CN114152936A - Satellite-borne waveform laser radar ground elevation precision evaluation method for forest research area - Google Patents
Satellite-borne waveform laser radar ground elevation precision evaluation method for forest research area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ground elevation precision evaluation method of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a superposition area of a track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and an airborne point cloud data track of the forest research area as an evaluation area, and acquiring an L2A data product of a GEDI (geographic information System) of the evaluation area; then, the ground level correction information of the light spot data in the L2A data product is corrected by utilizing the ground level correction information, so that the light spot data and the airborne point cloud data are in the WGS-84 coordinate system, and the data quality screening of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar is completed; then, according to longitude and latitude information of the position of the evaluation area, DTM data corresponding to the longitude and latitude are obtained, and according to the size of the light spot, forest DTM data in the light spot are obtained; and finally, matching the spot data of the GEDI and the DTM data to finish the evaluation of the elevation precision of the understory terrain of the GEDI. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the precision evaluation of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar for inverting the ground is provided, and the method has a strong practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite-borne waveform laser radar remote sensing application, in particular to a method for evaluating ground elevation precision of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area.
Background
Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (geodi), a satellite-borne wave lidar system, has been launched successfully in 2018 in 12 months. The GEDI is carried in an International Space Station (ISS), and the main scientific task is to utilize a high-resolution waveform laser ranging system to observe and investigate the forest resource condition between 51.6 degrees N and 51.6 degrees S of the earth and improve the capability of scientific understanding of the capability of carbon and water circulation processes, biodiversity and habitats. The main load of the system adopts a waveform recording technology of a linear system, the system has the working characteristics of high energy value and low repetition frequency, laser waveform data reflected from the earth surface can be effectively detected, and the elevation information of the earth surface is described by receiving returned waveform signals. The GEDI consists of 3 lasers, 2 of which are full power lasers, each producing 2 beams by varying the laser beam pointing direction. The other laser, the overlay laser, is split into 2 beams, then 4 beams in total, and finally 3 lasers produce 8 ground beam traces. The laser emission frequency of the GEDI can reach 242Hz, and the spot diameter of the GEDI is about 25m, the distance between the spots along the track is 60m, and the distance between the adjacent ground tracks is 600m according to the satellite running height and the satellite running speed. The GEDI specific working mode enables the device to obtain discrete three-dimensional information in the light spot, and provides hardware support for completing scientific targets. Although the GEDI system has the characteristic of recording laser waveform, the GeDI system is influenced by environmental factors, and how to judge the surface information fed back by the waveform data is a main factor influencing the data processing of the GEDI system. Particularly, in a forest research area, elevation information of the underground ground surface reflected by GEDI waveform data cannot be effectively extracted only through a single algorithm, and the application of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar in the forest direction is seriously influenced. Therefore, research for verifying the ground elevation of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area needs to be added to verify the inversion accuracy of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar. However, in the research on ground elevation verification in forest research areas, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is adopted to develop an artificial on-site measurement method to measure discrete points of a Satellite-borne light spot area, but this method can only complete position measurement of a small number of discrete points in a light spot, and because of the under-forest position, GNSS signals are easy to lose lock, and thus the accuracy is reduced.
For the application of the satellite-borne waveform radar in forest research areas, expert scholars develop a large amount of waveform information identification research, but deep research and analysis are not developed on the precision evaluation standard, so that an elevation precision evaluation method developed according to forest research area scientific data is urgently needed to be provided. Therefore, the method has very important scientific significance and application value for developing the ground elevation precision verification of the satellite-borne waveform radar inversion in forest research areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for evaluating ground elevation precision of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a superposition area of the track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and the track of airborne point cloud data of a forest research area as an evaluation area, wherein the process is as follows:
step 1.1: according to the track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar, a region with an airborne point cloud data track is selected in a forest research area, and the region is used as an evaluation area to complete the initial selection of the evaluation area;
step 1.2: and selecting the intersection position of the two data according to longitude and latitude data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar track and the mark language KML (Keyhole Markup language) data of the airborne elevation verification data to finish the accurate determination of the evaluation area.
