CN114136617B - Dynamic monitoring method for high-speed main shaft bearing - Google Patents
Dynamic monitoring method for high-speed main shaft bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114136617B CN114136617B CN202111436428.7A CN202111436428A CN114136617B CN 114136617 B CN114136617 B CN 114136617B CN 202111436428 A CN202111436428 A CN 202111436428A CN 114136617 B CN114136617 B CN 114136617B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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Abstract
A dynamic monitoring method for a high-speed main shaft bearing belongs to the field of bearing state monitoring. The invention aims at solving the problem that the existing method for monitoring the bearing state by monitoring the rotating speed and vibration index of the rotor system of the whole machine can not directly reflect the bearing state. Comprising the following steps: collecting a rotor rotating speed signal and a rotor rotating frequency signal when a host machine works, performing spectrum analysis, and separating out a real-time rotating speed of an inner ring of a bearing, a real-time rotating speed of an outer ring of the bearing and a real-time rotating speed of a retainer; the angular contact ball bearing is obtained by calculating the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing and the real-time rotating speed of the retainer, so as to determine the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing; for the angular contact ball bearing and the cylindrical roller bearing, the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies are obtained through calculation of the real-time rotation speed of the inner ring of the bearing, the real-time rotation speed of the outer ring of the bearing and the real-time rotation speed of the retainer, and then the dynamic state of the bearing is determined. The invention is used for dynamically monitoring the bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic monitoring method for a high-speed main shaft bearing, and belongs to the field of bearing state monitoring.
Background
Currently, in various power machines and turbo machines, a large number of spindle bearings operating at high speed or even at ultra-high speed are used as rotor bearings, and these bearings have extremely high operating speeds and are mounted on a core support portion of the machine, so that stable operation is extremely important for the performance and life of the main machine. Because the special application mode of the bearing is that the bearing is positioned in the main shaft or the wheel disc in use, direct monitoring and maintenance cannot be performed, and the working state of the bearing cannot be effectively known.
Aiming at the problem, the state detection method of the existing main shaft bearing mainly adopts three modes: firstly, monitoring metal chip quantity through a whole machine lubrication system; secondly, monitoring according to the rotating speed and vibration index of the rotor system of the whole machine; and thirdly, bearing inspection is carried out by periodically stopping and overhauling. In the method, a metal alarm device is required to be installed at the tail end of an oil way or oil samples are required to be extracted periodically, hysteresis exists in application, the oil samples are interfered by abrasive dust with various similar components, and the bearing state cannot be reflected in real time; the second type is limited by the installation detection point of the sensor, and only data of the rotor can be indirectly acquired in use, so that the state of the bearing cannot be directly reflected; the third method can intuitively perform bearing inspection, but has high cost, multiple procedures and long time consumption, and cannot be frequently performed in a service period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic monitoring method for a high-speed main shaft bearing, which aims at solving the problem that the existing method for monitoring the bearing state by monitoring the rotating speed and vibration index of a rotor system of a complete machine cannot directly reflect the bearing state.
The invention relates to a dynamic monitoring method of a high-speed main shaft bearing, which comprises the following steps,
collecting a rotor rotating speed signal and a rotor rotating frequency signal when a host machine works, and performing frequency spectrum analysis to separate out a real-time rotating speed of an inner ring of a bearing, a real-time rotating speed of an outer ring of the bearing and a real-time rotating speed of a retainer;
for the angular contact ball bearing, calculating according to the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing and the real-time rotating speed of the retainer to obtain a real-time contact angle of the bearing, and determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing;
for the angular contact ball bearing and the cylindrical roller bearing, the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies are obtained through calculation according to the real-time rotation speed of the inner ring of the bearing, the real-time rotation speed of the outer ring of the bearing and the real-time rotation speed of the retainer, and the corresponding bearing dynamics are determined according to the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies.
