CN114137249A - Underground water flow direction measuring device and method - Google Patents
Underground water flow direction measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114137249A CN114137249A CN202111434543.0A CN202111434543A CN114137249A CN 114137249 A CN114137249 A CN 114137249A CN 202111434543 A CN202111434543 A CN 202111434543A CN 114137249 A CN114137249 A CN 114137249A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/08—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
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Abstract
The invention discloses a groundwater flow direction measuring device, comprising: a power source; a potential measuring section; the power supply electrodes comprise a pair of power supply electrodes, and the power supply electrodes are electrically connected with a power supply; and a first measuring part which comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, wherein the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring part. The problems that in the prior art, workload is large and water flow direction measurement is inaccurate are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the flow direction of underground water, belonging to the technical field of underground water measurement.
Background
The charging method is used to measure the flow direction and flow rate of groundwater, as shown in fig. 1-3, and the principle is to drill a hole in the ground, drill the hole into the aquifer, then apply an electric field to the ground with the hole as the center, add a salt bag into the aquifer in the hole, observe and study the characteristics of the ground electric field before and after applying the salt bag, and thus obtain the flow direction and flow rate of groundwater. When the existing charging method is implemented, a power supply, a potentiometer, a pair of power supply electrodes and a pair of measuring electrodes are used, the power supply electrodes are connected with the power supply and used for applying an electric field taking a drill hole as a center on the ground, and the measuring electrodes are connected with the potentiometer and used for searching equipotential lines on the ground before and after the salt bag is added. But equipotential line finding suffers from the following problems:
in the searching process of the equipotential line, firstly, the position of the measuring electrode needs to be manually changed on one measuring line, and secondly, the measuring electrode needs to be changed to other measuring lines. Since good contact with the ground is required during the change of the position of the measuring electrode, the measuring electrode is inserted into the ground every time the position is changed, which is not necessarily equipotential, and thus the position of the measuring electrode generally needs to be changed many times. On the one hand this results in a large workload; on the other hand, the speed of changing the position of the measuring electrode is slow, so that the salt concentration and distribution condition of underground water can be changed for a long time, the electric field distribution on the ground is also changed in the process of changing the position of the measuring electrode, and the isoelectric points found on different measuring lines and the isoelectric points on other measuring lines are not at the same moment, so that the measurement of the flow velocity and the flow direction of water is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a groundwater flow direction measuring device and a groundwater flow direction measuring method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a groundwater flow direction measuring device comprising:
a power source;
a potential measuring section;
the power supply electrodes comprise a pair of power supply electrodes, and the power supply electrodes are electrically connected with a power supply;
and a first measuring part which comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, wherein the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring part.
Further, the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes and the potential measuring unit are electrically connected to each other through an electrode selection circuit.
Further, still include:
and the second measuring part comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, and the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes and the potential measuring part are electrically connected with the potential measuring part through an electrode selection circuit.
Further, the electrode selection circuit includes:
one end of the first measuring wire is electrically connected with the first measuring end of the potential measuring part;
one end of the second measuring wire is electrically connected with the second measuring end of the potential measuring part;
the first relay group comprises 4 relays, the wire outlet ends of the 4 relays in the first relay group are electrically connected with the other end of the first measuring wire, and the wire inlet ends of the 4 relays in the first relay group are respectively and electrically connected with one measuring electrode in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes;
the second relay group comprises 4 relays, the wire outlet ends of the 4 relays in the second relay group are electrically connected with the other end of the second measuring wire, and the wire inlet ends of the 4 relays in the second relay group are respectively and electrically connected with one measuring electrode in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes;
and the controller is electrically connected with the control ends of the first relay group and the second relay group and is electrically connected with the potential measuring part.
Further, still include:
and the display is electrically connected with the controller.
