CN114134955A - Self-networking and self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management system and water pressure management method thereof - Google Patents
Self-networking and self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management system and water pressure management method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tap water supply systems, and particularly discloses a pressure management system and a water pressure management method for an ad hoc network and a self-powered water supply network. The management system comprises a plurality of self-powered intelligent pressure reduction execution devices with ad-hoc network cooperative regulation and control characteristics, each device has detection, analysis, execution and communication capabilities, an optimized pressure control value of each water supply node is determined through mutual cooperative modeling and calculation among the devices, the pressure regulation and control of installation nodes are executed through a method of converting water supply pressure difference into electric energy, the electric energy converted by water pressure regulation and control is converted and stored through conversion, the running power supply of the device is realized, the self-powered characteristics of the device enable the device to have low requirements on installation conditions, and the device can be installed in a water supply network in a large scale. The system can obviously reduce the whole water pressure of the water supply network and realize the pressure optimization management of the water supply network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tap water supply systems, and relates to a pressure management system of an ad hoc network and a self-powered water supply network and a water pressure management method thereof.
Background
Modern cities are getting larger and larger, and the geographic area covered is also getting larger and larger. In order to achieve reliable water supply, it is necessary to establish a multistage pressurizing station, and to approach the upper pressurizing limit as close as possible according to the design value when setting the actual pressurizing value. The uncertainty of urban change brings great difficulty to the pressure management of the water supply network, for example, some newly-built communities have slow population occupancy, so that the set water supply demand is far greater than the actual demand, the water supply pressure has great surplus, and the short-term shortage of the water supply pressure may occur in other areas due to the reasons of construction, population mobility and the like. By uniformly increasing the pressure of the pipe network, although reliable water supply is ensured, the water pressure in the water supply pipe network is often higher.
There are two very direct adverse consequences of high water pressure: (1) the accelerated damage of a water supply pipe network is an important reason for aggravation of leakage of the pipe network, and the condition is more prominent in mountainous cities with large fall, so that accidents such as pipe explosion and the like are frequent, and further greater economic loss and social influence are caused; (2) excessive, but useless water pressure is a significant waste of energy, deviating significantly from the goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutralization".
In order to solve the problem of high water pressure in a water supply network and realize optimized water pressure management, a plurality of methods are developed in practice. In conclusion, the early stage mainly adopts a passive pressure reduction idea, namely a pressure reduction device is adopted to reduce the water pressure of a pipe network so as to achieve the water pressure required by terminal water; and in the later stage, along with the technical progress, the active dynamic pressure reduction idea is gradually applied, and the idea dynamically adjusts the water pressure of the outlet water of the pressurizing station and the pressure reduction amount of the key node by acquiring real-time data of a pipe network. The optimized pressure management can be realized only by actively and dynamically reducing the pressure, and the purpose of energy-saving operation is realized.
As an actuating device, a pressure reducing device is commonly used in the past, including a manual pressure reducing valve and an electric pressure reducing valve. Due to the wide area nature of water supply network coverage, the pressure relief valve installation location is generally remote. The manual pressure reducing valve is manually set to a pressure reducing opening. After the opening degree is set, the adjusting frequency is very low, and the capacity of dynamically adjusting according to the overall water pressure condition of the pipe network is not provided. In practice, many manual pressure reducing valves lose pressure reducing effect due to long-term inactivity, rapid rusting. Thus, complaints about water supply due to failure or improper opening of the pressure reducing valve often occur in practice. The electric pressure reducing valve can dynamically adjust the opening according to a remote signal, and the problem that the traditional pressure reducing valve is inconvenient to operate is solved. However, since the installation requires both power supply and communication lines, these two conditions are often not available on the installation site of the pressure reducing valve, which results in a considerable reduction in the availability in practice and the installation ratio is still not high. For example, the utility model "internet of things-based pressure reduction management control device" (application No. 202022134908.5) is a typical example of this direction.
