CN114147238A - Multi-channel electric control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method - Google Patents

Multi-channel electric control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method Download PDF

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CN114147238A
CN114147238A CN202111489883.3A CN202111489883A CN114147238A CN 114147238 A CN114147238 A CN 114147238A CN 202111489883 A CN202111489883 A CN 202111489883A CN 114147238 A CN114147238 A CN 114147238A
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air inlet
stepping motor
motor
guide plate
smoke plume
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CN114147238B (en
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吴文征
郑奥都
李桂伟
张政
李学超
周怿明
李轲
孙浩岚
赵继
任露泉
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-channel electronic control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method, and belongs to the technical field of material increase manufacturing. The stepless zooming guide air inlet device is fixed between an upper caliper and a lower caliper of the fixing frame, the driving control device is fixed on an upper motor base or a lower motor base of the fixing frame and is positioned above or below the stepless zooming guide air inlet device, the stepless zooming guide air inlet device is driven through the cylindrical gear I and the conical gear II, and the air path control and the air inlet structure are combined according to the current powder material type, equipment process parameters and smoke plume shapes, so that the adaptive elimination of the smoke plume is realized. The device and the method have the advantages that the structure is novel, the focus, the strength and the longitudinal height of the air inlet flow are dynamically adjusted, so that the effect of removing the smoke plume on the surface of the sample piece is improved, the forming quality of parts is ensured, and a novel air inlet flow control device and a novel air inlet flow control method are provided for the field of selective laser melting metal additive manufacturing.

Description

Multi-channel electric control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-channel electronic control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method, which are used for clearing smoke plumes in a selective laser melting printing process, and multi-channel airflow focuses can be regulated and controlled steplessly in an air inlet process, so that the smoke plumes can be cleared adaptively.
Background
A Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology belongs to a rapid solidification manufacturing process, and is a technology which utilizes a high-energy Laser beam to scan powder which is paved in advance according to a preset path, completely melts the powder, cools and solidifies the powder and then forms the powder. Compared with other metal additive manufacturing technologies, the SLM technology has higher forming precision and less subsequent processing amount, can form parts with higher complexity, and is one of the main directions for applying the metal additive manufacturing technology.
However, selective laser fusion forming equipment produces a certain amount of smoke and spatter at the moment when the laser and powder are acted, and is called smoke plume because the shape of the smoke plume closely resembles that of a feather. The main negative effects of the presence of smoke plume include: (1) contaminating the clear lens; (2) contamination of the powder, both of which directly lead to a severe reduction in the quality of the final molded part if not properly handled. Existing approaches generally fall into two ways to treat plumes: (1) blowing the protective gas into the circulating purification system by filling the protective gas; (2) it is sucked out of the forming chamber by means of a suction pump.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) the formed materials are different in density, powder particle size and chemical composition, the floating height, smoke dust amount and splashing amount of the formed smoke plume in the forming chamber are different, and the traditional means is difficult to carry out full adaptability adjustment; (2) because the pressure in the forming chamber needs to be controlled within a certain range, the flow of the filled protective gas or the flow of the pumped protective gas cannot be infinitely increased, even if the problem of unstable pressure is solved by balancing the gas inlet and the gas outlet through a technical means, the risk of blowing the powder by overlarge wind pressure is still existed; (3) at present, commercialized air inlet structures are designed in a single-channel mode, and under the condition that the scanning speed is high or a plurality of lasers scan simultaneously, an air compressor is difficult to adjust air pressure timely to adapt to newly generated smoke plumes, and finally the smoke plume clearing rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-channel electronic control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device and method, and aims to solve the problems that an existing air inlet structure is difficult to adjust air flow according to the shape adaptability of smoke plume, the air pressure in a forming chamber is limited, so that the air inlet pressure has a soft upper limit, and the adjusting speed of an air compressor is difficult to keep up with the generation speed of the smoke plume.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device is fixed between upper calipers and lower calipers of the fixing frame, the driving control device is fixed on an upper motor base or a lower motor base of the fixing frame and located above or below the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device, and the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device is driven through a cylindrical gear I and a conical gear II.