A groundwater flow direction measuring method of a groundwater flow direction measuring apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
s01, placing one of the power supply electrodes into the aquifer of the borehole, wherein the distance between the power supply electrode placed into the aquifer of the borehole and the upper opening of the borehole is d, the distance between the other power supply electrode placed into the expected water direction and the upper opening of the borehole is L, and L/d is larger than 15, and supplying power to the power supply electrode through a power supply;
s02, drawing 8 radial measuring lines on the ground at an included angle of 45 degrees by taking the center of the drilling hole as an original point;
s03, drawing a first circle on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle, intersecting the first circle with 8 radial measuring lines to obtain 8 primary measuring points, arranging 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a first measuring part on the 8 primary measuring points, and enabling two measuring electrodes in each pair of electrodes to be centrosymmetric about the center of the drill hole;
s04, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and recording the potential difference in the controller;
s05, drawing a potential origin, drawing 8 auxiliary rays according to a 45-degree included angle by taking the potential origin as the origin, wherein the 8 auxiliary rays correspond to 8 radial measuring lines one to one, the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the first measuring part is marked on the auxiliary ray corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part with higher voltage of the radial measuring lines, the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the potential difference marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays are connected to form a closed primary initial voltage distribution ring;
s06, putting the power supply electrode in the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole out of the drilled hole, binding a salt bag on the power supply electrode, and then putting the power supply electrode in the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole;
s07, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each pair of the 4 measuring electrodes in real time through the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the first measuring part, and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrodes in the controller if the potential difference is kept stable within a continuous T1 period;
s08, marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the first measuring part on the auxiliary ray corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part with higher radial measuring line voltage, wherein the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, connecting the voltage marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays to form a closed primary process voltage distribution ring;
and S09, comparing the primary initial voltage distribution ring with the primary process voltage distribution ring, wherein the reverse direction of the maximum displacement of the primary process voltage distribution ring relative to the primary initial voltage distribution ring on the measuring line is the underground water flow direction.
Further, the step S03 further includes: drawing a second circle on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle, wherein the radius of the second circle is different from that of the first circle, the second circle is intersected with 8 radial measuring lines to obtain 8 secondary measuring points, 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a second measuring part are arranged on the 8 secondary measuring points, and two measuring electrodes in each pair of measuring electrodes are centrosymmetric around the center of the drill hole;
the step S04 further includes: measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the second measuring part and recording the potential difference in the controller;
the step S05 further includes: marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the second measuring part on the auxiliary ray corresponding to the measuring electrode of the second measuring part with higher radial measuring line voltage, wherein the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and connecting the potential difference marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays to form a closed secondary initial voltage distribution ring;
the step S07 further includes: measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each pair of the 4 measuring electrodes in real time through the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrodes in the controller if the potential difference is kept stable for a continuous T2 period;
the step S08 further includes: marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the second measuring part on the auxiliary ray corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part with higher radial measuring line voltage, wherein the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and connecting the voltage marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays to form a closed secondary process voltage distribution ring;
further, still include:
step S10, step S10, subtracting the radius of the second circle from the radius of the first circle to obtain S, measuring the time difference Δ T between the first measurement portion and the second measurement portion to obtain the stable primary process voltage distribution loop, and calculating the groundwater flow velocity as follows:
and V is S/delta T, wherein V represents the flow rate of the groundwater.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are respectively arranged on 8 measuring lines, the distances between the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes and a drill hole are ensured to be the same when the device is used, the potential difference of each pair of measuring electrodes in the first measuring part at the same moment is measured by the potential measuring part, and the flow direction of underground water can be obtained by comparing the change of the measuring results of the potential measuring part before and after the device is placed into a salt bag;
2) the invention realizes that one potentiometer measures the potential difference between a plurality of pairs of measuring electrodes simultaneously through the electrode selection circuit, the controller in the electrode selection circuit can control the on-off of each relay in the first relay group and the second relay group, for example, the line communication between a certain pair of measuring electrodes and the electric potential measuring part in the previous time can be controlled, the lines between the other measuring electrodes and the potential measuring part are disconnected, and the other measuring electrodes can be switched to another pair of measuring electrodes at the later moment, so that the potential difference of the measuring electrodes on all measuring lines can be measured in a time-sharing manner, because the opening and closing time of the relay is very short, and the switching time of the control instruction of the controller is also very short, meanwhile, the salt concentration and the distribution of the underground water flow change slowly in a short time, so that the time-sharing measurement result can be regarded as the measurement result at the same moment, and the complexity of the system is reduced;
