CN114152203B - Bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measuring method based on phase coding structured light - Google Patents
Bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measuring method based on phase coding structured light Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The hardware equipment used in the bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measuring method based on the phase coding structured light comprises a DLP projector, an infrared CCD camera and a main control computer, wherein the DLP projector and the infrared CCD camera are connected with the main control computer; the main control computer is provided with a system calibration module, a grating coding module, a wrapping phase unfolding module, a three-dimensional reconstruction module and a fitting plane module; the grating coding module and the wrapping phase unwrapping module comprise the following five processing steps: step 1: generating a sine stripe graph and a phase encoding graph of a moving half period; step 2: binarization processing of bearing wrapping phase; step 3: expanding and corroding the streak gradation; step 4: stripe level sub-division combination; step 5: and acquiring an absolute phase. The measuring method provided by the application has the advantages of high detection precision, high detection efficiency and good detection stability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of part detection, in particular to a bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measuring method based on phase coding structured light.
Background
The bearing is used as an important part of various machines, is mainly used for flexible matching among machine parts, and has the main functions of supporting a mechanical rotating body, reducing the friction coefficient in the motion process, enabling the rotation to be smoother, reducing the energy loss and ensuring the rotation precision. The dimensional accuracy of the bearing can greatly influence the service performance of the bearing, so that the measurement of the size of the bearing is an indispensable part in the production link of the bearing, and how to accurately and efficiently detect the size of the bearing is a main problem at present. The prior bearing size detection mainly adopts manual contact detection, the detection efficiency is low, and the contact detection easily causes damage to the surface of the bearing, thereby affecting the quality of the bearing. In order to overcome the defects of manual detection, the method is gradually put into bearing detection by means of a machine vision detection mode; this approach is of great interest because of its non-contact and fast detection speed, and one of its cores is how to obtain high-precision bearing dimensions. The method is limited by partial hardware equipment and software algorithms, and the problems of insufficient detection precision, low stability and the like still exist in a detection mode depending on machine vision. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, a bearing size detection method with high detection precision, high detection efficiency and good stability during detection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of a bearing based on phase coding structured light, which has the advantages of high detection precision, high detection efficiency and good detection stability.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the hardware equipment used in the bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measuring method based on the phase coding structured light comprises a DLP projector, an infrared CCD camera and a main control computer, wherein the DLP projector and the infrared CCD camera are connected with the main control computer; the main control computer is provided with a system calibration module, a grating coding module, a wrapping phase unfolding module, a three-dimensional reconstruction module and a fitting plane module;
during detection, a system calibration module firstly acquires a calibration relation between an infrared CCD camera and a DLP projector; then, the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns and three moving half-period phase coding patterns, the master control computer projects the three sine fringe patterns and the three moving half-period phase coding patterns by using the DLP projector, the projected coding structure light falls on the surface of the bearing to be modulated, and then the modulated coding structure light fringe is obtained by using the infrared CCD camera; then, the wrapping phase unwrapping module acquires unwrapping phase phi required by three-dimensional reconstruction of the bearing by utilizing the matching of bearing wrapping phase and stripe order; then, the three-dimensional reconstruction module acquires a point cloud image of the bearing to be detected through a corresponding coordinate system conversion relation by utilizing the acquired unwrapped phase image of the bearing and a calibration relation corresponding to the camera and the projector acquired before; finally, a fitting plane module fits Ping Miandian cloud of the bearing, calculates the distance of the obtained plane point set and obtains the specific inner diameter and outer diameter of the bearing;
the grating coding module and the wrapping phase unwrapping module comprise the following five processing steps:
step 1, generating a sinusoidal fringe pattern and a phase encoding pattern of a moving half period: grating coding moduleGenerating three sine fringe patterns and three phase encoding patterns of moving half periods, then, the DLP projector projects the three sine fringe patterns to acquire a bearing wrapping phase pattern modulated by an object, and the DLP projector projects the phase encoding patterns of the three moving half periods to acquire a phase encoding pattern of the bearing wrapping phase patternThe periodic staggered stripe order k1;
step 2, binarization processing of bearing wrapping phase: wrapping the acquired bearing with phasePerforming binarization, and recombining the binarization graph with the stripe order k1 acquired by the moving half period to generate a new stripe order k2 so as to acquire the stripe order k2 corresponding to the bearing wrapping phase period;
step 3, expanding and corroding the stripe order: performing expansion corrosion operation on the acquired bar rank k2 to acquire a jump-free bar rank k3;
step 4, stripe level sub-segmentation combination: the stripe orders k2 and k3 are subjected to region segmentation and combination to obtain a final correct stripe order k4;
step 5, obtaining an absolute phase: wrapping phases with bearingsAnd (3) unwrapping the wrapping phase with k4 to obtain a bearing unwrapping phase phi required by bearing three-dimensional reconstruction.
Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light has the advantages of high detection precision, high detection efficiency and good detection stability; according to the application, under the basis of machine vision, the size of the bearing is measured by adopting the moving half-period phase coding structure light, improvement is made on the basis of the traditional phase coding, the problem of 2 pi jump existing in the traditional phase coding unwrapping is overcome, and the wrapping phase binarization and the acquired moving half-period stripe orders are combined to form jump-free stripe orders, so that the accurate unwrapping of the wrapping phase of the bearing is realized, the three-dimensional reconstruction precision is further improved, and the accuracy of the bearing size detection is ensured; in addition, the measuring method of the application realizes the reconstruction of the stripe order without adding additional pictures, avoids the problem of boundary jump, effectively improves the quality of the unwrapped phase of the bearing, and has good robustness, so that the measuring and detecting efficiency of the actual bearing size is high and the bearing size is more stable.
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light, three sine fringe patterns are generated and the phase of the bearing wrapping is calculatedThe acquisition of (1) adopts a three-step phase shift algorithm:
when the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns, each pixel on the first photo is set as I 1 (x, y), the second web being I 2 (x, y), a third web is I 3 (x, y), the intensity formula for each point on the three photographs is:
i' (x, y) is the background intensity of the pixel, I "(x, y) is the modulation term,for wrapping the phase, the phase of all pixel points photographed for the first time has an additional phase of-2 pi/3 relative to the wrapping phase, the second time is the wrapping phase, and the third time has an additional phase of 2 pi/3; after the three sinusoidal fringe patterns are obtained, the triangle is usedThe function and the difference product formula are derived from the intensity formula,
wrap phase calculated by the formulaIts period range is 0,2 pi]Also known as the truncated phase.
Three sine fringe patterns can be accurately and efficiently generated and bearing wrapping phases can be obtained through a three-step phase shift algorithm
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light, the generation of the phase encoding graph of three moving half periods and the acquisition of the fringe order k1 adopt a phase encoding algorithm of the moving half period, firstly, a code word is embedded into a phase by using a step phase function,
floor [ (x-1)/p ] represents rounding down; p is the stripe pitch, or the number of pixels per cycle; n is the total number of edge periods;
δ k representing phase shift, wherein the three-step phase shift takes the values of-2 pi/3, 0 and 2 pi/3;
from the step phaseThe number of stripe stages k1 can be determined:
round (x) represents an integer nearest to x.
By the phase coding algorithm of the moving half period, three moving half period phase coding diagrams can be accurately and efficiently generated, and the fringe order k1 can be obtained.
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light, the phase diagram of the bearing wrapping phase is selected to binarize a threshold value, and the phase is wrappedThe binarization formula of (2) is:
further, the bearing wrapping phase binarization graph and the stripe order k1 adopt segmentation and combination to construct the stripe order k2, and the formula is as follows:
the bar rank k1 can be further optimized by binarizing the bearing wrap phase map and constructing the bar rank using segmentation combinations.
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-encoded structured light, a matrix having a template size of 5*5 is used for the expansion and corrosion operations:
operating once using the expansion function:
k3=imdilate(k2,zone)
and then operating more than once using the corrosion function:
k3=imerode(k3,zone)
after the expansion and corrosion operation, the optimized fringe order k3 can be obtained.
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light, k3 and k2 are subjected to region division and combination to obtain the fringe order k4, and the processing formula is as follows:
after the region segmentation group is carried out on the k3 and the k2, the more optimized stripe level k4 can be obtained.
Preferably, in the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase encoding structured light, the fitting plane module fits Ping Miandian cloud of the bearing by using a least square method.