The fixing frame comprises an upper motor base, a lower motor base, a buckle, an upper caliper and a lower caliper, wherein the upper motor base and the lower motor base are used for fixing a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, the upper caliper and the lower caliper are used for fixing a stepless zooming diversion air inlet device, the upper caliper is hinged with the lower caliper, and the buckle is hinged with the upper caliper.
The upper motor base comprises a motor base body, a first motor fixing hole, a second motor fixing hole, a third motor fixing hole, a fourth motor fixing hole and a sliding block, wherein the third motor fixing hole and the fourth motor fixing hole are respectively used for fixing a second stepping motor and a first stepping motor, the first motor fixing hole and the second motor fixing hole are used for fixing a subsequent additional stepping motor, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with one end of the motor base body.
The invention relates to a stepless zooming diversion air inlet device which comprises an air inlet pipeline, a first conical gear, a pair of rear diversion plates, a first cylindrical gear, a second cylindrical gear, a left diversion plate and a right diversion plate, wherein the pair of rear diversion plates are rotatably connected with three shaft holes in the middle of the air inlet pipeline, the pair of rear diversion plates are fixedly connected with the first conical gear, so that the first conical gear and the second conical gear can freely rotate in the middle hole of the air inlet pipeline as a whole, the first cylindrical gear is fixedly connected with the left diversion plate, the second cylindrical gear is fixedly connected with the right diversion plate, and the first cylindrical gear is meshed with the second cylindrical gear.
The air inlet pipeline comprises a tail air inlet pipe, a transition pipeline, a flow distribution wall, a left shaft hole, a middle shaft hole, a right shaft hole, a gear reserved groove, a left air outlet channel and a right air outlet channel, wherein two ends of the transition pipeline are respectively connected with the tail air inlet pipe, the left air outlet channel and the right air outlet channel, the flow distribution wall is fixedly connected between the left air outlet channel and the right air outlet channel, the gear reserved groove is fixedly connected with the rear end of the flow distribution wall, the left shaft hole and the middle shaft hole are located on the wall of the gear reserved groove, and the right shaft hole is located on the outer wall of the right air outlet channel.
The rear guide plate pair comprises a rear left guide plate, a conical gear key, a rear guide plate shaft and a rear right guide plate, wherein the rear left guide plate and the rear right guide plate are fixedly connected with the rear guide plate shaft, the conical gear key is positioned in a groove on the rear guide plate shaft, and the rear guide plate shaft is hinged in a left shaft hole, a middle shaft hole and a right shaft hole, so that the rear guide plate pair can freely rotate as a whole.
The driving control device comprises a first stepping motor, a second stepping motor and a second bevel gear, wherein the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are fixed on an upper motor base or a lower motor base at the same side of a bolt, and the second bevel gear is fixed with a motor shaft of the second stepping motor.
The smoke plume clearing method for treating the air inlet device by adopting the multi-channel electronic control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume comprises the following steps:
(1) the device is arranged behind the selective laser melting forming equipment;
pushing the upper motor base up along a chute of the selected laser melting forming equipment, opening the calipers, fixing a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor bolt on the corresponding position of the upper motor base or the lower motor base, if the stepping motor on the upper motor base is difficult to install, continuously pushing the upper motor base up, pushing out the chute and taking out to install the stepping motor, and after the installation is finished, installing the upper motor base back into the chute;
inserting the assembled diversion air inlet unit into a reserved air inlet of selective laser melting forming equipment, and lapping the diversion air inlet unit on a lower caliper, if the stepping motor is positioned on a lower motor base, ensuring that a motor shaft of the stepping motor I is inserted into a hole of the cylindrical gear I and matched with the hole, and meshing the conical gear II with the conical gear I; if the stepping motor is positioned on the upper motor base, the upper motor base is pulled down, and the matching relation is ensured; after the error is confirmed, closing the calipers and buckling the buckles, connecting the air outlet pipe of the air compressor with the tail part of the air inlet pipeline, ensuring the sealing degree of each part, and finally connecting power lines and signal lines to the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor, namely finishing the installation;
(2) during printing, the computer calculates the form and position data of the smoke plume generated at each point in the printing process in advance or in real time according to the type of the powder material used by the current printing operation, the technological parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, the data such as scanning strategies and the like, or the smoke plume image data captured by a high-speed camera preset in the forming process, converts the form and position data of the smoke plume into the focus, intensity and longitudinal height data of the required air inlet flow through a specific algorithm, further calculates the rotation angle data of each stepping motor, and transmits the rotation angle signals to a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor;
(3) one step motor rotates by a specific angle to drive the first cylindrical gear and the second cylindrical gear, so that the left guide plate and the right guide plate symmetrically rotate, and the stepless regulation and control effect of the air inlet flow focus is realized; the second stepping motor rotates by a specific angle to drive the second conical gear and the first conical gear, so that the rear left guide plate and the rear right guide plate symmetrically swing up and down, and the longitudinal height and the strength of the intake airflow are steplessly regulated and controlled; the adaptive elimination of the smoke plume is realized.