3) the invention provides a second measuring part which can measure the potential difference change of positions with different distances from a drill hole, so that the flow velocity of groundwater and water flow can be obtained;
4) the potential difference of all the measuring lines before and after the salt bag is placed can be displayed through the display, so that the flow direction and the flow speed of the water flow can be visually judged;
5) the invention marks the potential differences before and after the salt bag is placed on the 8 auxiliary radial lines by measuring the potential differences on all the measuring lines before and after the salt bag is placed, and connects the potential difference marks before and after the salt bag is placed on the adjacent auxiliary radial lines by drawing 8 auxiliary radial lines in one-to-one correspondence with the 8 measuring lines to obtain the measuring result of the measuring electrode before the salt bag is placed, namely a primary initial voltage distribution ring of the measuring result of the measuring electrode after the salt bag is placed, and a primary process voltage distribution ring of the measuring result of the measuring electrode after the salt bag is placed, wherein the reverse direction of the maximum displacement of the primary process voltage distribution ring on the measuring lines relative to the primary initial voltage distribution ring is the underground water flow direction, so that the position of the measuring electrode in the first measuring part does not need to be changed, the workload is smaller, the first measuring part can simultaneously measure the potential differences of 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, the measuring speed is faster, and the measuring results on each measuring line can be seen at the same time, the flow direction measurement is more accurate;
6) according to the invention, the time difference of the stable potential difference is obtained by measuring the second measuring part and the first measuring part, then the radius difference of the first circle and the second circle is calculated, and the speed of the water flow mixed with salt from the second measuring part to the first measuring part or the first measuring part to the second measuring part is obtained by dividing the radius difference by the time difference, so that the measurement of the flow velocity of the underground water is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement principle of the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another measurement principle in the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of a test for measuring the flow direction and velocity of groundwater in the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the circuit connections at the first measurement section of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the circuit connections at the second measurement section of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the test for measuring the flow direction and velocity of groundwater according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
This application embodiment is through an groundwater flow direction measuring device, and it is big to have solved prior art firstly, and secondly rivers flow direction measurement inaccurate problem will be through setting up 4 pairs of measuring electrode simultaneously on 8 survey lines 4, has guaranteed that the measuring result on every survey line 4 can all be regarded as same moment for the flow direction measurement is more accurate.
In order to solve the problems of large workload and inaccurate measurement of water flow direction, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application has the following general idea:
compared with the prior art, the underground water flow direction measuring device has the advantages that the position of the measuring electrode in the first measuring part 11 does not need to be changed, the workload is smaller, the first measuring part 11 can simultaneously measure the potential difference of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, the measuring speed is higher, the measuring result on each measuring line 4 can be regarded as the same time, and the flow direction measurement is more accurate.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1 was carried out: referring to fig. 4 to 7, in order to solve the problems of large workload and inaccurate measurement of water flow direction in the prior art, the invention proposes to achieve the above purpose by adopting the following technical scheme: a groundwater flow direction measuring device comprising: a power supply 1; a potential measuring unit 2; a pair of power supply electrodes 14, wherein the power supply electrodes 14 are electrically connected with the power supply 1; and a first measuring unit 11, wherein the first measuring unit 11 comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, and the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring unit 2.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
according to the invention, the position of the measuring electrode in the first measuring part 11 is not required to be changed, the workload is smaller, the first measuring part 11 can simultaneously measure the potential difference of 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, the measuring speed is higher, the measuring result on each measuring line 4 can be ensured to be regarded as the same time, and the flow direction measurement is more accurate.
Further, the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected to the potential measuring unit 2 through the electrode selection circuit 3, and the potential measuring unit 2 is connected to the measuring electrodes.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
the electrode selection circuit 3 realizes that one potentiometer simultaneously measures the potential difference between a plurality of pairs of measuring electrodes.
Further, still include: and a second measuring unit 12, wherein the second measuring unit 12 includes 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, and the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected to the potential measuring unit 2 through the electrode selection circuit 3 with respect to the potential measuring unit 2.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
the potential difference changes at different distances from the borehole can be measured and the groundwater flow velocity can be derived.