Step 2: according to the position of an evaluation area, acquiring an L2A data product corresponding to the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI, and extracting longitude and latitude, elevation, ground level correction information and spot quality screening parameters of satellite-borne waveform data in the L2A data product, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: acquiring an L2A data product of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI through a NASA official website;
step 2.2: according to the longitude and latitude information of the position of the evaluation area, the information of the star carrier waveform data in the L2A data product, namely the spot data information, is extracted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: latitude information lat _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, longitude information lon _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot and ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of the light spot; simultaneously, extracting light spot quality screening parameters, comprising: a waveform quality evaluation parameter quality _ flag, a signal-to-noise ratio Sensitivity of the waveform, and a satellite state parameter gradient _ flag.
And step 3: the method comprises the following steps of finishing the correction of the ground level correction information of laser spot data in an L2A data product by utilizing the ground level correction information in the L2A data product, enabling the spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and airborne point cloud data to be under a WGS-84 coordinate system, and finishing the quality screening of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data according to spot quality screening parameters, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: matching elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of light spots related to aN L2A data product with ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of corresponding light spots to obtain light spot data with the ground level correction information, so that the corrected light spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and airborne point cloud evaluation data are both in a WGS-84 coordinate system;
step 3.2: in order to improve the quality of light spot data, satellite-borne waveform laser radar data screening is carried out by using light spot quality screening parameters, and the selection conditions comprise that: quality _ flag is 1, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95, and grade _ flag is 0, wherein quality _ flag is 1 as an identifier of good product data, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95 as waveform data with waveform Sensitivity greater than 0.95 as valid data, and grade _ flag is 0 as an identifier without geographic position degradation;
step 3.3: and storing the screened light spot data into a CSV file, so that subsequent elevation precision verification is facilitated.
And 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of taking DTM data of an airborne digital ground model as ground elevation precision evaluation data, obtaining DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of a light spot according to longitude and latitude information of a position of an evaluation area, obtaining forest DTM data in the light spot according to the size of the light spot, and storing the DTM data in the light spot into a CSV file, so that subsequent verification on the elevation precision of the light spot is facilitated;
and 5: matching spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI with DTM data, and evaluating elevation precision of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data of an under-forest terrain, wherein the process is as follows:
step 5.1: extracting DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of airborne data in a light spot of an evaluation area according to the CSV file of the DTM data, and selecting the highest undergrowth terrain elevation point in the light spot area as the evaluation data based on the waveform characteristics of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data;
step 5.2: and (3) counting and recording the elevation verification data subjected to the light spot data quality screening in the step (3.2), taking the data as evaluation information, and finishing the precision evaluation of the forest terrain elevation inversion by the satellite-borne wave laser radar in the forest research area according to the evaluation information.
The evaluation indexes of the precision evaluation of the elevation of the under-forest terrain comprise: the coefficient, root mean square error, and absolute average error are determined.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
1. the method provided by the invention can scientifically express the change condition of the under-forest ground in the research area and accurately evaluate the accuracy of the information extracted by the satellite-borne waveform radar.
2. The method completes evaluation and verification of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data by using the airborne point cloud data, evaluates the accuracy of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar for inverting the ground elevation, provides the accuracy of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar for inverting the ground, and has strong practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating ground elevation precision of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of airborne data DTM data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the L2A data product of a GEDI;
FIG. 4 is a GEDI data overlay of the assessment area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of coverage of a GEDI spot in an evaluation area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a GEDI waveform of the assessment area in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating ground elevation accuracy of a space-borne waveform lidar in a forest research area in the embodiment is as follows.
In this embodiment, the forest research forest is located in the pennobukast experimental forest in Maine (Maine), the landform of the research area is mainly flat and gentle slope, and the elevation range is 9.05m-91.08 m. The tree species within the study area include: some of them are Spruce (Spruce), fir (fir), hemlock (hemlock), etc., and are representative of regions.
Step 1: selecting a superposition area of the track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and the track of airborne point cloud data of a forest research area as an evaluation area, wherein the process is as follows:
step 1.1: according to the track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar, a region with an airborne point cloud data track is selected in a forest research area, and the region is used as an evaluation area to complete the initial selection of the evaluation area;
step 1.2: and selecting the intersection position of the two data according to the latitude and longitude data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar track and the mark language KML data of the airborne elevation verification data to finish the accurate determination of the evaluation area.
In the embodiment, the airborne research data adopted in the research is G-LiHT (Goddard's LiDAR Hyperspectral and Thermal Imager), the system is a portable airborne imaging system, a functional diagram of a land ecosystem can be drawn by using LiDAR, imaging spectrum and Thermal energy observation modes at the same time, and the DTM data provided by the G-LiHT is selected as the verification data for researching and verifying the ground elevation under the forest to cover the DTM data of the G-LiHT in a research area, which is shown in figure 2.