In the step (3), the infinite airflow focus and the maximum longitudinal height of the intake airflow are taken as zero points, and when the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor rotate for a certain angle, the focus, the flow rate, the longitudinal height and the maximum rotation angle of the first stepping motor can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003397883230000031
Figure BDA0003397883230000032
h＝H(1-sinθ2)
Figure BDA0003397883230000033
wherein: f is the intake air flow focal point, c is the intake air flow velocity, h is the intake air flow longitudinal height, θmaxIs a maximum rotation angle, theta, of the stepping motor1Is a rotation angle theta of the stepping motor2Is two corners of the step motor, D is the width of the air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, H is the height of the air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, D is the diameter of the air outlet of the air compressor, and c0The flow rate of air at the outlet of the air compressor, and the lengths of the left and right guide plates.
The invention adopts 2-300 electrically controlled stepless zooming air inlet device units as a group on the whole equipment, which are alternately arranged up and down and jointly carry out air inlet operation on the forming chamber so as to realize multi-channel airflow control.
The invention has the advantages that the structure is novel, and the focus, the intensity and the longitudinal height of the air inlet flow can be adjusted in time according to the type of the currently used powder material and the process parameters such as laser power, laser scanning speed and the like in the printing process, so that the air flow is concentrated at the smoke plume; the airflow is dispersed before and after the focus, so that the flow rate and the pressure of the air at other positions in the forming chamber are not too high, and the situation that the smoke plume is blown off too far and falls on the surface of the next row of workpieces due to too large follow-up air pressure and the powder is blown off due to too large leave air pressure on the premise that the smoke plume is blown off from the upper part of the current workpiece is further ensured; because each independent unit in the group of multi-channel electric control stepless zooming air inlet devices can be independently controlled, each row of workpieces can be subjected to adaptive air inlet treatment in time according to different laser scanning progresses and the number of lasers; because the invention adopts a plurality of independent units to work cooperatively, and no drag exists among the units, the required number of the units can be selected according to the size of the air inlet of the selective laser melting molding equipment in practical use. According to the invention, according to the type of the current powder material, the technological parameters of equipment and the form of smoke plume, the air path control and the air inlet structure are combined, the adaptive elimination of the smoke plume is realized, the focus, the strength and the longitudinal height of the air inlet airflow are dynamically adjusted, so that the elimination effect of the smoke plume on the surface of a sample piece is improved, the forming quality of parts is ensured, and a novel air inlet airflow control device and method are provided for the field of selective laser melting metal additive manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an independent unit of the present invention, with the fixing frame hidden;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fixing frame of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the upper motor base of the present invention, turned upside down to show the position of the threaded hole;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the mounting bracket of the present invention mounted to the back of a selective laser melting and forming apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a stepless zoom diversion air inlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the position of the pair of rear deflectors of the present invention relative to the inlet duct and the first bevel gear, cut away for viewing;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an air inlet duct of the infinitely variable focus flow-guiding air inlet apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the rear baffle pair of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a drive control apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the corresponding size identifiers of the parameters and devices in the calculation formula of the intake airflow state, which is a partially cut intake duct and has hidden the fixing frame;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the corresponding dimensions of the parameters and devices in the calculation formula of the intake airflow state, which is a cut of the intake duct and hides the fixing frame, the driving control device, the first cylindrical gear and the second cylindrical gear.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the device comprises a fixed frame 1, a stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device 2 and a driving control device 3, wherein the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device 2 is fixed between an upper caliper 104 and a lower caliper 105 of the fixed frame 1, is positioned behind a selective laser melting forming device 4 (hereinafter referred to as device), and is connected with an air compressor through a rubber pipe; the driving control device 3 is fixed on the upper motor base 101 or the lower motor base 102 of the fixing frame 1, is positioned above or below the stepless zoom diversion air inlet device 2 (the specific position depends on the arrangement during installation), and controls and drives the stepless zoom diversion air inlet device 2 through the cylindrical gear I204 and the conical gear II 303.