Further, the electrode selection circuit 3 includes: one end of the first measuring line 3-1 is electrically connected with the first measuring end of the potential measuring part 2; one end of the second measuring wire 3-2 is electrically connected with the second measuring end of the potential measuring part 2; a first relay group 3-3, wherein the first relay group 3-3 comprises 4 relays, the outlet terminals of the 4 relays in the first relay group 3-3 are electrically connected with the other end of the first measuring line 3-1, and the inlet terminals of the 4 relays in the first relay group 3-3 are respectively and electrically connected with one of the measuring electrodes in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes; a second relay group 3-4, wherein the second relay group 3-4 comprises 4 relays, the outlet terminals of the 4 relays in the second relay group 3-4 are electrically connected with the other end of the second measuring line 3-2, and the inlet terminals of the 4 relays in the second relay group 3-4 are respectively electrically connected with one of the measuring electrodes in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes; and the controller 7 is electrically connected with the control ends of the first relay group 3-3 and the second relay group 3-4, and the controller 7 is electrically connected with the potential measuring part 2.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
the potential difference of the measuring electrodes on all measuring lines 4 can be measured in a time-sharing manner, the opening and closing time of the relay is very short, the switching time of the control instruction of the controller 7 is also very short, and the salt concentration and the distribution of the underground water flow change slowly in a short time, so that the time-sharing measurement result can be regarded as the measurement result at the same moment, and the complexity of the system is reduced.
Further, still include: a display 13, the display 13 being electrically connected to the controller 7.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
potential differences on all the measuring lines 4 before and after the salt bag is placed are displayed, so that the flow direction and the flow speed of water flow can be visually judged.
A groundwater flow direction measuring method of a groundwater flow direction measuring apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
s01, placing one of the power supply electrodes 14 into the aquifer of the borehole, wherein the power supply electrode 14 placed into the aquifer of the borehole is at a distance d from the upper opening of the borehole, placing the other power supply electrode 14 in the expected water direction and at a distance L from the upper opening of the borehole, and the power supply electrode 14 is powered by the power supply 1, wherein L/d > 15;
s02, drawing 8 radial measuring lines 4 on the ground at an included angle of 45 degrees by taking the center of the drilling hole as an original point;
s03, drawing a first circle 5 on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle, intersecting the first circle 5 with 8 radial measuring lines 4 to obtain 8 primary measuring points, arranging 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a first measuring part 11 on the 8 primary measuring points, and enabling two measuring electrodes in each pair of electrodes to be symmetrical with respect to the center of the drill hole;
s04, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the first measuring part 11 and recording the potential difference in the controller 7;
s05, drawing a potential origin, drawing 8 auxiliary rays 8 according to an included angle of 45 degrees by taking the potential origin as the origin, wherein the 8 auxiliary rays 8 correspond to the 8 radial measuring lines 4 one by one, and marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the first measuring part 11 on the measuring electrode corresponding auxiliary ray 8 of the first measuring part 11 with higher voltage of the radial measuring lines 4, wherein the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part 11 and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the potential difference marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays 8 are connected to form a closed primary initial voltage distribution ring 10;
s06, the power supply electrode 14 placed in the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole is lifted out of the drilled hole and tied with a salt bag on the hole, and then the power supply electrode is placed in the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole;
s07, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes in real time through the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the first measuring part 11, and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrodes in the controller 7 if the potential difference is stable for a continuous T1 period;
s08, marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the first measuring part 11 on the auxiliary ray 8 corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part 11 with higher voltage on the radial measuring line 4, wherein the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part 11 and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and connecting the voltage marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays 8 to form a closed primary process voltage distribution ring 9;
s09, comparing the primary initial voltage distribution ring 10 with the primary process voltage distribution ring 9, wherein the reverse direction of the primary process voltage distribution ring 9 relative to the maximum displacement of the primary initial voltage distribution ring 10 on the measuring line 4 is the underground water flow direction.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
the position of the measuring electrode in the first measuring part 11 does not need to be changed, the workload is smaller, the first measuring part 11 can measure the potential difference of 4 pairs of measuring electrodes simultaneously, the measuring speed is higher, the measuring result on each measuring line 4 can be ensured to be regarded as the same moment, and the flow direction measurement is more accurate.
