CN114149245A - Heat-insulation shielding aerogel, heat-insulation shielding material, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Heat-insulation shielding aerogel, heat-insulation shielding material, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114149245A CN114149245A CN202111437859.5A CN202111437859A CN114149245A CN 114149245 A CN114149245 A CN 114149245A CN 202111437859 A CN202111437859 A CN 202111437859A CN 114149245 A CN114149245 A CN 114149245A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
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- G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00862—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat-insulation shielding aerogel, a heat-insulation shielding material, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of shielding materials. The heat-insulation shielding aerogel provided by the invention is prepared by mixing and processing functional shielding particles such as tetraethoxysilane, boron carbide and the like, wherein tetraethoxysilane is used as a base material of the aerogel, boron carbide is used as a thermal neutron absorber, and the heat-insulation shielding material prepared by combining the tetraethoxysilane and the boron carbide with a fiber prefabricated part has excellent heat-insulation performance and high-temperature stability, simultaneously has certain radiation-proof performance, and is suitable for neutron shielding in a high-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shielding materials, in particular to a heat-insulation shielding aerogel, a heat-insulation shielding material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development and application of nuclear technology, nuclear energy has been widely applied to industries such as nuclear power, nuclear powered ships, nondestructive testing, radiotherapy and the like. The radioactive sources such as nuclear reactors, accelerators and the like can generate nuclear radiation, particularly neutron radiation, and the penetrating power of the radioactive sources is strong, so that great threat can be caused to personnel and equipment, and the radiation safety and protection problems brought by the penetrating power are more and more important.
The polymer-based composite material has the characteristics of light weight, good processability, wide performance adjustable range and the like, and is increasingly applied to the field of nuclear radiation protection, such as composite materials prepared from paraffin, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like with high hydrogen content and functional shielding fillers such as boron carbide, lead powder and the like.
However, the release of heat is inevitably accompanied in the nuclear reaction process, and the thermoplastic polyolefin resin has a low heat distortion temperature and melting point, is easily deformed and melted at a high temperature, and cannot be used in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, the development of new shielding materials having certain heat insulating properties is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the polymer-based composite material for nuclear radiation protection in the prior art is easy to deform and melt at high temperature and cannot be used in a high-temperature environment, so that the heat-insulating and shielding aerogel, the heat-insulating and shielding material, the preparation method and the application thereof are provided.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a heat insulation shielding aerogel, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mole: 1-2 parts of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.003-0.005 part of boron carbide, 15-17 parts of ethanol, 2-3 parts of distilled water, 0.0004-0.0005 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.001-0.003 part of ammonia water.
Further, the heat insulation shielding aerogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by mole: 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.0037 part of boron carbide, 17 parts of ethanol, 3 parts of distilled water, 0.0005 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.001 part of ammonia water.
Further, the ethanol is absolute ethanol with the purity of 95 percent; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1%; the concentration of the ammonia water is 25%.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermal insulation shielding material, comprising the thermal insulation shielding aerogel and a fiber preform.
Further, the fiber preform is a glass fiber mat, and preferably, the thickness of the glass fiber mat is 10 mm.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the thermal insulation shielding material, comprising the following steps:
(1) mechanically stirring and mixing ethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and distilled water, adding hydrochloric acid in the stirring process, fully mixing, sealing and standing to form SiO2Sol;
(2) adding boron carbide and ammonia water into the SiO2 sol obtained in the step (1) in the stirring process, stopping stirring when gelation is about to occur, and obtaining B4C/SiO2Sol;
(3) adding the fiber prefabricated member into a mould, and pouring the B obtained in the step (2)4C/SiO2And (4) dissolving the sol to ensure that the fiber prefabricated member is completely soaked, and aging and drying to obtain the heat-insulating shielding material.
Further, in the step (1), the stirring time is 2 hours, the stirring temperature is 30 ℃, and the standing time is 7 hours.
Further, in the step (2), the stirring time is 2 hours, and the stirring temperature is 30 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the aging temperature is 55 ℃ and the aging time is 2 d.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides the thermal insulation shielding material or the application of the thermal insulation shielding material obtained by the preparation method in neutron shielding.