According to the invention, the focus, the strength and the longitudinal height of the air inlet flow are controlled, so that the strength center of the air flow can be gathered on the smoke plume, the adaptive cleaning effect on the smoke plume is further realized, and the problems that the existing air inlet structure is difficult to perform adaptive air inlet according to the form of the smoke plume, the maximum pressure has a soft upper limit, and the air compressor is difficult to respond to an overhigh scanning speed or multiple laser sources in real time are solved.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixing frame 1 includes an upper motor base 101, a lower motor base 102, a buckle 103, an upper caliper 104 and a lower caliper 105, wherein the upper motor base 101 and the lower motor base 102 are used for fixing a first stepping motor 301, a second stepping motor 302 and a stepping motor of a unit which may be added subsequently, the upper caliper 104 and the lower caliper 105 are used for fixing the stepless zoom diversion air inlet device 2, the upper caliper 104 is hinged to the lower caliper 105, and the buckle 103 is hinged to the upper caliper 104; the upper motor base 101 is connected with the equipment in a sliding mode through a sliding groove, the lower motor base 102 is fixedly connected with the equipment, and the lower calipers 105 are fixedly connected with the equipment;
referring to fig. 4, the upper motor base 101 includes a motor base body 10101, a first motor fixing hole 10102, a second motor fixing hole 10103, a third motor fixing hole 10104, a fourth motor fixing hole 10105 and a slider 10106, wherein the third motor fixing hole 10104 and the fourth motor fixing hole 10105 can be respectively used for fixing the second stepper motor 302 and the first stepper motor 301, the first motor fixing hole 10102 and the second motor fixing hole 10103 are used for fixing the subsequent additional stepper motor, the slider 10106 is fixedly connected with one end of the motor base body 10101, and the slider 10106 is used for limiting the motor base body 10101 in a sliding groove arranged on the back of the device, so that the upper motor base 101 can slide up and down in the sliding groove without hindrance.
In addition, the structure of the lower motor base 102 is substantially the same as that of the upper motor base 101, and the only difference is that the lower motor base 102 does not include a structure similar to the sliding block 10106, and the lower motor base is fixed on the equipment and does not need to slide.
The structures of the upper motor base 101 and the lower motor base 102 are not necessarily limited to the structures shown in fig. 3 and 4, the number of the motor fixing holes can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the specific number of the multi-channel electrically-controlled stepless zoom air inlet device units, and the shape of the motor base can be changed appropriately according to the actual use condition on the premise of ensuring the stability of the device.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the infinitely variable zoom diversion air inlet device 2 includes an air inlet duct 201, a first conical gear 202, a pair of rear diversion plates 203, a first cylindrical gear 204, a second cylindrical gear 205, a left diversion plate 206 and a right diversion plate 207, the air inlet duct 201 is inserted into an air inlet slot reserved behind the device and fixed by a caliper, wherein the rear guide plate pair 203 is rotationally connected with three shaft holes in the middle of the air inlet pipeline 201, the rear guide plate pair 203 is fixedly connected with the first conical gear 202, so that the rear guide plate pair 203 and the first conical gear 202 can rotate freely in the middle hole of the air inlet pipeline 201 as a whole, the first cylindrical gear 204 is fixedly connected with the left guide plate 206, the second cylindrical gear 205 is fixedly connected with the right guide plate 207, the first cylindrical gear 204 is meshed with the second cylindrical gear 205, so that the power of the stepping motor 301 can be transmitted to the second cylindrical gear 205 through the first cylindrical gear 204, and then the left guide plate 206 and the right guide plate 207 are controlled.