Further, the step S03 further includes: drawing a second circle 6 on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of the circle, wherein the radius of the second circle 6 is different from that of the first circle 5, the second circle 6 is intersected with 8 radial measuring lines 4 to obtain 8 secondary measuring points, 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a second measuring part 12 are arranged on the 8 secondary measuring points, and two measuring electrodes in each pair of measuring electrodes are symmetrical about the center of the drill hole;
the step S04 further includes: the potential difference between the measurement electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measurement electrodes of the second measurement portion 12 is measured and recorded in the controller 7;
the step S05 further includes: the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the second measuring part 12 is marked on the auxiliary ray 8 corresponding to the measuring electrode of the second measuring part 12 with higher voltage of the radial measuring line 4, the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part 12 and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the potential difference marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays 8 are connected to form a closed secondary initial voltage distribution ring 15;
the step S07 further includes: measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes in real time by the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the second measuring part 12, and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrode in the controller 7 if the potential difference is kept stable for a continuous period of T2;
the step S08 further includes: the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the second measuring part 12 is marked on the auxiliary ray 8 corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part 11 with the higher voltage of the radial measuring line 4, the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part 12 and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the voltage marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays 8 are connected to form a closed secondary process voltage distribution ring 16;
further, in step S10, the radius of the second circle 6 is subtracted from the radius of the first circle 5 to obtain S, and the time difference Δ T between the first measurement unit 11 and the second measurement unit 12 to obtain the stable primary process voltage distribution loop and the stable secondary process voltage distribution loop 16 is measured, and the groundwater flow rate is calculated as follows:
and V is S/delta T, wherein V represents the flow rate of the groundwater.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects and advantages:
compared with the prior art that the measurement results on each measuring line 4 are not at the same time, the measurement results on each measuring line 4 can be regarded as being at the same time, so that the flow velocity measurement is more accurate, the position of the measuring electrode in the first measuring part 11 does not need to be changed, and the workload of the flow velocity measurement is smaller.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An underground water flow direction measuring device, comprising:
a power supply (1);
a potential measuring unit (2);
the power supply electrode (14), the power supply electrode (14) includes a pair, the power supply electrode (14) is electrically connected with the power supply (1);
a first measuring unit (11), wherein the first measuring unit (11) comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, and the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring unit (2);
the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring part (2) through an electrode selection circuit (3) between the measuring electrodes and the potential measuring part (2);
and a second measuring unit (12), wherein the second measuring unit (12) comprises 4 pairs of measuring electrodes, and the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes are electrically connected with the potential measuring unit (2) through an electrode selection circuit (3).
2. A groundwater flow direction measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode selection circuit (3) comprises:
one end of the first measuring line (3-1) is electrically connected with the first measuring end of the potential measuring part (2);
one end of the second measuring line (3-2) is electrically connected with the second measuring end of the potential measuring part (2);
the first relay group (3-3), the first relay group (3-3) comprises 4 relays, the outlet ends of the 4 relays in the first relay group (3-3) are electrically connected with the other end of the first measuring line (3-1), and the inlet ends of the 4 relays in the first relay group (3-3) are respectively electrically connected with one measuring electrode in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes;
the second relay group (3-4) comprises 4 relays, the outlet ends of the 4 relays in the second relay group (3-4) are electrically connected with the other end of the second measuring line (3-2), and the inlet ends of the 4 relays in the second relay group (3-4) are respectively electrically connected with one measuring electrode in the corresponding pair of measuring electrodes;
and the controller (7) is electrically connected with the control ends of the first relay group (3-3) and the second relay group (3-4), and the controller (7) is electrically connected with the potential measuring part (2).
3. A groundwater flow direction measuring device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a display (13), the display (13) being electrically connected to the controller (7).