In order to realize the active dynamic pressure reduction of the water supply network and improve the pressure regulation precision, the pressure sensor, the pressure reducing valve, the communication unit and the control unit are integrated and matched with the cloud platform, and a new generation of water pressure regulation system equipment is formed. The equipment can measure the real-time change of the water pressure, transmits the measured data back to the cloud platform through the communication unit, and is matched with the cloud platform to implement a higher-level water pressure dynamic control method through the control unit. In the development direction, the invention patent of (1) a multi-period self-adaptive constant pressure system (application number: 202011264214.1) can monitor the real-time pressure difference before and after the valve, and the pressure value after the valve is set according to the requirements of different periods; (2) the invention discloses a pressure monitoring control system for a water supply network (application number: 201910027045.0), which is used for carrying out statistical analysis on pressure data acquired at the point, carrying out comparison analysis according to a curve of the pressure data changing along with the fluctuation of time and a critical water supply pressure data model, converting a judgment result of the comparison analysis into a corresponding control signal in real time, transmitting the control signal back to a control module through a communication module, and adjusting a pressure reducing valve of a pressure adjusting point; (3) the invention discloses a management system capable of realizing remote water supply network pressure (application number: 202110451664.X), a more complete cloud system is designed, more comprehensive water supply network pressure management can be carried out, and field pressure regulation and control equipment carries out field pressure regulation and control in three working modes of a time-pressure mode, a flow-pressure mode, an intelligent mode and the like.
However, the above designs still need to be further improved to better meet practical application requirements for pressure regulation of water supply networks: (1) the equipment still needs external power supply, so that the application range of the equipment in the water supply network environment is severely limited; (2) the single cloud-centric model reduces the reliability of the water supply network and increases the complexity of the overall system design, and maintenance.
The potential problems of the cloud center model in water supply network pressure management and the common problems of the cloud computing applied to distributed field control are further described as follows: (1) the reliability of water supply is reduced, and the collapse of the cloud center can cause the collapse of pressure management of the water supply network; (2) communication delay between the cloud center and the field device makes a real-time control algorithm required on the field impossible to implement, such as an optimization algorithm based on distributed predictive control (DMPC); (3) when the scale of the water supply network is large, the number of pressure reducing valves to be collected is large, the corresponding real-time modeling data processing task is heavy, great burden is brought to the bandwidth and the computing capacity of a cloud center, and the design, implementation and maintenance difficulty of corresponding cloud application is greatly increased; (4) when the cloud center server condition is not met due to condition limitation, the corresponding pressure management system cannot be implemented, and the application implementation threshold is improved.
Due to the particularity of the water supply network, the existing technology still has the difficulties that the requirement on the installation condition of the pressure reducing equipment is high (external power supply is needed), the reliability of the water supply network is reduced due to the introduction of cloud computing, and the like, and the difficulty in solving the above problems is a key problem for promoting the comprehensive dynamic pressure management in the water supply network. The solution of these problems can make the pressure management of the water supply network really usable, easy to use and easy to use in practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pressure management system of an ad hoc network and a self-powered water supply pipe network and a water pressure management method thereof, which realize the pressure optimization management of the water supply pipe network.
In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a self-powered water supply network pressure management system comprises a plurality of self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices with self-powered network cooperative regulation and control characteristics, and the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices realize water supply network pressure optimization regulation and control in a cooperative mode.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows: the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction execution devices are distributed on the water supply pipe network, and a water supply pipe network cooperative water pressure management system which does not need cloud center participation or independent power supply is constructed. The execution device has the capabilities of detection, analysis, execution and communication, realizes pressure regulation and control and autonomous power supply of the installation node by converting the water supply pressure difference into electric energy, has low requirements on installation conditions due to the self-powered characteristic, does not require power supply and communication conditions at the installation position, can be installed in a water supply network on a large scale, and provides a technical implementation basis for water quality monitoring and fault detection of a large-scale pipe network.