According to the method for dynamically monitoring the high-speed main shaft bearing, the method for calculating the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
alpha in the formula R For bearing real-time contact angle, N i For real-time rotation of the inner ring of the bearingSpeed, N c For real-time rotation speed of the retainer, D is the outer diameter of the bearing, D is the inner diameter of the bearing, D w Is the sphere diameter.
According to the method for dynamically monitoring the high-speed main shaft bearing, the method for determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
if alpha is R The angular contact ball bearing is in an overload or climbing state;
if alpha is R If less than alpha, the angular contact ball bearing is in no-load or slipping condition;
if alpha is R =α, then the angular contact ball bearing operates normally;
where α is the normal contact angle of the bearing.
According to the method for dynamically monitoring the high-speed main shaft bearing, the method for calculating the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies comprises the following steps:
N r ＝ c ，
in N r For the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies, N R For the revolution speed of rolling bodies without sliding, N o The real-time rotating speed of the outer ring of the bearing is obtained.
According to the method for dynamically monitoring the high-speed main shaft bearing, the method for determining the dynamic state of the corresponding bearing by the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies comprises the following steps:
if N r ＞Ｎ R The rotation of the angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing is slid;
if N r ＜N R The rotation of the angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing is blocked;
if N r ＝N R The angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing operates normally.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the intermediate index of the real-time rotating speed of the main shaft bearing retainer, takes the rotor rotating speed and the rotating frequency monitoring signal which can be directly obtained in real time by the operation of the main machine as input, obtains the corresponding real-time working contact angle of the main shaft bearing and the revolution rotating speed of the rolling body, and realizes the real-time and direct monitoring of the core parameters of the working state of the diagonal contact ball and the cylindrical roller type high-speed main shaft bearing.
The invention utilizes mature rotating speed and rotating frequency monitoring data in the existing high-speed dynamic machinery, combines with basic design parameters (inner diameter, outer diameter, rolling body diameter, contact angle and the like) of the bearing to realize real-time monitoring of core parameters (bearing real-time contact angle, rolling body real-time revolution speed, rolling body non-sliding revolution speed and the like) of the working state of the high-speed main shaft bearing, and combines with dynamic criteria of each parameter to realize analysis and judgment of specific states of the high-speed main shaft bearing, such as bearing, running, sliding and the like.
The method can monitor the state of the main shaft bearing in real time on line and in a non-contact manner, has no influence on the operation and the structure of the high-speed rotor in use, and can meet the requirements of the power machine on real-time or optionally developed main shaft bearing state analysis, problem diagnosis, fault prevention and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for dynamically monitoring a high-speed spindle bearing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The invention provides a dynamic monitoring method for a high-speed main shaft bearing, which is shown in the figure 1, and comprises the following steps of,
collecting a rotor rotating speed signal and a rotor rotating frequency signal when a host machine works, and performing frequency spectrum analysis to separate out a real-time rotating speed of an inner ring of a bearing, a real-time rotating speed of an outer ring of the bearing, a real-time rotating speed of a retainer and a real-time rotating frequency of the retainer; forming real-time working rotation speed data of the bearing inner ring, the bearing outer ring and the retainer;
for the angular contact ball bearing, calculating according to the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing and the real-time rotating speed of the retainer to obtain a real-time contact angle of the bearing, and determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing;
for the angular contact ball bearing and the cylindrical roller bearing, the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies are obtained through calculation according to the real-time rotation speed of the inner ring of the bearing, the real-time rotation speed of the outer ring of the bearing and the real-time rotation speed of the retainer, and the corresponding bearing dynamics are determined according to the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies.
In the present embodiment, the type of the bearing may be predetermined to be an angular ball bearing or a cylindrical roller bearing according to the structural form of the main shaft bearing.
For the angular contact ball bearing, further, the method for calculating the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
alpha in the formula R For bearing real-time contact angle, N i For the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing, N c For real-time rotation speed of the retainer, D is the outer diameter of the bearing, D is the inner diameter of the bearing, D w Is the sphere diameter. Wherein D, D and D w The data is selected for the bearing, and can be directly searched and obtained.
