CN114146064A - Genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting function and method thereof - Google Patents
Genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting function and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting and a method thereof. Expressing tumor-related macrophage targeting peptide on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells KPC in a lentivirus transfection mode, and constructing a pancreatic cancer cell line over-expressed by macrophage targeting peptide M2 pep; loading gemcitabine (a first-line chemotherapy medicament for pancreatic cancer) in a polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer by using a multiple emulsion method, and self-assembling to form polylactic acid-glycolic acid nano microspheres; and (3) extracting the cell membrane vesicles of the pancreatic cancer cell line by using a gradient centrifugation method, and encapsulating polylactic acid-glycollic acid nano microspheres to obtain the pancreatic cancer microenvironment reinforced targeted genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microspheres. The cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere can be enriched in pancreatic cancer tissues in a large amount, reduces non-specific accumulation of other tissues in vivo, realizes a specific targeting effect on the pancreatic cancer tissues, and has the advantage of accurately delivering a large amount of chemotherapeutic gemcitabine to the pancreatic cancer tissues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biomedical material, in particular to a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of bionic nano-carriers.
Background
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the pancreas, and accounts for about 1% to 2% of the total malignant tumor, and has been increasing in recent years. The most common part of the tumor growth is the head of the pancreas, which is about more than 60%, and the tail part of the pancreas, which is the tail part of the pancreas, and the total pancreatic cancer is the least, which only accounts for about 5%. Men are more than women, and the age of high incidence is 40-65 years. The disease is the most malignant, and the number of deaths ranks the fourth malignant tumor. Because the clinical manifestations are hidden, the onset is rapid, and the early diagnosis is very difficult, most of them are diagnosed at the late stage. Chemotherapy based on a nano system is becoming the popular direction in the research field of nano drug tumor treatment in recent years, and has the characteristics of high treatment accuracy, small damage to normal tissues and high biological safety. The treatment effect of the existing chemotherapy is limited, and the side effect is large. The efficient targeting nano-carrier is used for carrying a great amount of chemotherapeutic drug molecules to be enriched in pancreatic cancer, and the method is one of strategies for improving the treatment effect. The tumor cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere is a bionic nano-microsphere with a tumor cell membrane coating, and the membrane protein of tumor cells provides the functions of camouflage and active targeting of tumor tissues for a nano-carrier. The targeting peptide is a short peptide with high affinity for specific cellular components. Through a gene engineering mode, the targeting peptide is expressed on the surface of the cell membrane so as to realize the superposition of targeting effects, and hopefully construct the cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere for strengthening the pancreatic cancer targeting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer targeting and a preparation method thereof. The homologous homing targeting effect of the pancreatic cancer cell membrane bionic nano system and the active affinity targeting effect of the tumor-related macrophage targeting peptide are combined together to realize the double targeting enhancement effect. Meanwhile, the nano system with the chemotherapy function is efficiently delivered to pancreatic cancer tissues by utilizing the targeting capability to pancreatic cancer, so that the pancreatic cancer is treated.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining a genetically engineered cell membrane in a cell culture mode, and wrapping the cell membrane on the surface of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microsphere in a co-extrusion mode of a liposome extruder to form the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting. The operation is simple and easy, and the process parameters are easy to control. The cell membrane bionic nano-microspheres can be enriched in pancreatic cancer tissues in a large amount, reduce non-specific accumulation of other tissues in vivo and realize a specific targeting effect on the pancreatic cancer tissues. .
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting comprises:
the nano system is a core-shell structure, the diameter of the nano system is about 100nm, and the outer shell of the core-shell structure is KPC of pancreatic cancer cell line KPC of genetic engineering over-expression transmembrane proteinM2pep+A cell membrane; the inner core of the core-shell structure is a poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microsphere for encapsulating gemcitabine.
The over-expressed transmembrane protein is over-expressed macrophage targeting peptide M2pep and mainly comprises a signal peptide, a targeting peptide, enhanced green fluorescent protein, 3XFLAG marker peptide and glycosylated phosphoinositide anchoring protein which are connected in sequence; the signal peptide is an IL-2 transmembrane protein signal peptide, and the targeting peptide is a macrophage specific targeting peptide.
The Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) is used for membrane protein fluorescent labeling, and the amino acid sequence of the Enhanced green fluorescent protein is 'MVSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTLTYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYIMADKQKNGIKVNFKIRHNIEDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITLGMDELYK'.
3XFLAG labeled peptide is used for detecting target protein by Western Blot.
Glycosylated phosphatidylinositol anchor proteins are used to stabilize membrane protein structures.
The amino acid sequence of the macrophage specificity targeting peptide is YEQDPWGVKWWY, such as SEQ ID NO. 1.
