CN114142092A - Electrolyte, electrochemical device and method for stabilizing positive electrode material - Google Patents

Electrolyte, electrochemical device and method for stabilizing positive electrode material Download PDF

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CN114142092A
CN114142092A CN202111417481.2A CN202111417481A CN114142092A CN 114142092 A CN114142092 A CN 114142092A CN 202111417481 A CN202111417481 A CN 202111417481A CN 114142092 A CN114142092 A CN 114142092A
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electrolyte
lithium
boron
emc
containing compound
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孙晓玉
李炳江
王立群
胡玥
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Nantong Saide Energy Co ltd
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Changzhou Saide Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

An electrolyte, an electrochemical device, and a method of stabilizing a positive electrode material. The invention discloses an electrolyte, which comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an additive; the solvent comprises Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC); the additive comprises a boron-containing compound; in the circulating process of the battery, methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and a boron-containing compound act to form a stable anode oxide film; the invention also discloses an electrochemical device with the electrolyte; the invention also discloses a method for continuously repairing and updating the stable anode material of the anode material/electrolyte interface film in the circulating process, which effectively improves the circulating performance and the safety of the electrochemical device.

Description

Electrolyte, electrochemical device and method for stabilizing positive electrode material
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery technology, and more particularly to an electrolyte, an electrochemical device having the same, and a method for stabilizing a positive electrode material.
Background
The lithium ion battery in the field of electric tools is required to be discharged at a large rate, and under the condition of high-rate discharge, the phenomena of lithium precipitation, high temperature, production period and the like can occur in the battery, so that the cycle life, the capacity and the safety performance are damaged. The existing high-rate product has the defects of fast capacity attenuation, short cycle life and poor safety performance, and a high-rate product with better performance needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte solution that adsorbs lithium ions and forms a stable positive electrode oxide film (CEI film) by intercalating lithium ions into the surface of a positive electrode at a position where the lithium ions are deintercalated from a positive electrode material.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt and an additive;
the solvent comprises Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC);
the additive comprises a boron-containing compound;
in the circulation process of the battery, methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and a boron-containing compound react to form a stable anode oxide film.
Preferably, the solvent includes Methyl Formate (MF), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). In the invention, MF is mainly used for dissolving lithium salt and additives; DMC has good electrochemical stability, low viscosity, and is beneficial to improving conductivity.
Preferably wherein the mass ratio of Methyl Formate (MF), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is 1:1:1 or 2:1:2 or 3:2: 5. In the invention, MF is used for dissolving lithium salt, the dosage is more than or equal to EMC, EMC is used for matching with boron-containing compound, the dosage is the least, DMC is mainly used for improving conductivity, and the dosage is more than or equal to the former two.
Preferably, the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium perchlorate (LiClO)4) Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF)6) One or more of them. The invention further preferably selects lithium hexafluorophosphate to be matched with lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium bis (oxalate) borate for use, the lithium tetrafluoroborate and the lithium bis (oxalate) borate have the functions of lithium salt and can also be used as film forming additives, the more the lithium salt is used, the larger the conductivity of the electrolyte is, and meanwhile, the price of the lithium salt is highThe dosage is 1 to 2 mol/L; too little lithium salt, low conductivity, too much lithium salt and high cost.
Preferably the boron containing compound is Trimethyl Borate (TB) and/or tetramethyl borate (TMB). Trimethyl Borate (TB) and Tetramethylborate (TMB) are respectively used as film forming additives, boron-containing compounds are low in point position and strong in reducibility, can be preferentially oxidized compared with an electrolyte solvent under high multiplying power, a formed protective film covers the surface of a positive electrode to stabilize the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte, the interface resistance is reduced, lithium ions can be rapidly inserted into the positive electrode from the electrolyte, the lithium insertion rate of the positive electrode during high-multiplying-power discharge is improved, and meanwhile, the temperature rise can be reduced by reducing the interface resistance.