The least square method is adopted for fitting, so that the measuring size of the bearing can be accurately and efficiently obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hardware equipment correlation diagram of a bearing inner and outer diameter dimension measurement method based on phase encoding structured light;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of a bearing based on phase-encoded structured light according to the present application;
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated by the following figures and detailed description (including examples) which are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the application provides a method for measuring the inner and outer diameter sizes of a bearing based on phase encoding structured light, wherein used hardware equipment comprises a DLP projector, an infrared CCD camera and a main control computer, and the DLP projector and the infrared CCD camera are connected with the main control computer; the main control computer is provided with a system calibration module, a grating coding module, a wrapping phase unfolding module, a three-dimensional reconstruction module and a fitting plane module;
during detection, a system calibration module firstly acquires a calibration relation between an infrared CCD camera and a DLP projector; then, processing by using a grating coding module and a wrapping phase unfolding module to obtain unwrapping phase phi required by bearing three-dimensional reconstruction, and performing backward bearing three-dimensional reconstruction by using a triangulation method; the grating coding module and the wrapping phase unwrapping module comprise the following five processing steps:
step 1: generation of sinusoidal fringe pattern and shifted half-period phase encoding pattern
The grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns and three moving half-period phase coding patterns, then, the DLP projector projects the three sine fringe patterns to obtain a bearing wrapping phase pattern modulated by an object, and the DLP projector projects the phase coding patterns of the three moving half-periods to obtain a fringe order k1 staggered with the bearing wrapping phase period, comprising the following two steps:
(1) three sine fringe patterns generation and bearing wrapping phasesThe acquisition of (1) adopts a three-step phase shift algorithm: when the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns, each pixel on the first photo is set as I 1 (x, y), the second web being I 2 (x, y), a third web is I 3 (x, y), the intensity formula for each point on the three photographs is:
i' (x, y) is the background intensity of the pixel, I "(x, y) is the modulation term,for the first beat, the original wrap phaseThe phase of all pixel points is provided with an additional phase of-2 pi/3 relative to the original wrapping phase, the second time is the original wrapping phase, and the third time is provided with an additional phase of 2 pi/3; after the three sine fringe patterns are obtained, the intensity formula is derived by utilizing a trigonometric function and a differential product formula,
wrap phase calculated by the formulaIts period range is 0,2 pi]Also known as the truncated phase.
(2) The generation of the phase code diagram of the three shifting half periods and the acquisition of the stripe order k1 adopt a phase code algorithm of the shifting half periods: first, a codeword is embedded into a phase with a step phase function,
floor [ (x-1)/p ] represents rounding down; p is the stripe pitch, or the number of pixels per cycle; n is the total number of edge periods;
δ k representing phase shift, wherein the three-step phase shift takes the values of-2 pi/3, 0 and 2 pi/3;
from the step phaseThe number of stripe stages k1 can be determined:
round (x) represents an integer nearest to x.
Step 2: binarization processing of bearing wrapping phase
Wrapping the acquired bearing with phasePerforming binarization, and recombining the binarization graph with the stripe order k1 acquired by the moving half period to generate a new stripe order k2 so as to acquire the stripe order k2 corresponding to the bearing wrapping phase period; the method comprises the following two steps:
(1) the bearing wrapping phase diagram selects a threshold value to binarize, and the wrapping phase diagram is used for the bearing wrapping phase diagramThe binarization formula of (2) is:
(2) the bearing wrapping phase binarization graph and the stripe order k1 adopt segmentation and combination to construct the stripe order k2, and the formula is as follows:
step 3: expansion and corrosion operation of streak gradation
Performing expansion corrosion operation on the acquired bar rank k2 to acquire a jump-free bar rank k3; in performing the expansion and corrosion operations, a matrix of template size 5*5 was used:
operating once using the expansion function in MATLAB:
k3=imdilate(k2,zone)
the corrosion function in MATLAB is then used more than once:
k3=imerode(k3,zone)
step 4: stripe-level sub-division combination
And carrying out region segmentation and combination on the stripe orders k2 and k3 to obtain a final correct stripe order k4, wherein the processing formula is as follows:
step 5: acquisition of absolute phase
Wrapping phases with bearingsAnd (3) unwrapping the wrapping phase with k4 to obtain a bearing unwrapping phase phi required by bearing three-dimensional reconstruction, wherein the processing formula is as follows:
then, the three-dimensional reconstruction module acquires a point cloud image of the bearing to be detected through a corresponding coordinate system conversion relation by utilizing the acquired unwrapped phase image of the bearing and a calibration relation corresponding to the camera and the projector acquired before; and finally, fitting the Ping Miandian cloud of the bearing by a fitting plane module by adopting a least square method, calculating the distance of the obtained plane point set, and obtaining the specific inner and outer diameter sizes of the bearing.