Step 2: according to the position of an evaluation area, acquiring an L2A data product corresponding to the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI, and extracting longitude and latitude, elevation, ground level correction information and spot quality screening parameters of satellite-borne waveform data in the L2A data product, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: acquiring an L2A data product of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI through a NASA official website;
step 2.2: according to the longitude and latitude information of the position of the evaluation area, the information of the star carrier waveform data in the L2A data product, namely the spot data information, is extracted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: latitude information lat _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, longitude information lon _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot and ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of the light spot; simultaneously, extracting light spot quality screening parameters, comprising: a waveform quality evaluation parameter quality _ flag, a signal-to-noise ratio Sensitivity of the waveform, and a satellite state parameter gradient _ flag.
In this embodiment, the L2A data product of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI includes the light spot information such as the latitude information, longitude information, and elevation information of the light spot, and this embodiment carries out data extraction research and analysis for the L2A data product, and the schematic diagram of the L2A data product is shown in fig. 3.
And step 3: the method comprises the following steps of finishing the correction of the ground level correction information of laser spot data in an L2A data product by utilizing the ground level correction information in the L2A data product, enabling the spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and airborne point cloud data to be under a WGS-84 coordinate system, and finishing the quality screening of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data according to spot quality screening parameters, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: matching elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of light spots related to aN L2A data product with ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of corresponding light spots to obtain light spot data with the ground level correction information, so that the corrected light spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and airborne point cloud evaluation data are both in a WGS-84 coordinate system;
step 3.2: in order to improve the quality of light spot data, satellite-borne waveform laser radar data screening is carried out by using light spot quality screening parameters, and the selection conditions comprise that: quality _ flag is 1, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95, and grade _ flag is 0, wherein quality _ flag is 1 as an identifier of good product data, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95 as waveform data with waveform Sensitivity greater than 0.95 as valid data, and grade _ flag is 0 as an identifier without geographic position degradation;
step 3.3: and storing the screened light spot data into a CSV file, so that subsequent elevation precision verification is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the data of the satellite-borne waveform lidar subjected to data screening is displayed in the DTM data of the research area, and the data of the satellite-borne waveform lidar subjected to data screening in the research area is shown in fig. 4. One of the GEDI spot coverage illustrations in FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 5.
And 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of taking DTM data of an airborne digital ground model as ground elevation precision evaluation data, obtaining DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of a light spot according to longitude and latitude information of a position of an evaluation area, obtaining forest DTM data in the light spot according to the size of the light spot, and storing the DTM data in the light spot into a CSV file, so that subsequent verification on the elevation precision of the light spot is facilitated;
and 5: matching spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI with DTM data, and evaluating elevation precision of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data of an under-forest terrain, wherein the process is as follows:
step 5.1: extracting DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of airborne data in a light spot of an evaluation area according to the CSV file of the DTM data, and selecting the highest undergrowth terrain elevation point in the light spot area as the evaluation data based on the waveform characteristics of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data;
step 5.2: and (3) counting and recording the elevation verification data subjected to the light spot data quality screening in the step (3.2), taking the data as evaluation information, and finishing the precision evaluation of the forest terrain elevation inversion by the satellite-borne wave laser radar in the forest research area according to the evaluation information.
In the embodiment of the invention, fig. 6 is a waveform schematic diagram of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar, and according to the waveform characteristics of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar, two obvious peaks appear when a laser beam hits a canopy and an underground ground position, and the elevation information of the canopy top and the ground can be obtained according to the peak positions, so that the invention selects and uses the maximum ground elevation position in a light spot as the ground point position of the waveform of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar, and uses the DTM of the position as the underground ground elevation verification data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar.
The evaluation indexes of the precision evaluation of the elevation of the under-forest terrain comprise: the coefficient, root mean square error, and absolute average error are determined.