Further, the self-powered intelligent decompression execution device comprises a detection module, an analysis module, a decompression execution module, a self-powered module and a self-organized communication and cooperation module;
the detection module is used for acquiring real-time data of operation of the water supply pipe network and installation environment data, wherein the real-time data comprises water pressure, flow and water quality;
the analysis module is used for acquiring and analyzing the data acquired by the detection module, establishing a required analysis model and providing necessary decision data support for water supply pressure calculation;
the pressure reduction execution module is used for controlling the flow pressure of the pipe network and outputting electric energy;
the self-powered module is used for storing the electric energy output by the decompression execution module and providing electric energy support for the operation of the device;
the self-organizing communication and cooperation module is used for realizing P2P peer-to-peer communication networking among a large number of intelligent decompression execution devices in a centerless participation mode.
The detection module is used for acquiring data of the required node, the analysis model is established according to the acquired data to accurately analyze the flow-pressure drop dynamic relation, and accurate data support is provided for pressure output setting of the subsequent water supply node so as to facilitate subsequent control operation. The pressure reduction execution module achieves the goal of reducing the pressure of the water supply node, and stores the electric energy converted by pressure reduction by the self-powered module to achieve self-power supply.
Further, the analysis module comprises a water demand characteristic analysis unit and a flow pressure drop analysis unit;
the water demand characteristic analysis unit is used for carrying out data analysis on the water demand characteristics of the water supply nodes so as to give a water demand prediction close to the actual demand;
the flow pressure drop analysis unit receives real-time flow and water pressure data pairs transmitted by the devices arranged on the lower-level water supply nodes through the mutual cooperation of the two sets of interconnection devices, and constructs a flow pressure drop model from the upper-level node to the lower-level node according to the synchronous real-time flow and water pressure data of the device arranged on the lower-level water supply node, and the flow pressure drop model is used as a basis for pressure regulation and control. The analysis module obtains relevant data through model analysis, and provides necessary data support for water supply pressure calculation.
Further, the decompression execution module comprises a hydraulic turbine set, a hydraulic control auxiliary unit and a decompression execution controller;
the hydraulic turbine set is used for converting water pressure into electric energy to realize pressure reduction execution operation of the water pressure;
the water pressure control auxiliary unit is used for performing supplementary pressure regulation when the water pressure is too high and the energy conversion efficiency of the water turbine set cannot achieve the pressure reduction effect;
and the decompression execution controller is used for controlling the decompression execution process according to different decompression execution modes.
The hydraulic turbine set and the water pressure control auxiliary unit can perform pressure reduction and pressure regulation operation, and have different pressure reduction control execution modes according to different positions of water supply nodes installed on the device, so that the pressure reduction execution module is controlled to reduce pressure.
Further, the self-powered module comprises a rectifying and voltage-reducing unit, a voltage-limiting constant-current unit, a voltage-boosting inversion unit, an alternating-current load unit, an energy storage unit, a direct-current load unit and an electric energy management control unit;
the input end of the rectifying and voltage-reducing unit is connected with the hydraulic turbine set, the first output end of the rectifying and voltage-reducing unit is connected with the first input end of the boosting and inverting unit, the output end of the boosting and inverting unit is connected with the input end of the alternating current load unit, and the second input end of the boosting and inverting unit is connected with the first output end of the energy storage unit;
the second output end of the rectification voltage reduction unit is connected with the first input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit, the output end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is connected with the input end of the energy storage unit, the second input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is bidirectionally connected with the output end of the electric energy management control unit, the input end of the electric energy management control unit is connected with the third output end of the energy storage unit, and the second output end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input end of the direct current load unit;
the boost inversion unit comprises a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the input end of the DC/DC converter is respectively connected with the rectification voltage reduction unit and the energy storage unit, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected with the input end of the DC/AC converter, and the output end of the DC/AC converter is connected with the alternating current load unit.