Preferably, the boron compound accounts for 2 to 4 mass percent of the electrolyte. The present invention ensures the formation of the protective film by preferably using the amount of boron compound.
Preferably, the additive further comprises triallyl phosphate (TAP) which is polymerized to form poly triallyl phosphate attached to the surface of the positive electrode. In the circulating process, a CEI film formed by a boron-containing compound is damaged to a certain extent, the polymer is attached to the surface of the anode again to continuously form a new CEI film so as to stabilize the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, further enhance the system stability and prolong the circulating life.
Preferably, the additive further comprises bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide triethyl (2-methoxyethyl) quaternary phosphonium salt (TEMEP-TFSI). The TEMEP-TFSI accounts for 1-3% of the electrolyte by mass, is an ionic liquid, contains an S element, can be quickly contracted when heated, covers an ignition point, avoids fire epitaxy, has a flame retardant effect, and can increase the internal resistance of the electrolyte due to too much flame retardant.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device having a stable anode/electrolyte interface and an extended cycle life.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electrochemical device comprising the electrolyte solution of the present invention.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a method for stabilizing a positive electrode material, which can repair an interface between a positive electrode and an electrolyte by continuous renewal, thereby prolonging cycle life.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for stabilizing a positive electrode material comprises the steps of adding a boron-containing compound into an electrolyte containing EMC, reacting hydroxyl of the EMC with carboxylic acid bonds in the boron-containing compound, and removing hydrogen ions from the boron-containing compound to form sites for absorbing lithium ions;
along with the circulation of the battery, the electrolyte immersed in the anode material is inserted into the surface of the anode through the de-intercalation sites of lithium ions to form a stable anode oxide film;
as the battery is further circulated, triallyl phosphate (TAP) in the electrolyte undergoes a polymerization reaction under the potential change caused by lithium ion migration to form poly triallyl phosphate;
the poly triallyl phosphate is attached to the surface of the anode in the circulating process to repair and form an anode oxide film, and the interface between the anode and the electrolyte is stabilized.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an electrolyte, wherein EMC is a polar solvent, acts with a boron-containing compound, and the hydroxyl of the EMC reacts with a carboxylic acid bond in the boron-containing compound to help the boron-containing compound to remove hydrogen ions and absorb lithium ions, and the lithium ions are inserted into the surface of a positive electrode by virtue of the de-intercalation sites of the lithium ions in a positive electrode material to form a stable positive electrode oxide film (CEI film); the positive electrode/electrolyte interface is stabilized, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved;
according to the electrochemical device obtained by the invention, the anode/electrolyte interface is continuously updated and repaired with the circulation, and the anode oxide film can reduce the interface resistance on one hand, and can stabilize the anode material on the other hand, so that the circulation life is prolonged; the safety performance of the battery is also improved;
in the circulation process, various active ingredients in the electrolyte are used for continuously updating and repairing the anode oxide film, the anode/electrolyte interface is stabilized, and the circulation performance of the battery is improved.
Thereby achieving the above object of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing cycle performance of the batteries obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
the solvent comprises MF, DMC and EMC, and the mass ratio of the MF, the DMC and the EMC is 1:1:1;
the concentration of lithium salt is 1mol/L, wherein LiPF6And LiBF4An equimolar ratio;
the additive comprises 2wt% of TB; 1wt% TAP; 1wt% TEMEP-TFSI.
This example also presents a method of stabilizing the positive electrode material,
adding a boron-containing compound into the electrolyte containing EMC, wherein hydroxyl of the EMC reacts with carboxylic acid bonds in the boron-containing compound, and the boron-containing compound removes hydrogen ions to form sites for absorbing lithium ions;
along with the circulation of the battery, the electrolyte immersed in the anode material is inserted into the surface of the anode through the de-intercalation sites of lithium ions to form a stable anode oxide film;
as the battery is further cycled,
triallyl phosphate (TAP) in the electrolyte is polymerized by the potential change caused by lithium ion migration to form poly triallyl phosphate;
the poly triallyl phosphate is attached to the surface of the anode in the circulating process to repair and form an anode oxide film, and the interface between the anode and the electrolyte is stabilized.
Example 2
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are:
solvent: MF: DMC: EMC =1:1:1;
lithium salt: 1mol/L of LiPF6And LiBOBAn equimolar ratio;
the additive comprises 2wt% of TMB; 1wt% TAP; 1wt% TEMEP-TFSI.
Example 3