In the gemcitabine-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microspheres, the ratio of polylactic acid: the mass ratio of the polyglycolic acid is 1: 1, the mass ratio of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer to the gemcitabine is 5: 1-1: 5.
secondly, a preparation method of the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cell line KPC for genetically engineering expression of M2pep targeting peptideM2pep+The construction of (1):
constructing an overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep and a corresponding lentivirus thereof, transfecting the overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep to pancreatic cancer cells through the lentivirus, and establishing a pancreatic cancer cell line which stably expresses the overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep on cell membranes;
in the first step, pancreatic cancer cells are treatedLaying KPC in a 6-hole plate, culturing for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 ℃, adding lentivirus corresponding to the overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep with 20 microliter/hole, and culturing for 24 hours at 37 ℃ to obtain the pancreatic cancer cell line KPC of the genetic engineering overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pepM2pep+。
Step two: KPC (Key performance control)M2pep+Cell membrane separation and purification:
collecting pancreatic cancer cells stably expressing over-expressed macrophage targeting peptide M2pep on cell membranes, using cell lysate containing 1% of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride by mass fraction to perform cell lysis, repeatedly freezing and thawing cell solution at normal temperature in liquid nitrogen, and using a gradient centrifugation method to obtain cell membrane fragment solution;
in the second step, the cells are scraped off by using a cell scraper, the cells are collected by centrifuging at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, then 1 ml of cell lysate containing 1% by mass of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride is added, and the cell lysate is sequentially placed in liquid nitrogen and repeatedly frozen and thawed at normal temperature until the cells are broken; followed by centrifugation at 4 ℃ and 700g for 10 minutes, collection of the supernatant solution, and finally 14000g for 30 minutes, collection of the precipitate as KPCM2pep+Cell membrane fragments.
Step three: preparing the gemcitabine molecule-entrapped polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microspheres:
step four: preparing a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microsphere:
according to the mass ratio of 1: and 2, mixing the cell membrane fragment solution and the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microspheres containing gemcitabine molecules, extruding the mixture through a polycarbonate porous membrane with the thickness of 200nm by using a liposome extruder after ultrasonic treatment, and repeatedly processing the mixture by using the liposome extruder to obtain the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microspheres with uniform size distribution.
And step three, specifically, dropwise adding the acetonitrile solution of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer into the ethanol solution of gemcitabine by using an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution, centrifuging the obtained mixed solution by using an ultrafiltration tube to remove free gemcitabine molecules, and filtering by using a needle filter to remove the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microspheres with larger diameters to obtain the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nanospheres containing gemcitabine molecules with uniform size distribution.
The ultrasonic instrument is specifically an ultrasonic cell disruptor.
Preparing an 80 wt% acetonitrile solution of 2 g/l polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and a 4 wt% ethanol solution of 0.75 g/l gemcitabine, and dropwise adding the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer solution into the gemcitabine solution under the ultrasonic wave of 20kHz frequency and 40W power, wherein the mass mixing ratio is 1: 1, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution, centrifuging the obtained mixed solution for 30 minutes by using an Amicon ultra-4 ultrafiltration tube at 3000 rpm, taking the upper layer solution, and filtering the upper layer solution for 3 times by using a 0.22 micron needle filter to obtain the gemcitabine molecule-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nanospheres with the average diameter of 0.22 micron.
In the fourth step, an ultrasonic cell disruptor is used for disrupting the cells at the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 20W according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, ultrasonically mixing the cell membrane fragment solution and the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microsphere containing gemcitabine molecules.
The invention expresses pancreatic cancer targeted peptide on the surface of pancreatic cancer KPC in a lentivirus transfection mode, constructs KPC over-expressed by pancreatic cancer targeted peptide M2pepM2pep+Pancreatic cancer cell lines. Gemcitabine is loaded in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer by using a multiple emulsion method, and the polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanometer microsphere is formed by self-assembly. Extraction of KPC using gradient centrifugationM2pep+The cell membrane vesicles of the pancreatic cancer cell line entrap the polylactic acid-glycollic acid nano microspheres to obtain the pancreatic cancer enhanced targeted genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microspheres. The nano-microsphere has the advantage of accurately delivering the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine to pancreatic cancer tissues in a large quantity.