Wherein the coefficient R is determined2Is calculated as follows:
the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is calculated as follows:
the Absolute Mean Error (MAE) is calculated as follows:
wherein n is the number of samples, yiIs the ith DTM data and the data of the DTM,
is the ith inversion value of the spaceborne waveform laser radar,
mean values of the DTM data are indicated.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating ground elevation precision of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar in a forest research area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a superposition area of a track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and an airborne point cloud data track of a forest research area as an evaluation area;
step 2: acquiring an L2A data product corresponding to the satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI according to the position of the evaluation area, and extracting longitude and latitude, elevation, ground level correction information and spot quality screening parameters of satellite-borne waveform data in the L2A data product;
and step 3: the correction of the ground level correction information of the laser spot data in the L2A data product is completed by utilizing the ground level correction information in the L2A data product, so that the satellite-borne waveform laser radar spot data and the airborne point cloud data are under the WGS-84 coordinate system, and the quality screening of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data is completed according to the spot quality screening parameters;
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of taking DTM data of an airborne digital ground model as ground elevation precision evaluation data, obtaining DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of a light spot according to longitude and latitude information of a position of an evaluation area, obtaining forest DTM data in the light spot according to the size of the light spot, and storing the DTM data in the light spot into a CSV file, so that subsequent verification on the elevation precision of the light spot is facilitated;
and 5: and matching the spot data of the GEDI and the DTM data, and evaluating the elevation precision of the understory terrain on the GEDI.
2. The method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of the spaceborne waveform laser radar in the forest research area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1: according to the track of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar, a region with an airborne point cloud data track is selected in a forest research area, and the region is used as an evaluation area to complete the initial selection of the evaluation area;
step 1.2: and selecting the intersection position of the two data according to the latitude and longitude data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar track and the mark language KML data of the airborne elevation verification data to finish the accurate determination of the evaluation area.
3. The method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of the spaceborne waveform laser radar in the forest research area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1: acquiring an L2A data product of a satellite-borne waveform laser radar GEDI through a NASA official website;
step 2.2: according to the longitude and latitude information of the position of the evaluation area, the information of the star carrier waveform data in the L2A data product, namely the spot data information, is extracted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: latitude information lat _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, longitude information lon _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot, elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of the light spot and ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of the light spot; simultaneously, extracting light spot quality screening parameters, comprising: a waveform quality evaluation parameter quality _ flag, a signal-to-noise ratio Sensitivity of the waveform, and a satellite state parameter gradient _ flag.
4. The method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of the spaceborne waveform laser radar in the forest research area as claimed in claim 3, wherein the specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1: matching elevation information elev _ lowestmode _ aN of light spots related to aN L2A data product with ground level correction information mean _ sea _ surface of corresponding light spots to obtain light spot data with the ground level correction information, so that the corrected light spot data of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar and airborne point cloud evaluation data are both in a WGS-84 coordinate system;
step 3.2: in order to improve the quality of light spot data, satellite-borne waveform laser radar data screening is carried out by using light spot quality screening parameters, and the selection conditions comprise that: quality _ flag is 1, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95, and grade _ flag is 0, wherein quality _ flag is 1 as an identifier of good product data, Sensitivity is greater than 0.95 as waveform data with waveform Sensitivity greater than 0.95 as valid data, and grade _ flag is 0 as an identifier without geographic position degradation;
step 3.3: and storing the screened light spot data into a CSV file, so that subsequent elevation precision verification is facilitated.
5. The method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of the spaceborne waveform laser radar in the forest research area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the step 5 is as follows:
step 5.1: extracting DTM data corresponding to longitude and latitude of airborne data in a light spot of an evaluation area according to the CSV file of the DTM data, and selecting the highest undergrowth terrain elevation point in the light spot area as the evaluation data based on the waveform characteristics of the satellite-borne waveform laser radar data;
step 5.2: and (3) counting and recording the elevation verification data subjected to the light spot data quality screening in the step (3.2), taking the data as evaluation information, and finishing the precision evaluation of the forest terrain elevation inversion by the satellite-borne wave laser radar in the forest research area according to the evaluation information.
6. The method for evaluating the ground elevation precision of the spaceborne waveform laser radar in the forest research area as claimed in claim 5, wherein the evaluation index of the precision evaluation of the forest terrain elevation comprises: the coefficient, root mean square error, and absolute average error are determined.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115436965A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-06 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for generating under-forest terrain data set based on multi-mode satellite-borne laser radar data |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115436965A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-06 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for generating under-forest terrain data set based on multi-mode satellite-borne laser radar data |
| CN115436965B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-05-03 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for generating under-forest topographic dataset based on multi-mode satellite-borne laser radar data |
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Application publication date: 20220308 |