The self-powered module is used for storing the electric energy output by the decompression execution module so as to supply power for the device.
Further, the self-organizing communication and collaboration module comprises a communication unit and a collaboration unit;
the communication unit provides a basic wireless or wired communication function for the whole device, simultaneously records communication target addresses of a superior node and a subordinate node in the water supply network to form a corresponding routing table, sends a data packet or a command to the superior node or the subordinate node according to the calculation requirement of a cooperative algorithm in the self-powered water supply network pressure management method, and realizes further routing when needed, thereby constructing a centerless grid structure of the water supply network pressure management system;
and the cooperative unit completes negotiation with other devices according to the cooperative flow of pressure control according to the selected decompression execution mode, and transmits the decompression set value in the negotiation result to the decompression execution controller to execute decompression.
And the communication and cooperation module is utilized to ensure the smooth transmission of data and the execution of the cooperation flow.
Further, the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction execution device further comprises a human-computer interaction and remote operation and maintenance module, and the human-computer interaction and remote operation and maintenance module comprises a human-computer interaction unit and a remote operation and maintenance unit;
the human-computer interaction unit is connected with the output end of each module and is used for displaying relevant operation information of the device;
and the remote operation and maintenance unit receives and executes the functional instructions required by the operation and maintenance, which are sent by the cloud center platform, according to the operation and maintenance requirements of the device.
The human-computer interaction and remote operation and maintenance module realizes the remote reception of human-computer interaction and operation and maintenance instructions, and is convenient to use.
Further, the self-powered intelligent decompression execution device further comprises an external power supply module used for supplying the electric energy stored by the energy storage unit to other devices for use.
An external power supply module is arranged to ensure the power utilization of the equipment.
The invention also provides a self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management method based on the system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collaborative acquisition of real-time data:
the lower-level water supply node obtains the flow Q per minute of the node, and takes the median value of the water pressure data collected in each minute for recording the flow as a characteristic value p for representing the pressure in the minuteLower nodeForm (Q, p)Lower node) A data pair, which is sent to a superior node;
the superior water supply node acquires the median of the data sent by the node and the subordinate node to the water pressure data in the corresponding minute, and the median is used as a pressure characteristic value p for representing the node in the minuteSuperior nodeAnd calculating to obtain the pressure drop value of the water supply branch in the time period:
ppressure drop＝pSuperior node-pLower node
Q and pPressure dropComposed data pairs (Q, p)Pressure drop) Forming a data set for constructing a flow-pressure drop function;
step 2: establishing an initial flow pressure drop prediction model:
the flow pressure drop model based on second order polynomial regression is as follows:
pd＝a0+a1q+a2q2
wherein the dependent variable is the pressure drop pdThe independent variable is flow q, and the modeling target is to obtain a model parameter a according to the existing sample data0,a1,a2；
When the system is initially set up, there are n training data, a matrix is defined based on the training data, qnFor the flow of the n-th training data, pdnFor the pressure drop of the nth training data, input:
an augmentation matrix may then be defined:
Z＝[Q P]n×4
the cross product matrix of the augmented matrix is:
model parameters
Can be expressed as:
establishing an initial flow pressure drop model based on the obtained model parameters, and using a loading device as the initial model;
and step 3: and (3) performing online iterative updating of the flow pressure drop prediction model:
according to step 1, every hour the superior node can obtain 60 (Q, p) signals reflecting the flow pressure drop change between the superior node and the subordinate nodePressure drop) Data, new data may be represented as:
wherein q is1 *,q2 *…q60 *For a new flow rate per minute in one hour,
wherein p isd1 *,pd2 *…pd60 *Is a new superior node every minute in one hourA pressure difference from the lower node;
merging the original data and the new data together by using an augmentation matrix is represented as:
the corresponding cross product matrix is:
the model parameters after adding new data were:
pd＝a0 *+a1 *q+a2 *q2；
and 4, step 4: and (3) predicting the water supply flow:
each device installed at the water supply terminal node groups the flow data of the node according to the flow data obtained in the step 1 and working days, rest days, months, daily peak and valley periods to obtain 48 groups of data;
each group of divided data has approximate normal distribution characteristics, and the average value of water consumption of each group of data is calculated
Standard deviation sigma, determining its data group according to the next hour, and comparing the data group
Sending the prediction result to a superior equipment node as a water demand estimation value in the time period;
the superior node device adds the received flow prediction data of all the subordinate nodes to obtain the water supply flow prediction of the node in the next hour;
gradually moving upwards in this way to obtain the water supply flow prediction of each stage of water supply node;
and 5: determining the water supply pressure:
substituting the water supply flow prediction obtained in the step 4 into the flow pressure drop prediction iterative model obtained in the step 3, and calculating to obtain the pressure drop p from the upper node to the lower node under the flowdTo meet the water supply demand pressure p of the lower nodesOn the premise, the upper node supplies water pressure p to the lower noderCalculated as follows:
pr＝λ(pd+ps)
lambda is an adjusting parameter used for adjusting the required water supply pressure value and setting according to the historical condition of the water supply branch, and the default value is 1;
when the upper node has N lower nodes, the water supply pressure p of the upper node for all the lower nodes is calculated according to the stepsr1,pr2…, the final output pressure at this node is:
the calculation is carried out step by step upwards until the water supply output pressure value of the water supply pressurizing station at the uppermost stage is calculated.
Based on the self-cooperation and analysis capability, a flow-pressure drop model between a higher-level water supply node and a lower-level water supply node is constructed based on the cooperation of the device and a data driving method, and a flow-pressure drop curve of a water supply pipeline is obtained through a flow-pressure drop analysis unit, so that support is provided for accurate water supply pressure calculation of the higher-level node. The networking collaborative decompression mode is adopted, and the decompression value strategy of each node is dynamically optimized and calculated step by step upwards from the water supply terminal node, so that the decompression value is closer to the actual water pressure requirement of the water supply network, the whole water pressure of the pipe network is reduced, and a solid foundation is laid for further reducing the leakage of the pipe network and reducing the energy consumption of the pipe network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-powered water supply network pressure management system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a DMA water supply area of the self-powered water supply network pressure management system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for determining a pressure reduction value for a self-powered water supply network pressure management system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step-by-step upward decompression value calculation process of the pressure management system of the self-powered water supply network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The problem that water pressure is on the high side universally exists in present water supply pipe network, needs carry out decompression control to satisfy water pressure requirement, reduce the pipe network simultaneously and leak and decrease and the operation energy consumption. The prior pressure reduction control device mainly has the following main problems that (1) the field installation condition is high in requirement (external power supply and communication conditions are needed), and the device cannot be used in a water supply network in a large area; (2) the pressure reduction control mode is simple, the pressure reduction value is generally set through a single-point pressure threshold, the threshold is often unreasonable to set, and the dynamic water supply demand change of a water supply network cannot be met; (3) pressure reducing equipment under the networking mode relies on the support of cloud center, has reduced the water supply security of water supply pipe network, has increased the degree of difficulty of system design, realization and maintenance.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a pressure management system for an ad hoc network and a self-powered water supply network, which can be applied to cooperative regulation of water pressure of a large-scale water supply network. The system comprises a plurality of self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices with the ad-hoc network cooperative regulation and control characteristic, and the pressure of the water supply network is optimized and controlled through cooperation among the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices. The self-powered intelligent pressure reduction execution device can be installed in any water supply network environment, an external power supply is not needed, and detection, analysis, communication and execution operations required by active dynamic water pressure regulation and control are independently completed.