Referring to fig. 8, the air inlet duct 201 includes a tail air inlet duct 20101, a transition duct 20102, a diversion wall 20103, a left shaft hole 20104, a middle shaft hole 20105, a right shaft hole 20106, a gear preformed groove 20107, a left air outlet duct 20108 and a right air outlet duct 20109, wherein the tail air inlet duct 20101 is used for being connected with an air outlet duct of the air compressor to receive air flow, two ends of the transition duct 20102 are respectively connected with the tail air inlet duct 20101, the left air outlet duct 20108 and the right air outlet duct 20109, the transition duct 20102 is used for guiding the air flow in the tail air inlet duct 20101 to be smoothly transited to the front of the diversion wall 20103, and the geometric shape of the transition duct can be generated by lofting the two sections from the head to the tail; the flow dividing wall 20103 is fixedly connected between the left air outlet channel 20108 and the right air outlet channel 20109, the flow dividing wall 20103 is used for smoothly dividing air flow flowing out of the transition pipeline 20102, the air flow can symmetrically and stably enter the left air outlet channel 20108 and the right air outlet channel 20109, the gear reserved groove 20107 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the flow dividing wall 20103, the gear reserved groove 20107 is used for preventing parts from colliding and overlapping when the conical gear 202 and the rear guide plate pair 203 are assembled subsequently, the left shaft hole 20104 and the middle shaft hole 20105 are located on the wall of the gear reserved groove 20107, the right shaft hole 20106 is located on the outer wall of the right air outlet channel 20109, the left shaft hole 20104, the middle shaft hole 20105 and the right air outlet channel 20106 are used for hinging the rear guide plate pair 203, and the left air outlet channel 20108 and the right air outlet channel 20109 are used for enabling the divided air flow to flow out so that the flow guiding operation can be performed subsequently.
Referring to fig. 9, the rear air deflector pair 203 includes a rear left air deflector 20301, a bevel gear key 20302, a rear air deflector shaft 20303 and a rear right air deflector 20304, wherein the rear left air deflector 20301 and the rear right air deflector 20304 are fixedly connected to the rear air deflector shaft 20303 and are respectively located in the left air outlet channel 20108 and the right air outlet channel 20109 for adjusting the strength and the longitudinal height of the intake air flow, the bevel gear key 20302 is located in a groove on the rear air deflector shaft 20303 for ensuring that the bevel gear one 202 can rotate synchronously with the rear air deflector shaft 20303, and the rear air deflector shaft 20303 is hinged to the left shaft hole 20104, the middle shaft hole 20105 and the right shaft hole 20106, so that the rear air deflector pair 203 can rotate freely as a whole.
During assembly, the rear left guide plate 20301 and the rear right guide plate 20304 are respectively placed in the left air outlet channel 20108 and the right air outlet channel 20109, the first conical gear 202 is placed in the gear preformed groove 20107, the rear guide plate shaft 20303 is inserted from the right shaft hole 20106, the rear right guide plate 20304, the middle shaft hole 20105, the first conical gear 202, the left shaft hole 20104 and the rear left guide plate 20301 sequentially pass through, the first conical gear 202 is moved to one side, the conical gear key 20302 is placed in the key groove of the rear guide plate shaft 20303, and the first conical gear 202 is moved back to be matched with the conical gear key 20302 to enable the rear guide plate shaft 20303 to rotate coaxially. After the error is confirmed, the assembly of the rear baffle pair 203 is completed.