The above general description of the application and the description of specific embodiments thereof in relation to the present application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. Those skilled in the art can add, subtract or combine the features disclosed in the foregoing general description and/or the detailed description (including examples) to form other technical solutions within the scope of the application without departing from the disclosure of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring the inner and outer diameter sizes of the bearing based on the phase coding structured light is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the hardware equipment comprises a DLP projector, an infrared CCD camera and a main control computer, wherein the DLP projector and the infrared CCD camera are connected with the main control computer; the main control computer is provided with a system calibration module, a grating coding module, a wrapping phase unfolding module, a three-dimensional reconstruction module and a fitting plane module;
during detection, the system calibration module firstly acquires the calibration relation between the infrared CCD camera and the DLP projector; then, the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns and three moving half-period phase coding patterns, the master control computer projects the three sine fringe patterns and the three moving half-period phase coding patterns by using the DLP projector, the projected coding structure light falls on the surface of the bearing to be modulated, and then an infrared CCD camera is used for obtaining modulated coding structure light fringes; then, the wrapping phase unwrapping module acquires unwrapping phase phi required by three-dimensional reconstruction of the bearing by utilizing the matching of bearing wrapping phase and stripe order; then, the three-dimensional reconstruction module obtains a point cloud image of the bearing to be detected through a corresponding coordinate system conversion relation by utilizing the obtained bearing unwrapped phase image and a calibration relation corresponding to the camera and the projector which are obtained before; finally, the fitting plane module fits Ping Miandian cloud of the bearing, calculates the distance of the obtained plane point set and obtains the specific inner diameter and outer diameter of the bearing;
the grating coding module and the wrapping phase unwrapping module comprise the following five processing steps:
step 1, generating a sinusoidal fringe pattern and a phase encoding pattern of a moving half period: the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns and three moving half-period phase coding patterns, then the DLP projector projects the three sine fringe patterns to acquire a bearing wrapping phase pattern modulated by an object, and the DLP projector projects the three moving half-period phase coding patterns to acquire a phase wrapping with the bearingThe periodic staggered stripe order k1;
step 2, binarization processing of bearing wrapping phase: wrapping the acquired bearing with phasePerforming binarization, and recombining the binarization graph with the stripe order k1 acquired by the moving half period to generate a new stripe order k2 so as to acquire the stripe order k2 corresponding to the bearing wrapping phase period;
step 3, expanding and corroding the stripe order: performing expansion corrosion operation on the acquired bar rank k2 to acquire a jump-free bar rank k3;
step 4, stripe level sub-segmentation combination: the stripe orders k2 and k3 are subjected to region segmentation and combination to obtain a final correct stripe order k4;
step 5, obtaining an absolute phase: wrapping phases with bearingsAnd (3) unwrapping the wrapping phase with k4 to obtain a bearing unwrapping phase phi required by bearing three-dimensional reconstruction.
2. The method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: three sine fringe patterns generation and bearing wrapping phasesThe acquisition of (1) adopts a three-step phase shift algorithm:
when the grating coding module generates three sine fringe patterns, each pixel on the first photo is set as I 1 (x, y), the second web being I 2 (x, y), a third web is I 3 (x, y), the intensity formula for each point on the three photographs is:
i' (x, y) is the background intensity of the pixel, I "(x, y) is the modulation term,to wrap the phase, three sine fringe patterns are obtained, and then the intensity formula is deduced by using the trigonometric function and the difference product formula,
wrap phase calculated by the formulaIts period range is 0,2 pi]Also known as the truncated phase.
3. The method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the generation of the phase-encoding map for the three shifted half-cycles and the acquisition of the fringe order k1 employ a phase-encoding algorithm for the shifted half-cycles, first, the codeword is embedded into the phase with a step phase function,
floor [ (x-1)/p ] represents rounding down; p is the stripe pitch, or the number of pixels per cycle; n is the total number of edge periods;
δ k representing the phase shift of the light,three-step phase shift takes the values of-2 pi/3, 0 and 2 pi/3;
from the step phaseThe number of stripe stages k1 can be determined:
round (x) represents an integer nearest to x.
4. The method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bearing wrapping phase diagram selects a threshold value to binarize, and the wrapping phase diagram is used for the bearing wrapping phase diagramThe binarization formula of (2) is:
。
5. the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-encoding structured light according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bearing wrapping phase binarization graph and the stripe order k1 adopt segmentation and combination to construct the stripe order k2, and the formula is as follows:
。
6. the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in performing the expansion and corrosion operations, a matrix of template size 5*5 was used:
operating once using the expansion function:
k3=imdilate(k2,zone)
and then operating more than once using the corrosion function:
k3=imerode(k3,zone) 。
7. the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and k3 and k2 are subjected to region segmentation and combination to obtain the fringe order k4, wherein the processing formula is as follows:
。
8. the method for measuring the inner and outer diameter dimensions of the bearing based on the phase-coded structured light according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fitting plane module fits the Ping Miandian cloud of the bearing by a least square method.
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