The self-organizing network is a network organization among a plurality of decompression execution devices participating in a water supply network pressure management system, is a centerless structure, the nodes are in peer-to-peer communication relation, each device has communication target addresses of upper nodes and lower nodes in the water supply network, and data are sent to the upper nodes and the lower nodes according to algorithm setting and are further routed when needed. According to the scheme, the water supply pressure difference is converted into electric energy, the pressure regulation and control and the autonomous power supply of the installation node are realized, the self-powered characteristic of the installation node is low in requirement on the installation condition, and the installation node can be installed in a water supply network on a large scale. The self-powered intelligent decompression execution device comprises a detection module, a storage module, an analysis module, a decompression execution module and a self-powered module.
The detection module is used for acquiring real-time data of operation of a water supply network and installation environment data, the real-time data mainly comprises water pressure, flow, water quality and other water supply network related data, the installation environment data comprises deployment environment data such as temperature and humidity, and a water pressure sensor is preferably installed in front of and behind the device. The storage module is used for providing data storage and reading services for other modules, and the storage contents mainly comprise real-time acquisition data, characteristic indexes, analysis conclusions and the like which are stored in a time sequence form.
The analysis module is used for acquiring and analyzing the data acquired by the detection module to obtain water demand prediction data, establishing a required analysis model based on the water demand prediction data, acquiring related data through model analysis, and providing necessary data support for water supply pressure calculation, and comprises a water demand characteristic analysis unit and a flow pressure drop analysis unit.
And the water demand characteristic analysis unit of the analysis module is used for carrying out data analysis on the water demand characteristics of the water supply nodes so as to provide water demand prediction data close to the actual demand. The prediction of water consumption demand is not an accurate estimation of water consumption, but is a setting of an upper limit of water consumption on the premise of ensuring reliable water supply. In water supply network design, the value is set according to the peak water usage, for example, for a residential district, according to the maximum residential occupancy. However, in practice, for example, for a newly-built community, because the early-stage occupancy is small, the actual water consumption is much smaller than the design flow, and the setting of the pressure according to the design water consumption is one of the reasons for the larger pressure of the water supply network.
The flow and pressure drop analysis unit of the analysis module receives real-time flow and water pressure data pairs transmitted by the device arranged on the lower-level water supply node through the mutual cooperation of the two sets of interconnection devices, and constructs a flow-pressure drop model from the upper-level node to the lower-level node according to the synchronous real-time flow and water pressure data of the device.
The pressure reduction execution module is used for controlling the flow pressure of the pipe network and outputting electric energy, and has different pressure reduction control execution modes according to different positions of water supply nodes installed on the device. The pressure reduction execution module comprises a hydraulic turbine set, a water pressure control auxiliary unit and a pressure reduction execution controller, wherein the hydraulic turbine set is used for converting water pressure into electric energy and realizing the pressure reduction execution operation of the water pressure. The water pressure control auxiliary unit is used for supplementing and regulating pressure when the water pressure is too high and the energy conversion efficiency of the hydraulic turbine set cannot achieve the pressure reduction effect, and the D941-16Q type sealing electric valve is preferably used as the water pressure control auxiliary unit. The decompression execution controller is used for controlling the decompression execution according to different decompression execution modes, preferably SIMATIC S7-1200, and different decompression execution modes can be adopted for different water supply nodes:
(1) independent constant pressure reduction mode: in this mode, the actuator operates independently, and the pressure reduction control is performed according to the set pressure reduction output value. The mode is suitable for the tail end water supply node, and for the tail end node, the tail end water pressure is mainly controlled, and the constant pressure reduction mode can be adopted to control the pressure reduction output according to the water pressure requirement of the urban pipe network.