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are:
solvent: MF: DMC: EMC =2:1:2;
lithium salt: 1.5 mol/L, wherein LiPF6、LiBF4In equimolar ratio to LiBOB;
the additive comprises 3wt% of TB; 2wt% TAP; 2wt% TEMEP-TFSI.
Example 4
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are:
solvent: MF: DMC: EMC =3:2:5;
lithium salt: 2mol/L of LiPF6In equimolar ratio to LiBOB;
the additive comprises: 4wt% TB; 3wt% TAP; 3wt% TEMEP-TFSI.
Example 5
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are:
solvent: MF: DMC: EMC =2:1:2;
lithium salt: 2mol/L of LiPF6、LiBF4In equimolar ratio to LiBOB;
the additive comprises 2wt% of TMB; 2wt% TAP; 2wt% TEMEP-TFSI.
Comparative example
The present example provides an electrolyte commonly used in the prior art, and specifically comprises the following components:
solvent: EC EMC DMC =1:1: 1.
LiPF6：1mol/L。
and respectively injecting the electrolyte into a dry battery with lithium iron phosphate matched with graphite, and performing formation to obtain an activated battery, and performing the following electrochemical performance tests:
1: testing internal resistance, namely testing the internal resistance of each group of batteries by using an internal resistance tester;
2: testing the discharge capacity of the battery at 25 ℃ and 5 ℃ and the surface temperature of the battery;
3: testing the cycle life of the 5C discharge and 1C charge batteries;
4: safety testing, a cross of a bar 15.8mm in diameter was placed in the center of the sample. A9.1 kg iron plate was dropped from 61CM onto the sample, and the battery state was observed.
The specific test data are shown in table 1, table 2, table 3 and fig. 1.
TABLE 1 internal resistance of lithium ion batteries obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example
Figure 662422DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Comparing the data in Table 1, it can be seen that by adding a conductive agent such as LiPF6The internal resistance is reduced to a certain extent, and the film forming additive is matched to reduce the interface resistance between the anode and the electrolyte, so that the internal resistance of the embodiment 1 is smaller than that of the comparative example; further comparing the data of examples 1 to 4, it is understood that the internal resistance decreases with an increase in the conductive agent. After the film forming additive is added, the internal resistance of the system is reduced again, which shows that the film forming additive and the conductive agent act together to reduce the internal resistance of the system.
TABLE 2 Capacity of discharging 5C and surface temperature (25 ℃ C.) of the battery obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example
Figure 953726DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Comparing the data in table 2, it can be seen that the electrolyte proposed by the present invention can support high rate discharge. Under the condition of 5C, the discharged electricity is larger than 1900mAh, the lithium ion conduction performance of the system is increased along with the increase of the conductive agent, the discharge capacity is increased along with the increase, and meanwhile, the temperature rise of the system is reduced; because the battery is flammable and explosive at high temperature, the temperature is reduced, and the safety performance of the battery system is improved.
Further combining with cycle data, the cycle performance of the system is obviously enhanced after the addition of the cycle stabilizer, the cycle can be maintained above 100 weeks under the high-rate cycle of 5C discharge and 1C charge, and the cycle performance is the best in comparative example 4, so that the cycle stabilizer can be proved to play a role in prolonging the cycle life, the conductive agent is increased, the internal resistance can be reduced by using the film-forming additive, and the cycle life can be prolonged.
Table 3 safety testing of the batteries obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example
Figure 486338DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
As can be seen from Table 3, in the comparative example, the safety accidents of fire initiation and explosion after the battery is short-circuited under the condition of hammering by a heavy object are caused, TEMEP-TFSI is added in the examples 1 to 5, and the battery can pass the test of hammering by the heavy object, so that the TEMEP-TFSI is proved to have good flame retardance and can improve the safety performance of a system.
The invention provides an electrolyte of a high-rate system, which needs to be matched with a positive electrode of the high-rate system for use, a boron-containing chemical is added into the electrolyte, the boron-containing chemical can be preferentially oxidized compared with an electrolyte solvent under high rate, a formed protective film covers the surface of the positive electrode, the protective film can reduce the interface resistance on one hand, and can stabilize a positive electrode material and prolong the cycle life on the other hand, and triallyl phosphate (TAP) is added at the same time, during the cycle process, the allyl can generate a cross-linking electropolymerization reaction, and a polymer acts on the surface of the positive electrode, so that the system stability is further enhanced, and the cycle life is prolonged. The ionic liquid bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide triethyl (2-methoxyethyl) quaternary phosphorus salt is added to be used as a flame retardant, so that the safety is improved.

