CN1141425A - 有形装药的钨增强衬 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种由粉末钨和粉末金属粘结剂混合物构成的有形装药的衬,该衬是通过压缩混合物成一大致呈锥形的刚体所构成。在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,该混合物有约80%重量百分比的钨和20%重量百分比的金属粘结剂,在本发明的一个具体实施例中,石墨粉与粉末金属粘结剂和钨相混以用作一润滑剂,粉末金属粘结剂最好有一种可延展韧性的金属,诸如铅、铋、锡、锌、银、锑、钴、镍或铀。
Description
本申请是1995年5月15日提交的专利申请的部分继续申请且转让给本发明的转让人,其名称为“有形装药的钨增强衬”
有形装药用于为了在叫穿孔之间使它们呈液流通路,穿孔即为在钻通地层的井孔,这样地层中一定的穿孔能对井孔呈液流相通。穿孔是必需的因为井孔典型地是由同轴地插入一个管子或套管到孔内来完成而且壳体在井孔内,通过把水泥泵入井孔和壳体之间的环形空间内来定位,该水泥的套管设置在井孔内专门为了使由井孔穿透的各地层相互间液流不相通
在打井孔的先有技术中的有形装药可包括一个套管,大量化学成份例如HMX,RDX或HNS的高能炸药插入套管内以及一个插入高能炸药内的衬,该衬典型地是由一压缩的金属粉末构成一锥形的形状,所用的金属粉末主要是由铜组成,该金属粉末还包括一定量的铅混和在其内,一般其重量不超过20%,另外,例如向韦纳颁发的美国专利NO5,221,808所公开的,上述的铅可用铋来代替。
当爆炸高能炸药时,爆炸力崩塌了装药的衬并且把上述衬以非常高的速度以一种喷流的形式从装药的一端弹出。该喷流穿透套筒、水泥和大量地层,在美国石油研究院出版的推荐试验第43号(“RP-43”)所规定的标准条件下,对一个特殊设计形状的装药能估计出喷流可能穿透的地层量,在RP-43中规定的试验程序包括使用一个长的喷流局部穿透的水泥靶,对任何特殊类型的有形装药,喷流穿透RP-43规定靶的深度对比一相似类型的装药,喷流穿透地层的深度有一个对应度。
为了提供具有与地层有效的流体连通的钻孔,已知的先有技术是用各种方式设计有形装药来提供一种能穿透大量地层的喷气流,该地层量通常又称为钻孔的穿透深度。在先有技术中,一种已知增加穿透深度的方法是增加在壳体内设有的炸药量,增加炸药量的缺点是爆炸所生的能量向各个方向延伸扩展而不是向着喷流从壳体喷出的那个方向。因此当炸药量增加时它就能加大爆炸引起的对井孔以及把装药运到钻孔成形的井孔内深处的设备的损坏量。
从先有技术中还知道用各种方式设计衬的形状以便对任何特殊量的炸药的有形装药达到最大的穿透深度,即使衬的形状为最佳,用于钻孔而传到衬上的能量值必须由炸药量加以限制。
在美国专利NO5,221,808(申请人韦纳)所公开的铜/铋衬据信与由含铅装药衬贮存在钻孔内的铅相配合就能减小对环境的风险,但是如美国专利NO5,221,808在第二栏48行49行所述,在药衬内的铋和铜的组合提供一种能喷射得像标准有形装药一样好的有形装药,该标准装药指的是在衬料里包括铜和铅的装药,故而在衬料里用铋代替铅并没有使装药增加穿透深度。
为了改善有形装药的性能,从先有技术中还知道可改变衬料的化学成分包括用粉末钨替换一些粉末铜,钨在衬料内的替换量达到其使钨重量百分比占到35%,本专业的普通技术人员都相信钨在衬料内较大重量百分比的替换量并不会提高有形装药的性能,因为测试表明衬内钨浓度超过35%就会使装药性能降低,因此,人们不会采用钨的重量百比分超过35%的衬料。
本发明的目的是提供一种通过在衬料内用钨代替大部分或全部铜来增加有形装药的穿透深度的有形装药衬料。
本发明是一种用粉末钨和粉末金属粘合剂混合制成的有形装药的衬料。该衬料是由通过压缩该混合物成大致呈锥形刚体所构成。在本发明最佳实施例中,该混合物包含有约80%重量百分比的钨和20%重量百分比的粉末金属粘合剂。
在一个本发明的具体实施例中,石墨粉与粉末金属粘合剂和钨相混合以用作一种润滑剂,粉末金属粘合剂最好含有韧性可延展的金属,诸如,铅、铋、锡、锌、银、锑、钴、镍或铀。
图1表示一种本发明的具有衬的有形装药。
参照图1可见到一个本发明的有形装药10,有形装药10典型地包括有一钢制成的柱形壳体1,以标号2表示的大量高能炸药粉嵌入壳体1之内,高能炸药含有先有技术的已知化学成分。在有形装药所用的先有技术中已知高能炸药包括在市场上命名为HMX,HNS,RDX,HNIW和TNAZ销售的化学成分。一个开在壳体1底部的槽4可含有一诸如纯RDX的引爆炸药(未示出),正如本专业的普通技术人员所理解的,引爆炸药把由一爆芯(未示出)提供的起爆信号有效地传到高能炸药2,该爆芯典型地置于与槽4的外部相接触,槽4可在其外部盖有标号为3的密封盖。
一药衬5典型地插在高能炸药2上远达到壳体1,这样,高能炸药2大致充满了壳体1和衬5之间的容积。本发明的药衬5是由在很高压下压成锥形刚体的粉末金属所制成,典型的锥体为底部开口且中空。在足够压力下,受压的粉末金属能使粉末形成一结实的实体而把粉末金属压成实体衬的方法对本专业的普通技术人员都能理解。
正如本专业的普通技术人员所理解,当炸药2爆炸时,既可由爆心(未示出)传来的信号也可通过引爆炸药(未示出)直接引爆,爆炸力崩塌衬5且使衬5以很高的速度从壳体1弹出。