The process flow chart of the preparation of the heat-insulating shielding material is shown in figure 1, and Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and boron carbide (B)4C) In ethanol (EtOH), distilled water (H)2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH)3·H2Reaction in O) to form B4C/SiO2Sol; with B4C/SiO2Soaking the fiber preform with the sol to obtain a fiber-containing preform B4C/SiO2Sol, aging to obtain fiber-containing prefabricated member B4C/SiO2Sol, B of a preform containing fibres4C/SiO2And (5) gelling, and fiber/aerogel to obtain the heat-insulating shielding material.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the heat-insulation shielding aerogel provided by the invention is prepared by mixing and processing functional shielding particles such as tetraethoxysilane, boron carbide and the like, wherein tetraethoxysilane is used as a base material of the aerogel, boron carbide is used as a thermal neutron absorber, and the heat-insulation shielding material prepared by combining the tetraethoxysilane and the boron carbide with a fiber prefabricated part has excellent heat-insulation performance and high-temperature stability, simultaneously has certain radiation-proof performance, and is suitable for neutron shielding in a high-temperature environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing a thermal insulating shield material in an embodiment provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, tetraethoxysilane is a silicon source and is used as an aerogel matrix material, and the molecular formula is (C)2H5O)4Si; boron carbide as thermal neutron absorber with molecular formula of B4C, boron element is boron with natural abundance, wherein the effective component for thermal neutron absorption10B accounts for about 20% of the content of the B element; the ethanol is anhydrous ethanol (CH)3CH2OH), purity 95%; the distilled water is self-madeIonized water (H)2O); the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.1%; the concentration of ammonia water is 25%.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The raw materials or equipment used are all conventional products which can be obtained commercially, including but not limited to the raw materials or equipment used in the examples of the present application.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a heat insulation shielding material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically stirring and mixing ethyl orthosilicate (1mol), ethanol (17mol) and distilled water (3mol), adding hydrochloric acid (0.0005mol) in the stirring process, stirring at the temperature of 30 ℃, stirring for 2 hours in total, sealing and standing for 7 hours after stirring is finished to form SiO2Sol;
(2) adding boron carbide (0.0037mol) and ammonia water (0.001mol) into the SiO2 sol obtained in the step (1) in the stirring process, stirring at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h, stopping stirring when gelation is about to occur, and obtaining B4C/SiO2Sol;
(3) adding a glass fiber felt with the thickness of 10mm into a plastic mold, and pouring B obtained in the step (2)4C/SiO2And (3) dissolving the sol to ensure that the glass fiber felt is completely soaked, and aging the glass fiber felt for 2 days at 55 ℃ to obtain the thermal insulation shielding material, wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation shielding material is 20 cm.
High temperature resistance simulation:
the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation shielding material prepared in example 1 was simulated by using ANSYS, and when the hot end temperature was 210 ℃, the cold end temperature of the heat insulation shielding material prepared in example 1 was reduced to 94 ℃.
And (3) shielding performance simulation:
the thermal neutron absorption performance simulation calculation was performed on the thermal insulation shielding material prepared in example 1 by using the MCNP program, and the result showed that: the thermal neutron absorption rate can reach more than 50%.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-insulating shielding aerogel is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mole: 1-2 parts of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.003-0.005 part of boron carbide, 15-17 parts of ethanol, 2-3 parts of distilled water, 0.0004-0.0005 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.001-0.003 part of ammonia water.
2. The thermal insulation shielding aerogel according to claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mole: 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.0037 part of boron carbide, 17 parts of ethanol, 3 parts of distilled water, 0.0005 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.001 part of ammonia water.
3. The thermal insulating and shielding aerogel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said ethanol is absolute ethanol with a purity of 95%; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1%; the concentration of the ammonia water is 25%.
4. A thermal insulation shielding material comprising the thermal insulation shielding aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a fiber preform.
5. The thermal insulating shielding material according to claim 4, wherein the fiber preform is a glass fiber mat, preferably having a thickness of 10 mm.
6. The method of producing a heat insulating and shielding material according to claim 4 or 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) mechanically stirring and mixing ethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and distilled water, adding hydrochloric acid during stirring, fully mixing, sealing and standing to obtain the final productTo SiO2Sol;
(2) adding boron carbide and ammonia water into the SiO2 sol obtained in the step (1) in the stirring process, stopping stirring when gelation is about to occur, and obtaining B4C/SiO2Sol;
(3) adding the fiber prefabricated member into a mould, and pouring the B obtained in the step (2)4C/SiO2And (4) dissolving the sol to ensure that the fiber prefabricated member is completely soaked, and aging and drying to obtain the heat-insulating shielding material.
7. The method for preparing a thermal insulation shielding material according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 2 hours, the stirring temperature is 30 ℃, and the standing time is 7 hours.
8. The method for preparing a thermal insulation shielding material according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the stirring time is 2 hours and the stirring temperature is 30 ℃.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the aging temperature in step (3) is 55 ℃ and the aging time is 2 d.
10. Use of the thermal insulation shielding material according to claim 4 or 5 or the thermal insulation shielding material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in neutron shielding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111437859.5A CN114149245B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Heat-insulation shielding aerogel, heat-insulation shielding material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN202111437859.5A CN114149245B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Heat-insulation shielding aerogel, heat-insulation shielding material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0002487A1 (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-06-27 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG | Thermal insulating panel and its application |
| CN103496706A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-08 | 北京艾若格科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of aerogel composite material |
| CN108793984A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-13 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | A kind of high temperature resistant heat insulation wave transparent function integration composite material and preparation method |
| CN109575606A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-05 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of neutron shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111943713A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 龚俊琼 | Environment-friendly heat-preservation and heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-11-26 CN CN202111437859.5A patent/CN114149245B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0002487A1 (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-06-27 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG | Thermal insulating panel and its application |
| CN103496706A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-08 | 北京艾若格科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of aerogel composite material |
| CN108793984A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-13 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | A kind of high temperature resistant heat insulation wave transparent function integration composite material and preparation method |
| CN109575606A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-05 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of neutron shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111943713A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 龚俊琼 | Environment-friendly heat-preservation and heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof |
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