During operation, due to the axial force of the first conical gear 202, the rear baffle shaft 20303 is axially fixed by abutting against the wall of the left air outlet channel 20108, and the first conical gear 202 is axially fixed by abutting against a left protrusion of the conical gear key 20302, so that the rear baffle shaft 20303 and the conical gear 202 are ensured to rotate only in situ without axial deviation.
The driving control device 3 comprises a first stepping motor 301, a second stepping motor 302 and a second bevel gear 303, wherein the first stepping motor 301 and the second stepping motor 302 are fixed on the upper motor base 101 or the lower motor base 102 at the same side by bolts, the specific fixing positions depend on the arrangement of the multi-channel electric control stepless zoom air inlet device in practical use, and the second bevel gear 303 and a motor shaft of the second stepping motor 302 are fixed, so that the power of the second stepping motor 302 can be transmitted to the rear left guide plate 20301 and the rear right guide plate 20304 through the second bevel gear 303, the first bevel gear 202 and the rear guide plate shaft 20303.
The smoke plume clearing method for treating the air inlet device by adopting the multi-channel electronic control stepless zooming SLM smoke plume comprises the following steps:
(1) mounted behind selective laser melting forming equipment
Pushing the upper motor base 101 up along a chute of the selective laser melting molding equipment, opening the calipers, fixing a first stepping motor 301 and a second stepping motor 302 on the corresponding positions of the upper motor base 101 or the lower motor base 102 by bolts, if the stepping motors on the upper motor base 101 are difficult to install, continuously pushing the upper motor base 101 up, pushing the chutes out and taking out to install the stepping motors, and after the installation is finished, installing the upper motor base 101 back into the chute;
inserting the assembled diversion air inlet unit 2 into a reserved air inlet of selective laser melting forming equipment, and lapping on a lower caliper 105, if the stepping motor is positioned on a lower motor base 102, ensuring that a motor shaft of a first stepping motor 301 is inserted into a hole of a first cylindrical gear 204 and matched with the hole, and meshing a second conical gear 303 with a first conical gear 202; if the stepping motor is positioned on the upper motor base 101, the upper motor base is pulled down, and the matching relation is ensured; after the error is confirmed, the calipers 104 are closed, the buckles 103 are buckled, the air outlet pipe of the air compressor is connected with the tail part of the air inlet pipeline 201, the sealing degree of each part is ensured, and finally, power lines and signal lines are connected to the first stepping motor 301 and the second stepping motor 302, namely the installation is finished;
if a plurality of electrically controlled stepless zooming air inlet devices are used to form a multi-channel configuration, a plurality of units are arranged in parallel during installation, and the installation mode is the same as the above;
(2) during printing, a computer calculates the form and position data of smoke plumes generated at each point in the printing process in advance or in real time according to the type of powder materials used by the current printing operation, technological parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, data such as scanning strategies and the like, or smoke plume image data captured by a high-speed camera preset during forming, converts the smoke plume form and position data into focus, intensity and longitudinal height data of required air inflow through a specific algorithm, further calculates the rotation angle data of each stepping motor, and transmits rotation angle signals to a first stepping motor 301 and a second stepping motor 302;
the first stepping motor 301 rotates by a specific angle to drive the first cylindrical gear 204 and the second cylindrical gear 205, so that the left guide plate 206 and the right guide plate 207 symmetrically rotate, and the stepless regulation and control effect of the air inlet airflow focus is realized; the second stepping motor 302 rotates by a specific angle to drive the second conical gear 303 and the first conical gear 202, so that the rear left guide plate 20301 and the rear right guide plate 20304 can symmetrically swing up and down, and stepless regulation and control on the longitudinal height and the strength of the intake airflow are realized;
when the first stepping motor 301 and the second stepping motor 302 rotate by a certain angle, the focus, the flow rate, the longitudinal height, and the maximum rotation angle of the first stepping motor 301 can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003397883230000081
Figure BDA0003397883230000082
h＝H(1-sinθ2)
Figure BDA0003397883230000083
wherein: f is the intake air flow focal point, c is the intake air flow velocity, h is the intake air flow longitudinal height, θmaxIs the maximum rotation angle, theta, of the stepping motor 3011Is the first 301 rotation angle, theta, of the stepping motor2A second 302 turning angle of the stepping motor, D width of an air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, H height of the air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, D diameter of an air outlet of the air compressor, and c0The flow rate of air at the outlet of the air compressor, and the lengths of the left and right guide plates.