一个本发明的新颖方面是构成衬5的金属粉末的化学成分,本发明的衬5的粉末金属可由约80%重量百分比的钨和20%重量百分比的金属粘结剂所组成。另外,本发明的衬5的粉未金属还可由除了约1%重量百分比的石墨粉混在其内还约有80%重量百分比的钨和19%重量百分比的金属粘结剂所组成,正如人们所知,石墨粉用作一种润滑剂。这就进一步说明,与具有主要含有粉末铜的已知化学成分的衬料的有形装药所取得穿透深度相比,通过在衬料内使用粉末钨便改进了有形装药10的穿透深度。
在衬料混合物中20%重量百分比的粉末金属粘结剂的具体数量并不解释成本发明的绝对限制,从先有技术中已知在铜基衬料混合物中粉末金属粘合剂部分可以有约5个百分点的变化即大到25%重量百分比或小到15%重量百分比的变化,在此范围内的粉末金属粘结剂含量仍保证有形装药的有效性能,还考虑到对本发明的钨基衬料混合物也可提供粉末金属粘结剂部分相似的变化,同样可达到由本发明配方所得到衬5的有形装药增大的穿透深度。
典型地,粉末金属粘结剂内有粉末铅,另外,正如美国专利NO5 221 808(申请人韦纳)所公开那样,例如,粉末金属粘结剂可含有铋,同时,铅和铋更多地用于粉末金属粘结剂,其它具有高延展性和韧性的金属都能用于粉末金属粘结剂,其它具有高延展性和韧性的金属有锡、铀、银、金、锑、锌、钴和镍。
本发明还设有用于衬5的化学成份,它包括粉末铜与粉末粘结剂金属、粉末钨相混合,上述混合物包括多达20%重量百分比的铜从而把钨的重量百分比部分减小到60%还包括约20%重量百分比的粉末铅作为粘结剂金属,该混合物衬料已进行了试爆并通过测试相对于先有技术的铜基衬料的有形装药已显示出其增大的穿透深度。
借助于胶粘剂6,衬5就定位在壳体1内,胶粘剂6使有形装药10经受住在装卸和运输过程中所遇到的冲击和振动而不移动衬5和炸药2在壳体1的位置,应该理解该胶粘剂6只是用于衬5在壳体1内的定位而并不解释成对本发明的限制。
表1示出与本发明用于各种不同类型有形装药的具有钨基衬料的有形装药相比,具有铜基衬料的有形装药的穿透深度的测试结果。有形装药A型和B型是根据美国石油研究所称为“推荐试验43(“RP-43”)公布的规格进行测试。装药C型D型和E型则在混凝土靶上进行测试,该混凝土有5000磅/英寸2到8000磅/英寸2范围内的压缩强度,靶面盖有一块3/8英寸厚的钢板,表1的结果表示对每种型号的至少五个装药进行试爆的平均穿透。
表1
装药 | 铜基衬料穿透 进入孔直径 | 钨基衬料穿透 进入孔直径 | ||
A | 19.45 | 0.40 | 25.1 | 0.28 |
B | 12.42 | 0.27 | 15.69 | 0.23 |
C | 14.2 | 0.31 | 17.2 | 0.29 |
D | 9.3 | 0.42 | 12.3 | 0.33 |
E | 17.8 | 0.48 | 19.2 | 0.44 |
表1内所示测试结果表明钨基衬料(图1中所示的标号5)各自提供了其平均穿透深度提高约25%而钨基衬料5的进入孔直径与先有技术中采用的铜基衬料5的进入孔直径相比。在某种程度上都减小了。在大多数情况下,正如本专业的普通技术人员所理解的,进入孔的直径相比于其穿透深度并不太重要,因此可以得出结论,本发明的钨基衬料,相比于先有技术的衬料,具有改进的有形装药的性能。
本专业的技术人员还可建议其它形状的有形装药和药衬,这并不偏离本发明的精神,本发明所保护的范围应该只受下文的权利要求书所限制。
Claims (16)
1)一种用于有形装药的衬有:
一种粉末钨和粉末金属粘结剂的混合物包括约80%重量百分比的上述钨和约20%重量百分比的上述金属粘结剂,上述金属粘结剂有一种选自由铅、铋、银、金、锡、铀、锑、锌、钴和镍构成的可延展且韧性的金属族,上述混合物压缩成形为一个大致呈锥形的刚体。
2)根据权利要求所述的衬其特征在于它还有粉末状石墨与上述粉末钨和上述粉末金属粘结剂相混合以用作一种润滑剂。
3)一种用于有形装药的衬有:
一种粉末钨、粉末金属粘结剂和粉末铜的混合物,其特征在于上述粉末铜有重量百分比从0到20%的混合物部分,上述粉末金属粘结剂有约20%重量百分比的的混合物部分而上述各粘结剂有一种选自由铅、铋、银、金、锡、铀、锑、锌、钴和镍构成的可延展且韧性的金属族,而且上述钨有重量百分比从约80%到60%范围内的混合物部分,在上述铜的重量百分比变化范围内和上述钨的重量百分比变化范围内的前提下,上述铜代替上述钨,上述的混合物压缩成形为一个大致呈锥形的刚体。
4)根据权利要求3所述的衬,其特征在于还有粉末状石墨与上述混合物相混以用作一种润滑剂。
5)根据权利要求3所述的衬,其特征在于上述粉末金属粘结剂有一可延展韧性的金属。
6)根据权利要求3所述的衬,其特征在于上述可延展的韧性金属选自由铅、铋、银、金、锡、铀、锑、锌、钴和镍构成的金属族
7)一有形装药有:
一个壳体;
大量高能炸药嵌装入上述壳体内;和
一衬插入上述壳体内这样上述高能炸药定位在上述衬和上述壳体之间,上述衬由粉末钨和粉末金属粘结剂的混合物压缩成形,上述混合物有约80%重量百分比的钨和约20%重量百分比的金属粘结剂,上述金属粘结剂有一种选自由铅、铋、银、金、锡、铀、锑、锌、钴和镍构成的可延展且韧性的金属族
8)根据权利要求7所述的成形装药,其特征在于上述混合物有约80%重量百分比的粉末钨和约20%重量百分比的上述粉末金属粘结剂。