(2) Networking collaborative decompression mode: in this mode, the execution devices deployed at a plurality of relevant water supply nodes are required to form a water supply network water pressure management system so as to dynamically determine the decompression amount of each device.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, a DMA partitioned metered water supply area is adopted, wherein 8 nodes and 8 water supply branches are included. And each node is provided with a set of execution device, and the execution devices are networked to form a water pressure management system. Nodes 7 and 8 are water supply end nodes, such as residential communities, for which the pressure control objective is primarily to meet the pressure control requirements, so that a constant pressure reduction mode can be employed to bring the pressure output of the device to a set pressure value p7And p8. The node 6 supplies water to the node 7 and the node 8, meets the flow requirements of the node 7 and the node 8, is a basic requirement of the node 6 for pressure reduction control, and therefore a networking cooperative pressure reduction mode is used. As shown in fig. 3, there is direct data exchange between the node 6 and the nodes 7 and 8, and the pressure regulation target of the node 6 will calculate its output pressure value p with the flow rate and corresponding pressure meeting the flow rate and corresponding pressure of the nodes 7 and 8 as the target6。
As shown in fig. 4, the whole water supply network pressure management system is upward step by step, and the pressure regulation and control target calculation of each node is completed. Node 1 is the pressurization station of the present water supply area and it performs its own pressurization control based on the water supply flow and pressure requirements provided to it by node 2. Because the water supply flow and the pressure provided by the node 2 are obtained by calculating from the water supply end node upwards step by step, the actual water supply demand condition of the water supply area can be better reflected. Therefore, the pressurization of the node 1 is not required to be blind pressure increase, and energy waste caused by over pressurization is avoided.
The self-powered module is used for storing the electric energy output by the decompression execution module and providing electric energy support for the operation of the device. The self-powered module comprises a rectifying and voltage-reducing unit, a voltage-limiting constant-current unit, a boosting and inverting unit, an alternating-current load unit, an energy storage unit, a direct-current load unit and an electric energy management control unit, wherein the rectifying and voltage-reducing unit is preferably of a phase-shifted full-bridge topological structure, and the boosting and inverting unit is of a push-pull, Boost or full-bridge inverting three-level-connection topological structure.
The input end of a rectification voltage reduction unit of the self-powered module is electrically connected with the hydraulic turbine set, the first output end of the rectification voltage reduction unit is electrically connected with the first input end of a boosting inversion unit, the output end of the boosting inversion unit is electrically connected with the input end of an alternating current load unit, and the second input end of the boosting inversion unit is electrically connected with the first output end of an energy storage unit. The second output end of the rectification voltage reduction unit is electrically connected with the first input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit, the output end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is electrically connected with the input end of the energy storage unit, and the second input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is bidirectionally connected with the output end of the electric energy management control unit. The input end of the electric energy management control unit is electrically connected with the third output end of the energy storage unit, and the second output end of the energy storage unit is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current load unit.
The boost inversion unit of the self-powered module comprises a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the input end of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected with the rectification voltage reduction unit and the energy storage unit respectively, the output end of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected with the input end of the DC/AC converter, and the output end of the DC/AC converter is electrically connected with the alternating current load unit.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure management system of the self-powered water supply pipe network further includes a communication and coordination module. The communication and cooperation module comprises a communication unit and a cooperation unit, wherein the communication unit provides a basic wireless or wired communication function for the whole device, simultaneously records communication target addresses of a superior node and a subordinate node of the communication unit in the water supply network to form a corresponding routing table, sends a data packet or a command to the superior node or the subordinate node according to the calculation requirement of a cooperation algorithm in the self-powered water supply network pressure management method, and realizes further routing when needed, thereby constructing a centerless grid structure of the water supply network pressure management system; and the cooperation unit completes negotiation with other devices according to the cooperation flow of pressure control according to the selected decompression execution mode, and transmits the decompression set value in the negotiation result to the decompression execution controller to execute decompression. The communication unit adopts a wireless communication module or a wired communication module, the wireless communication module can adopt a 5G wireless communication technology, each module realizes P2P communication with other devices through the communication unit electricity, or receives a remote operation command of the control center, and preferably performs data communication with other devices by using an MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol. Aiming at the development and the change of the networking mode and the cooperative flow of the pressure reducing device, the cooperative unit adopts a plug-in mechanism, and can use a remote operation and maintenance module to perform online upgrade and maintenance according to the change of the cooperative flow.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, the self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management system further comprises a human-computer interaction and remote operation and maintenance module, and the human-computer interaction and remote operation and maintenance module comprises a human-computer interaction unit and a remote operation and maintenance unit. The human-computer interaction unit is electrically connected with the output end of each module and used for displaying relevant operation information of the device. The remote operation and maintenance unit receives and executes the operation and maintenance required functional instructions sent by the cloud center platform according to the operation and maintenance requirements of the device, wherein the operation and maintenance required functional instructions comprise program upgrading instructions, configuration instructions, operation statistical data reading instructions and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management system further includes an external power supply module for providing the electric energy stored in the energy storage unit to other devices for use. The device provided by the invention has the advantages of self-generating electricity and storing electric energy, can be used by other equipment, or is merged into an urban distribution network under certain technical conditions, so that a new energy power generation mode is formed.