The invention has the advantages that:
the cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere can be enriched in pancreatic cancer tissues in a large amount, reduces non-specific accumulation of other tissues in vivo and realizes a specific targeting effect on the pancreatic cancer tissues.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscope and particle size plot of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an in vitro targeting map of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an in vitro targeting map of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: cell line KPC for genetically engineering expression of M2pep targeting peptideM2pep+Construction of
Pancreatic cancer cell line KPC was plated at a density of 1X 105/well in 6-well plates and cultured routinely at 37 ℃ for 24 hours in an incubator. Transfecting KPC cells by using an M2pep targeting peptide overexpression virus packaged by lentiviruses, adding 20 microliters of lentiviruses into each hole, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain KPC expressing the M2pep targeting peptideM2pep+A cell line.
Step two: KPC (Key performance control)M2pep+Cell membrane separation and purification
Culture of KPC Using a 10cm diameter Petri dishM2pep+Cells, after 80% of the culture dish was filled with cells, the medium was removed, washed once with phosphate buffered saline solution, the cells were gently scraped with a cell scraper, and the cells were transferred to a 15 ml centrifuge tube. The cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was aspirated and then gently resuspended in phosphate buffered saline, a small amount of the cells was counted, and 600g of the remaining cells were centrifuged for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant. 1 ml of cell lysate containing 1% phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride was added to the centrifuge tube, and the cells were thoroughly suspended by pipetting with a pipette and allowed to stand on an ice bath for 15 minutes to swell the cells. And then repeatedly freezing and thawing the centrifuge tube in liquid nitrogen at normal temperature until the cells are broken. Followed by centrifugation at 4 ℃ and 700g for 10 minutes, the supernatant solution was collected and finally 14000g for 30 minutes to collect the precipitate as cell membrane debris.
Step three: preparing the poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer nano-microspheres encapsulating gemcitabine molecules.
2 mg of polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer was dissolved in 1 ml of 80% acetonitrile solution, and 0.75 mg of gemcitabine was dissolved in 1 ml of 4% ethanol solution. The polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer solution was added dropwise to the gemcitabine solution using an ultrasonic cell disruptor at a frequency of 20kHz and a power of 40W to give 2 ml of a mixed solution, and sonicated for 10 minutes. The resulting mixed solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes using an Amicon ultra-4 ultrafiltration tube. And filtering the upper solution by using a 0.22 micron needle filter for 3 times to obtain the gemcitabine molecule-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microspheres with the average diameter of 0.22 micron.
Step four: preparing the gene engineering cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere.
Mixing a polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer solution with the gemcitabine of which the mass is 0.2 mg with a cell membrane solution of which the mass is 0.1 mg, and metering to 1 ml. Using an ultrasonic cell disruptor, sonication was carried out at a frequency of 20kHz and a power of 20W for 5 minutes to mix well. The mixed solution is extruded through a polycarbonate porous membrane with the diameter of 200 nanometers by using an Avanti liposome extruder, and the process is repeated for 11 times to ensure that the cell membrane can be fully coated on the surface of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nanometer microsphere, so as to form the gene engineering cell membrane bionic nanometer microsphere with the diameter of about 200 nanometers.
And (3) using a transmission electron microscope to represent the morphology of the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microspheres. Absorbing 10 mu L of nano microsphere solution, gently dripping the nano microsphere solution on a transmission electron microscope carbon supporting film copper mesh, drying the water on the copper mesh by using an infrared lamp, and dripping 5 mu L of 2% uranyl acetate solution to carry out copper mesh negative dyeing. And (3) drying by using an infrared lamp again, putting the copper mesh into a sample inlet hole of a transmission electron microscope, and taking a picture to obtain the shape of the nano system as shown in figure 2. The result shows that the gene engineering cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere is of a core-shell structure, the diameter is distributed about 100 nanometers, and the thickness of the cell membrane coating is about 7 nanometers. The cell membrane vesicle is positioned on the surface of the nano microsphere, and the core of the nano microsphere is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer encapsulating gemcitabine molecules.
Flow cytometry detection of phagocytic capacity was performed using pancreatic cancer cell lines KPC. The cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 × 104/well, 200 μ l of genetically engineered cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles with a concentration of 20 μmol were added, and the average fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry after 3 hours of culture, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. The results show that the average fluorescence intensity of the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microspheres is 58586 which is 2.26 times and 3.95 times the average fluorescence intensity of the common cell membrane bionic nano-microspheres and the polymer nano-microspheres respectively, and the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microspheres are proved to have the effect of efficient in-vitro targeting.
Therefore, the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere obtained by the embodiment of the invention has a specific targeting effect on pancreatic cancer tissues.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
The sequence related by the invention is as follows:
SEQ ID NO.1:
name: the source of the amino acid sequence of the macrophage specific targeting peptide is as follows: artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence) YEQDPWGVKWWY.