9)根据权利要求7所述的混合物,还有粉末的铜等本地代替上述的钨,其特征在于约0到20%重量百分比的范围内,上述粉末铜构成上述混合物部分的重量。
10)根据权利要求7所述的有形装药,其特征在于它还有粉末状石墨与上述钨及上述粉末金属粘结剂相混以用作一种润滑剂。
11)根据权利要求7所述的有形装药,其特征在于它还有一个安置在上述壳体内5上述大量炸药接触的引爆炸药,上述引爆炸药来自一个与上述壳体外部接触的引爆芯的引爆信号传到上述高能炸药。
12)根据权利要求7所述的有形炸药,其特征在于上述高能炸药有RDX。
13)根据权利要求7所述的有形炸药,其特征在于上述高能炸药有HMX。
14)根据权利要求7所述的有形装药,其特征在于上述高能炸药有HNS。
15)根据权利要求7所述的有形炸药,基特征在于上述高能炸药有HNIW。
16)根据权利要求7所述的有形炸药,其特征在于上述高能药有TNAZ。
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US497,259 | 1995-06-30 | ||
US08497259 US5567906B1 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1995-06-30 | Tungsten enhanced liner for a shaped charge |
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CN1141425A true CN1141425A (zh) | 1997-01-29 |
CN1068675C CN1068675C (zh) | 2001-07-18 |
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-
1995
- 1995-06-30 US US08497259 patent/US5567906B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-06-21 GB GB9613117A patent/GB2302935B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-26 CA CA002179934A patent/CA2179934C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-26 NO NO19962711A patent/NO316864B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-27 DE DE19625897A patent/DE19625897B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-28 CN CN96110214A patent/CN1068675C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1886574B (zh) * | 2003-10-10 | 2012-11-14 | 秦内蒂克有限公司 | 关于油井穿孔器的改进 |
CN101836069A (zh) * | 2007-08-21 | 2010-09-15 | 叶夫根尼·帕夫洛维奇·格尔马诺夫 | 累积式爆破装药 |
CN110770530A (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-02-07 | 德国德力能有限公司 | 聚能射孔弹衬里、其制造方法以及包含其的聚能射孔弹 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO316864B1 (no) | 2004-06-07 |
NO962711D0 (no) | 1996-06-26 |
CA2179934C (en) | 1999-04-20 |
DE19625897A1 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
GB9613117D0 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
GB2302935B (en) | 1999-01-20 |
US5567906B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 |
NO962711L (no) | 1997-01-02 |
US5567906A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
CN1068675C (zh) | 2001-07-18 |
CA2179934A1 (en) | 1996-12-31 |
DE19625897B4 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
GB2302935A (en) | 1997-02-05 |
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