Still further, the method for determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
if alpha is R The angular contact ball bearing is in an overload or climbing state;
if alpha is R If less than alpha, the angular contact ball bearing is in no-load or slipping condition;
if alpha is R =α, then the angular contact ball bearing operates normally;
where α is the normal contact angle of the bearing, and can be obtained by the information about the bearing configuration, usually a range of values.
For the cylindrical roller bearing, further, the method for calculating the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies comprises the following steps:
N r ＝ c ，
in N r For the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies, N R For the revolution speed of rolling bodies without sliding, N o The real-time rotating speed of the outer ring of the bearing is obtained.
Still further, the method for determining the dynamic state of the corresponding bearing from the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies includes:
if N r ＞N R The angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing slides when rotating, and rubbing cold risks occur;
if N r ＜N R The rotation of the angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing is blocked, and the abrasion risk is generated;
if N r ＝N R The angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing operates normally.
Through the process, the core parameters of the working state of the high-speed main shaft bearing are obtained, wherein the core parameters comprise the real-time contact angle alpha of the bearing R Real-time revolution speed N of rolling bodies r And a rolling body sliding-free revolution speed N R . And taking the core parameters as dynamic criteria to obtain a judging result of the running state of the high-speed main shaft bearing.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (3)
1. A dynamic monitoring method for a high-speed main shaft bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
collecting a rotor rotating speed signal and a rotor rotating frequency signal when a host machine works, and performing frequency spectrum analysis to separate out a real-time rotating speed of an inner ring of a bearing, a real-time rotating speed of an outer ring of the bearing and a real-time rotating speed of a retainer;
for the angular contact ball bearing, calculating according to the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing and the real-time rotating speed of the retainer to obtain a real-time contact angle of the bearing, and determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing;
for the angular contact ball bearing and the cylindrical roller bearing, the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies are obtained through calculation according to the real-time rotation speed of the inner ring of the bearing, the real-time rotation speed of the outer ring of the bearing and the real-time rotation speed of the retainer, and corresponding bearing dynamics are determined according to the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the non-sliding revolution speed of the rolling bodies;
the method for calculating the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
alpha in the formula R For bearing real-time contact angle, N i For the real-time rotating speed of the inner ring of the bearing, N c For real-time rotation speed of the retainer, D is the outer diameter of the bearing, D is the inner diameter of the bearing, D w Is the diameter of the sphere;
the method for calculating the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies comprises the following steps:
N r ＝N c ，
in N r For the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies, N R For the revolution speed of rolling bodies without sliding, N o The real-time rotating speed of the outer ring of the bearing is obtained.
2. The method for dynamically monitoring a high-speed spindle bearing according to claim 1, wherein,
the method for determining the dynamic state of the angular contact ball bearing by the real-time contact angle of the bearing comprises the following steps:
if alpha is R The angular contact ball bearing is in an overload or climbing state;
if alpha is R If less than alpha, the angular contact ball bearing is in no-load or slipping condition;
if alpha is R =α, then the angular contact ball bearing operates normally;
where α is the normal contact angle of the bearing.
3. The method for dynamically monitoring a high-speed spindle bearing according to claim 1, wherein,
the method for determining the dynamic state of the corresponding bearing by the real-time revolution speed of the rolling bodies and the sliding-free revolution speed of the rolling bodies comprises the following steps:
if N r ＞N R The rotation of the angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing is slid;
if N r ＜N R The rotation of the angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing is blocked;
if N r ＝N R The angular contact ball bearing or the cylindrical roller bearing operates normally.
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| CN202111436428.7A CN114136617B (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Dynamic monitoring method for high-speed main shaft bearing |
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| JP2006125475A (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-18 | Jtekt Corp | Bearing device |
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