling stage, the aiming point or the grounding area mark is not recommended to be used as a visual center, but the sight line is transferred to a short distance in front of the airplane, and the sight line is gradually pushed forward along with the movement of the airplane. In the process, a pilot can judge the relative position of the airplane through the grounding band mark, and simultaneously judge the speed and the subsidence of the airplane by utilizing peripheral vision and other body perception vision according to the movement of sight reference marks such as the grounding band mark, the aiming point mark and the like, so as to further judge that the airplane enters a leveling stage until the airplane is grounded.
Further, in the present embodiment, the visual reference establishing method at the leveling start stage includes: the watching interest area is mainly a runway near section, namely, a runway area of the airplane is from a runway entrance mark to the rear edge of a second grounding area mark, and at the moment, the watching position moves from a short distance in front of the airplane and gradually moves to a runway middle section along a runway center area along with the change of the airplane position. In this embodiment, the pilot is not advised to move his/her line of sight to the midstream of the runway too early when the aircraft is in the flare-up initiation phase.
Specifically, in the leveling stage, the established external visual reference should be in front of the aircraft, and the aircraft is controlled to be grounded on the basis of correctly sensing the descent rate, the attitude and the relative position of the aircraft. The reference model manual suggests that in the leveling grounding process, the movement of an aiming point is the basis for judging and controlling the sinking of the airplane, and the perception movement is through a peripheral vision system. The reference model manual provides a minimum visual ground sector for the leveling phase, although theoretically the area outside the shaded area in front of the aircraft is visible, considering moving the line of sight for correct perception and steering of the aircraft, it should be satisfied that the visual reference should be within the field of view and maintain a stable and continuous input of visual information, and therefore it is not recommended that the line of sight be located far from the front of the aircraft.
Further, in the present embodiment, the method for establishing the visual reference in the post-leveling stage includes: the watching interest area is mainly the runway middle section, at the moment, the runway area of the airplane is from the second grounding area mark to the end of the grounding area mark, and the watching position moves from a short distance in front of the airplane and gradually moves forwards along with the change of the airplane position until the airplane is grounded.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software as a computer program product, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk (disk) and disc (disc), as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks (disks) usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs (discs) reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (20)
1. A visual reference establishing method based on an expert pilot visual reference model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring flight altitude data, and determining current landing stage information according to the flight altitude data;
acquiring an expert pilot visual reference establishing method from an expert pilot visual reference establishing model according to the landing stage information;
the pilot refers to the expert pilot visual reference establishing method and performs landing operation, and meanwhile, the eye movement index data and the landing operation index data of the pilot are collected;
analyzing the eye movement index data and the landing operation index data to obtain the staring behavior characteristics and the landing operation performance of the pilot;
carrying out landing performance evaluation according to the gazing behavior characteristics and the landing manipulation performance;
the landing control index data comprises a landing position, a landing load, landing operation stability, a landing attitude, a landing yaw angle and a landing gradient; and the landing manipulation performance is combined with the gazing behavior characteristic to carry out landing performance evaluation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said landing phase information comprises a landing phase name and a landing altitude interval, and wherein said landing phase name is determined according to said landing altitude interval to which said flight altitude data corresponds.
3. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation method of claim 2 wherein the landing phase name comprises a flare preparation phase, a flare initiation phase and a flare post phase; the landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft.
4. The method for establishing visual reference based on the expert pilot visual reference model according to claim 2, wherein the eye movement index data comprises the number of fixation points, the fixation duration, the eye jump times and the eye jump distance, and the eye movement index data is analyzed through an analysis of variance method to obtain the fixation behavior characteristics of the pilot in different landing altitude intervals; wherein the gaze behavior characteristics are a gaze location of the pilot at the gaze area of interest and a corresponding gaze location movement.
5. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference setup method of claim 1 wherein the expert pilot visual reference setup method and the corresponding landing phase information are stored in the expert pilot visual reference setup model; and acquiring a corresponding expert pilot visual reference establishing method from the expert pilot visual reference establishing model by using the landing stage information and prompting.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said region of interest of said fixation comprises a near runway section, a mid runway section and an end runway section; the expert pilot visual reference establishing model divides the expert pilot visual reference establishing method into a leveling preparation stage visual reference establishing method, a leveling starting stage visual reference establishing method and a leveling post stage visual reference establishing method according to the staring behavior characteristics of different staring interest areas of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said leveling preparation phase visual reference is established by: the watching interest area is the near section of the runway, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from the runway threshold sign, gradually forward along the runway center area as the aircraft position changes.
8. The method of establishing a visual reference based on an expert pilot visual reference model according to claim 6, wherein the method of establishing a visual reference at the beginning of the leveling-up phase is: the watching interest area comprises a runway near section, namely a runway area is from a runway entrance mark to the rear edge of a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the airplane, gradually moving along the center line of the runway toward the middle section of the runway along with the change of the airplane position.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein said post-flare stage visual reference is established by: the watching interest area comprises the runway middle section, namely the runway area is a second grounding area mark and the end of the grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving forward as the aircraft position changes, until the ground is reached.
10. The expert pilot visual reference creation process based on the expert pilot visual reference model according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the expert pilot visual reference creation model includes an expert pilot gaze behavior feature and an expert pilot visual reference creation process, the expert pilot visual reference creation model being created by:
collecting eye movement index data of an expert pilot and landing operation index data of the expert pilot;
analyzing the eye movement index data of the expert pilot and the landing control index data of the expert pilot to obtain the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing control performance of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals; the expert pilot fixation behavior characteristics are that the expert pilot fixation position and the expert pilot fixation position of the expert pilot in the fixation interest area move;
analyzing the correlation between the fixation behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation performance of the expert pilot, and determining the visual establishment method of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals according to the correlation analysis result;
and constructing the visual reference establishment model of the expert pilot according to the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot and the corresponding landing stage information.