4. A groundwater flow direction measuring method of a groundwater flow direction measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s01, placing one of the power supply electrodes (14) into the aquifer of the borehole, wherein the power supply electrode (14) placed in the aquifer of the borehole is at a distance d from the upper opening of the borehole, placing the other power supply electrode (14) in the expected water direction and at a distance L from the upper opening of the borehole, and supplying power to the power supply electrode (14) through the power supply (1), wherein the distance L/d > 15;
s02, drawing 8 radial measuring lines (4) on the ground at an included angle of 45 degrees by taking the center of the drilling hole as an original point;
s03, drawing a first circle (5) on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle, intersecting the first circle (5) with 8 radial measuring lines (4) to obtain 8 primary measuring points, arranging 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a first measuring part (11) on the 8 primary measuring points, and enabling two measuring electrodes in each pair of electrodes to be symmetrical about the center of the drill hole;
s04, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the first measuring part (11) and recording the potential difference in the controller (7);
s05, drawing a potential origin, drawing 8 auxiliary rays (8) according to an included angle of 45 degrees by taking the potential origin as the origin, wherein the 8 auxiliary rays (8) correspond to the 8 radial measuring lines (4) one by one, the potential difference of a measuring electrode of a first measuring part (11) is marked on the auxiliary ray (8) corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part (11) with the higher voltage of the radial measuring line (4), the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part (11) and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the potential difference marks on all adjacent auxiliary rays (8) are connected to form a closed primary initial voltage distribution ring (10);
s06, putting the power supply electrode (14) in the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole out of the drilled hole, binding a salt bag on the power supply electrode, and then putting the power supply electrode into the water-bearing stratum of the drilled hole;
s07, measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each pair of the 4 measuring electrodes in real time through the 4 pairs of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part (11), and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrodes in the controller (7) if the potential difference is kept stable within a continuous T1 period;
s08, marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the first measuring part (11) on the auxiliary ray (8) corresponding to the measuring electrode of the first measuring part (11) with the higher voltage of the radial measuring line (4), wherein the distance between the marking point of the first measuring part (11) and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, and the voltage marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays (8) are connected to form a closed primary process voltage distribution ring (9);
s09, comparing the primary initial voltage distribution ring (10) with the primary process voltage distribution ring (9), wherein the reverse direction of the primary process voltage distribution ring (9) relative to the maximum displacement of the primary initial voltage distribution ring (10) on the measuring line (4) is the underground water flow direction.
5. A groundwater flow direction measuring method according to claim 4,
the step S03 further includes: drawing a second circle (6) on the ground by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle, wherein the radius of the second circle (6) is different from that of the first circle (5), the second circle (6) is intersected with 8 radial measuring lines (4) to obtain 8 secondary measuring points, 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of a second measuring part (12) are arranged on the 8 secondary measuring points, and two measuring electrodes in each pair of measuring electrodes are centrosymmetric about the center of the drill hole; the step S04 further includes: measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each of the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the second measuring part (12) and recording the potential difference in the controller (7);
the step S05 further includes: marking the potential difference of the measuring electrode of the second measuring part (12) on the auxiliary ray (8) corresponding to the measuring electrode of the second measuring part (12) with the higher voltage of the radial measuring line (4), wherein the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part (12) and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and the higher the voltage is, the farther the distance from the potential origin is, connecting the potential difference marks on all the adjacent auxiliary rays (8) to form a closed secondary initial voltage distribution ring (15);
the step S07 further includes: measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrodes in each pair of the 4 measuring electrodes in real time through the 4 pairs of measuring electrodes of the second measuring part (12), and recording the potential difference and the corresponding measuring electrodes in the controller (7) if the potential difference is kept stable within a continuous T2 period;
the step S08 further includes: marking the potential difference of a measuring electrode of a second measuring part (12) on an auxiliary ray (8) corresponding to the measuring electrode of a first measuring part (11) with a higher voltage of a radial measuring line (4), wherein the distance between the marking point of the second measuring part (12) and the potential origin is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the potential difference, and connecting the voltage marks on all adjacent auxiliary rays (8) to form a closed secondary process voltage distribution ring (16) when the voltage is higher and the distance from the potential origin is farther;
further comprising:
step S10, subtracting the radius of the second circle (6) from the radius of the first circle (5) to obtain S, measuring the time difference delta T between the stable primary process voltage distribution ring obtained by the first measuring part (11) and the stable secondary process voltage distribution ring (16) obtained by the second measuring part (12), and calculating the groundwater flow speed as follows:
and V is S/delta T, wherein V represents the flow rate of the groundwater.
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