It should be understood that the above formula only describes the ideal condition, and the influence of the shape of the forming chamber, the gas turbulence and other factors need to be considered in practical use.
When a group of multi-channel electric control stepless zooming air inlet devices are arranged in parallel, smoke plumes generated by each row of printing parts can be subjected to timely air inlet operation, even in the situation that the laser scanning speed is high or multiple laser sources work cooperatively, the sequence of the laser scanning parts is only required to be parallel to the arrangement direction of the air inlet units, and the multi-channel electric control stepless zooming air inlet devices driven and controlled by stepping motors can also achieve the real-time response effect far exceeding that of the traditional air inlet structure.
As described above, the focus, the strength and the longitudinal height of the air inlet flow can be better and steplessly regulated and controlled by the invention, and the adaptive air inlet of the smoke plumes with different forms is realized. In addition, in practical use, the multi-channel electrically-controlled stepless variable-focus air inlet devices are not required to be limited by the above examples, for example, under the condition that the space and the sealing condition of the printing equipment allow, the multi-channel electrically-controlled stepless variable-focus air inlet devices can be arranged along a fan shape, so that multi-angle coordinated air inlet of a workpiece is realized, and the effect of strengthening the air pressure of an airflow focus area is achieved. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides an air inlet unit is handled to automatically controlled electrodeless of multichannel SLM smoke plume which characterized in that: the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device is fixed between upper calipers and lower calipers of the fixing frame, the driving control device is fixed on an upper motor base or a lower motor base of the fixing frame and located above or below the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device, and the stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device is driven through a cylindrical gear I and a conical gear II.
2. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fixing frame comprises an upper motor base, a lower motor base, a buckle, an upper caliper and a lower caliper, wherein the upper motor base and the lower motor base are used for fixing a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, the upper caliper and the lower caliper are used for fixing a stepless zooming and diversion air inlet device, the upper caliper is hinged with the lower caliper, and the buckle is hinged with the upper caliper.
3. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the upper motor base comprises a motor base body, a first motor fixing hole, a second motor fixing hole, a third motor fixing hole, a fourth motor fixing hole and a sliding block, wherein the third motor fixing hole and the fourth motor fixing hole are respectively used for fixing the second stepping motor and the first stepping motor, the first motor fixing hole and the second motor fixing hole are used for fixing the subsequent additional stepping motor, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with one end of the motor base body.
4. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stepless zooming guide air inlet device comprises an air inlet pipeline, a first conical gear, a pair of rear guide plates, a first cylindrical gear, a second cylindrical gear, a left guide plate and a right guide plate, wherein the pair of rear guide plates are rotatably connected with three shaft holes in the middle of the air inlet pipeline, the pair of rear guide plates are fixedly connected with the first conical gear, so that the pair of rear guide plates and the first conical gear can freely rotate in the holes in the middle of the air inlet pipeline as a whole, the first cylindrical gear is fixedly connected with the left guide plate, the second cylindrical gear is fixedly connected with the right guide plate, and the first cylindrical gear is meshed with the second cylindrical gear.
5. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 4, which is characterized in that: the inlet duct includes afterbody intake pipe, transition pipeline, reposition of redundant personnel wall, left shaft hole, centre shaft hole, right shaft hole, gear preformed groove, left ventiduct and right ventiduct, wherein afterbody intake pipe and left ventiduct, right ventiduct are connected respectively to transition pipeline both ends, reposition of redundant personnel wall fixed connection is in the middle of left ventiduct and right ventiduct, gear preformed groove and reposition of redundant personnel wall rear end fixed connection, left shaft hole, centre shaft hole are located the wall in gear preformed groove, right shaft hole is located the outer wall in right ventiduct.
6. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 4, which is characterized in that: the rear guide plate pair comprises a rear left guide plate, a conical gear key, a rear guide plate shaft and a rear right guide plate, wherein the rear left guide plate and the rear right guide plate are fixedly connected with the rear guide plate shaft, the conical gear key is positioned in a groove on the rear guide plate shaft, and the rear guide plate shaft is hinged in a left shaft hole, a middle shaft hole and a right shaft hole, so that the rear guide plate pair can rotate freely as a whole.
7. The multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume processing air inlet device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the driving control device comprises a first stepping motor, a second stepping motor and a second bevel gear, wherein the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are fixed on the upper motor base or the lower motor base at the same side of the bolt, and the second bevel gear is fixed with a motor shaft of the second stepping motor.
8. The smoke plume clearing method for the air inlet device processed by the multi-channel electric control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the device is arranged behind the selective laser melting forming equipment;
pushing the upper motor base up along a chute of the selected laser melting forming equipment, opening the calipers, fixing a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor bolt on the corresponding position of the upper motor base or the lower motor base, if the stepping motor on the upper motor base is difficult to install, continuously pushing the upper motor base up, pushing out the chute and taking out to install the stepping motor, and after the installation is finished, installing the upper motor base back into the chute;
inserting the assembled diversion air inlet unit into a reserved air inlet of selective laser melting forming equipment, and lapping the diversion air inlet unit on a lower caliper, if the stepping motor is positioned on a lower motor base, ensuring that a motor shaft of the stepping motor I is inserted into a hole of the cylindrical gear I and matched with the hole, and meshing the conical gear II with the conical gear I; if the stepping motor is positioned on the upper motor base, the upper motor base is pulled down, and the matching relation is ensured; after the error is confirmed, closing the calipers and buckling the buckles, connecting the air outlet pipe of the air compressor with the tail part of the air inlet pipeline, ensuring the sealing degree of each part, and finally connecting power lines and signal lines to the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor, namely finishing the installation;
(2) during printing, the computer calculates the form and position data of the smoke plume generated at each point in the printing process in advance or in real time according to the type of the powder material used by the current printing operation, the technological parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, the data such as scanning strategies and the like, or the smoke plume image data captured by a high-speed camera preset in the forming process, converts the form and position data of the smoke plume into the focus, intensity and longitudinal height data of the required air inlet flow through a specific algorithm, further calculates the rotation angle data of each stepping motor, and transmits the rotation angle signals to a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor;
(3) one step motor rotates by a specific angle to drive the first cylindrical gear and the second cylindrical gear, so that the left guide plate and the right guide plate symmetrically rotate, and the stepless regulation and control effect of the air inlet flow focus is realized; the second stepping motor rotates by a specific angle to drive the second conical gear and the first conical gear, so that the rear left guide plate and the rear right guide plate symmetrically swing up and down, and the longitudinal height and the strength of the intake airflow are steplessly regulated and controlled; the adaptive elimination of the smoke plume is realized.
9. The smoke plume clearing method for processing the air intake device by adopting the multi-channel electronic control stepless zoom SLM smoke plume as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the airflow focus is infinity, and the maximum longitudinal height of the intake airflow is taken as a zero point, and when the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor rotate for a certain angle, the focus, the flow rate, the longitudinal height and the maximum rotation angle of the first stepping motor can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003397883220000031
Figure FDA0003397883220000032
h＝H(1-sinθ2)
Figure FDA0003397883220000033
wherein: f is the intake air flow focal point, c is the intake air flow velocity, h is the intake air flow longitudinal height, θmaxIs a maximum rotation angle, theta, of the stepping motor1Is a rotation angle theta of the stepping motor2Is two corners of the step motor, D is the width of the air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, H is the height of the air outlet passage of the air inlet pipeline, D is the diameter of the air outlet of the air compressor, and c0The air flow rate at the outlet of the air compressor and the length of the left/right guide plate.
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