11. A visual reference establishing system based on an expert pilot visual reference model is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a visual reference establishing module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring landing stage data and transmitting the landing stage data to the data analysis module for analysis;
the data analysis module acquires landing stage information by analyzing the landing stage data and sends the landing stage information to a visual reference establishment module;
the visual reference establishing module acquires an expert pilot visual reference establishing method from an expert pilot visual reference model through the landing stage information and prompts the expert pilot visual reference establishing method;
the data acquisition module comprises a flight altitude data acquisition unit, an eye movement index data acquisition unit and a landing control index data acquisition unit; the data analysis module comprises a landing stage analysis unit, a gazing behavior characteristic analysis unit and a landing performance evaluation unit; the visual reference establishing module comprises a visual reference establishing method obtaining unit and a visual reference establishing method prompting unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the flying height data acquisition unit is used for acquiring flying height data and sending the flying height data to the landing stage analysis unit for analysis;
the eye movement index data acquisition unit is used for acquiring eye movement index data of a pilot and sending the eye movement index data to the staring behavior characteristic analysis unit for analysis;
the landing operation index data acquisition unit is used for acquiring landing operation index data of a pilot and sending the landing operation index data to the landing performance evaluation unit for analysis;
the landing stage analysis unit acquires landing stage information by analyzing the flight altitude data and sends the landing stage information to the visual reference establishment method acquisition unit;
the expert pilot visual reference establishing method obtaining unit calls the expert pilot visual reference establishing method according to the landing stage information;
the staring behavior characteristic analysis unit acquires staring behavior characteristics by analyzing the eye movement index data and sends the staring behavior characteristics to the landing performance evaluation unit for landing performance evaluation;
the landing performance evaluation unit acquires landing operation performance by analyzing the landing operation index data and acquires landing performance evaluation by combining the gazing behavior characteristics;
the landing operation index data comprises a landing position, a landing load, landing operation stability, a landing attitude, a landing yaw angle and a landing gradient; the landing performance evaluation unit combines the landing manipulation performance and the gazing behavior characteristic to obtain a landing performance evaluation.
12. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference setup system of claim 11 wherein the landing phase information includes a landing phase name and a landing altitude interval, the landing phase analysis unit determining the corresponding landing phase name from the landing altitude interval to which the flight altitude data corresponds.
13. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of claim 12 wherein the landing phase names include a flare preparation phase, a flare start phase and a flare post phase; the landing height interval of the leveling preparation stage is 100ft-50ft, the landing height interval of the leveling starting stage is 50ft-30ft, and the landing height interval of the leveling post-stage is 30ft-0ft.
14. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference setup system of claim 12 wherein the eye movement indicator data includes a number of fixation points, a fixation duration, a number of eye jumps and an eye jump distance, the fixation behavior analysis unit obtains the fixation behavior characteristics of the pilot at different landing altitude intervals by analyzing the eye movement indicator data by a variance analysis method; wherein the gaze behavior characteristics are a gaze location of the pilot at the gaze area of interest and a corresponding gaze location movement.
15. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of claim 11 wherein the visual reference creation module further comprises a visual reference method cue unit; the method for establishing the visual reference of the expert pilot and the corresponding landing stage information are stored in a visual reference establishing model of the expert pilot, and the visual reference establishing method obtaining unit obtains the corresponding visual reference establishing method of the expert pilot from the visual reference establishing model of the expert pilot through the landing stage information and prompts the model through a visual reference establishing method prompting unit.
16. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of claim 14 wherein the gaze area of interest includes a near runway segment, a mid runway segment, and an end runway segment; the expert pilot visual reference establishing model divides the expert pilot visual reference establishing method into a leveling preparation stage visual reference establishing method, a leveling starting stage visual reference establishing method and a leveling post stage visual reference establishing method according to the staring behavior characteristics of different staring interest areas of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals.
17. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of claim 16 wherein the leveling preparation phase visual reference creation method is: the watching interest area is the near section of the runway, namely the runway area is the trailing edge from a runway entrance mark to a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from the runway threshold sign, gradually forward along the runway center area as the aircraft position changes.
18. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of claim 16 wherein the leveling initiation phase visual reference creation process is: the watching interest area comprises a runway near section, namely a runway area is from a runway entrance mark to the rear edge of a second grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving along the center area of the runway toward the middle section of the runway as the aircraft position changes.
19. The expert pilot visual reference model based visual reference creation system of claim 16 wherein the post-flare stage visual reference creation method is: the watching interest area comprises the runway middle section, namely the runway area is a second grounding area mark and the end of the grounding area mark; at this time, the gaze position moves from a short distance in front of the aircraft, gradually moving forward as the aircraft position changes, until the ground is reached.
20. The expert pilot visual reference model-based visual reference creation system of any one of claims 11-19 wherein the expert pilot visual reference creation model includes an expert pilot staring behavior feature and an expert pilot visual reference creation method, the expert pilot visual reference creation model being created by:
collecting eye movement index data of an expert pilot and landing operation index data of the expert pilot;
analyzing the eye movement index data of the expert pilot and the landing control index data of the expert pilot to obtain the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing control performance of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals; the expert pilot watching behavior characteristics are that the expert pilot watching position of the expert pilot in the watching interest area and the corresponding expert pilot watching position move;
analyzing the correlation between the staring behavior characteristics of the expert pilot and the landing operation performance of the expert pilot, and determining the visual establishment method of the expert pilot in different landing altitude intervals according to the correlation analysis result;
and constructing a visual reference establishment model of the expert pilot according to the visual reference establishment method of the expert pilot and the corresponding landing stage information.
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| CN103810907A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | System and method for enhancing pilot decision making during landing in challenging weather |
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