Claims (10)

1. An electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt and an additive;
the method is characterized in that: the solvent comprises Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC);
the additive comprises a boron-containing compound;
in the circulation process of the battery, methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and a boron-containing compound react to form a stable anode oxide film.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the solvent includes Methyl Formate (MF), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
3. The electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: wherein the mass ratio of Methyl Formate (MF), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is 1:1:1 or 2:1:2 or 3:2: 5.
4. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium perchlorate (LiClO)4) Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF)6) One or more of them.
5. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the boron-containing compound is Trimethyl Borate (TB) and/or tetramethyl borate (TMB).
6. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the boron compound accounts for 2 to 4 percent of the electrolyte by mass.
7. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the additive also includes triallyl phosphate (TAP) which polymerizes to form poly triallyl phosphate attached to the surface of the positive electrode.
8. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the additive also includes bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide triethyl (2-methoxyethyl) quaternary phosphonium salt (TEMEP-TFSI).
9. An electrochemical device, characterized in that: comprising the electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A method of stabilizing a positive electrode material, characterized by:
adding a boron-containing compound into the electrolyte containing EMC, wherein hydroxyl of the EMC reacts with carboxylic acid bonds in the boron-containing compound, and the boron-containing compound removes hydrogen ions to form sites for absorbing lithium ions;
along with the circulation of the battery, the electrolyte immersed in the anode material is inserted into the surface of the anode through the de-intercalation sites of lithium ions to form a stable anode oxide film;
as the battery is further cycled,
triallyl phosphate (TAP) in the electrolyte is polymerized by the potential change caused by lithium ion migration to form poly triallyl phosphate;
the poly triallyl phosphate is attached to the surface of the anode in the circulating process to repair and form an anode oxide film, and the interface between the anode and the electrolyte is stabilized.
CN202111417481.2A 2021-11-26 2021-11-26 Electrolyte, electrochemical device and method for stabilizing positive electrode material Pending CN114142092A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105390747A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-03-09 华南师范大学 Trimethyl borate additive-containing electrolyte solution, preparation method therefor and application thereof
CN105633464A (en) * 2016-03-09 2016-06-01 华南师范大学 Trimethyl borate additive contained high-voltage functional electrolyte and preparation method and application therefor
CN106159321A (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-23 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and lithium ion battery
CN106571485A (en) * 2015-10-11 2017-04-19 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 Low temperature manganese-iron-lithium phosphate power battery
CN111211354A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-29 松山湖材料实验室 High-voltage lithium ion battery combined electrolyte additive, electrolyte and battery thereof
CN113629365A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-09 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte injection method and lithium ion battery

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106159321A (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-23 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and lithium ion battery
CN106571485A (en) * 2015-10-11 2017-04-19 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 Low temperature manganese-iron-lithium phosphate power battery
CN105390747A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-03-09 华南师范大学 Trimethyl borate additive-containing electrolyte solution, preparation method therefor and application thereof
CN105633464A (en) * 2016-03-09 2016-06-01 华南师范大学 Trimethyl borate additive contained high-voltage functional electrolyte and preparation method and application therefor
CN111211354A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-29 松山湖材料实验室 High-voltage lithium ion battery combined electrolyte additive, electrolyte and battery thereof
CN113629365A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-09 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte injection method and lithium ion battery

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