Sequence listing
<110> Zhejiang University (Zhejiang University)
<120> genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting and method thereof
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 36
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
tacgagcagg acccttgggg cgtgaagtgg tggtac 36
Claims (10)
1. A genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano-microsphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting is characterized in that: the nano system is of a core-shell structure, and the outer shell of the core-shell structure is a cell membrane of a pancreatic cancer cell which expresses transmembrane protein through genetic engineering; the inner core of the core-shell structure is a poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microsphere for encapsulating gemcitabine.
2. The genetically engineered cell membrane biomimetic nanosphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting of claim 1, wherein: the over-expressed transmembrane protein is over-expressed macrophage targeting peptide M2pep and mainly comprises a signal peptide, a targeting peptide, enhanced green fluorescent protein, 3XFLAG marker peptide and glycosylated phosphoinositide anchoring protein which are connected in sequence; the signal peptide is an IL-2 transmembrane protein signal peptide, and the targeting peptide is a macrophage specific targeting peptide.
3. The genetically engineered cell membrane biomimetic nanosphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting of claim 1, wherein: the amino acid sequence of the macrophage specific targeting peptide is YEQDPWGVKWWY.
4. The genetically engineered cell membrane biomimetic nanosphere with pancreatic cancer microenvironment targeting of claim 1, wherein: in the gemcitabine-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microspheres, the ratio of polylactic acid: the mass ratio of the polyglycolic acid is 1: 1, the mass ratio of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer to the gemcitabine is 5: 1-1: 5.
5. the preparation method of the genetically engineered cell membrane biomimetic nano-microsphere according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cell line KPC for genetically engineering expression of M2pep targeting peptideM2pep+The construction of (1):
constructing an overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep and a corresponding lentivirus thereof, transfecting the overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep to pancreatic cancer cells through the lentivirus, and establishing a pancreatic cancer cell line which stably expresses the overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep on cell membranes;
step two: KPC (Key performance control)M2pep+Cell membrane separation and purification:
collecting pancreatic cancer cells stably expressing over-expressed macrophage targeting peptide M2pep on cell membranes, using cell lysis solution containing phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride to lyse the cells, repeatedly freezing and thawing the cell solution at normal temperature in liquid nitrogen, and using a gradient centrifugation method to obtain cell membrane debris solution;
step three: preparing the gemcitabine molecule-entrapped polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microspheres:
step four: preparing a genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microsphere:
mixing the cell membrane fragment solution and the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microspheres containing gemcitabine molecules, extruding the mixture through a polycarbonate porous membrane by using a liposome extruder after ultrasonic treatment, and repeatedly processing the mixture by using the liposome extruder to obtain the genetically engineered cell membrane bionic nano microspheres with uniform size distribution.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
in the first step, pancreatic cancer cells KPC are paved in a 6-hole plate, cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, added with lentivirus corresponding to overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pep in 20 microliter/hole, and cultured at 37 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the pancreatic cancer cell lines KPC of the genetic engineering overexpression macrophage targeting peptide M2pepM2pep+。
7. The method of claim 5, wherein:
in the second step, the cells are scraped off by using a cell scraper, the cells are collected by centrifuging at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, then 1 ml of cell lysate containing 1% by mass of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride is added, and the cell lysate is sequentially placed in liquid nitrogen and repeatedly frozen and thawed at normal temperature until the cells are broken; followed by centrifugation at 4 ℃ and 700g for 10 minutes, collection of the supernatant solution, and finally 14000g for 30 minutes, collection of the precipitate as KPCM2pep+Cell membrane fragments.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
and step three, specifically, dropwise adding the acetonitrile solution of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer into the ethanol solution of gemcitabine by using an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution, centrifuging the obtained mixed solution by using an ultrafiltration tube to remove free gemcitabine molecules, and filtering by using a needle filter to remove the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer microspheres with larger diameters to obtain the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nanospheres containing gemcitabine molecules with uniform size distribution.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein:
preparing an 80 wt% acetonitrile solution of 2 g/l polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and a 4 wt% ethanol solution of 0.75 g/l gemcitabine, and dropwise adding the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer solution into the gemcitabine solution under the ultrasonic wave of 20kHz frequency and 40W power, wherein the mass mixing ratio is 1: 1, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution, centrifuging the obtained mixed solution for 30 minutes by using an Amicon ultra-4 ultrafiltration tube at 3000 rpm, taking the upper layer solution, and filtering the upper layer solution for 3 times by using a 0.22 micron needle filter to obtain the gemcitabine molecule-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nanospheres with the average diameter of 0.22 micron.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein:
in the fourth step, an ultrasonic cell disruptor is used for disrupting the cells at the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 20W according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, ultrasonically mixing the cell membrane fragment solution and the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer nano microsphere containing gemcitabine molecules.
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