The invention also provides a self-powered water supply pipe network pressure management method based on the system, which comprises the following steps:
in order to realize the flow-pressure drop modeling of the water supply pipeline, a mode that two sets of networking devices are mutually cooperated is adopted, the device of the superior water supply node receives a real-time (flow and water pressure) data pair transmitted by the device of the inferior water supply node, and a flow-pressure drop model from the device of the superior water supply node to the inferior node is constructed according to the self (flow and water pressure) real-time data to be used as the basis for subsequent pressure regulation and control, so that the problem that the flow-pressure drop dynamic relation cannot be accurately analyzed through a hydraulic modeling analysis method is solved.
Step 1: collaborative acquisition of real-time data:
the lower level water supply node obtains the flow Q (unit: 1/min) per minute of the node, and takes the median of the water pressure data (the sampling frequency can be 1s, 5s and 10s, and is determined according to the water pressure change rate) collected in each minute for recording the flow as a characteristic value p for representing the pressure in the minuteLower nodeForm (Q, p)Lower node) A data pair, which is sent to a superior node;
the superior water supply node acquires the median of the water pressure data (the sampling frequency can be 1s, 5s or 10s, and is determined according to the water pressure change rate) acquired by the node every minute as a pressure characteristic value p for representing the node in the minuteSuperior nodeAnd calculating to obtain the pressure drop value of the water supply branch in the time period:
ppressure drop＝pSuperior node-pLower node
Wherein Q and pPressure dropComposed data pairs (Q, p)Pressure drop) Forming a data set for constructing a flow-pressure drop function;
step 2: establishing an initial flow-pressure drop prediction model:
the flow pressure drop model based on second order polynomial regression is as follows:
pd＝a0+a1q+a2q2
wherein the dependent variable is the pressure drop pdThe independent variable is flow q, and the modeling target is to obtain a model parameter a according to the existing sample data0,a1,a2；
When a system is initially established, n training data are provided, a matrix is defined according to the training data, and the following input is carried out:
an augmentation matrix may then be defined:
Z＝[Q P]n×4
the cross product matrix of the augmented matrix is:
model parameters
Can be expressed as:
based on the obtained model parameters, an initial flow-pressure drop model is established, and the loaded device is used as an initial mode.
And step 3: and (3) performing online iterative updating of the flow pressure drop prediction model:
according to step 1, every hour the superior node can obtain 60 (Q) signals reflecting the flow pressure drop change between the superior node and the subordinate node,pPressure drop) Data, new data may be represented as:
merging original data and new data together and expressing the merged original data and the new data as an augmentation matrix
The corresponding cross product matrix is:
the model parameters after adding new data were:
pd＝a0 *+a1 *q+a2 *q2；
calculation of the new model parameters simply requires calculation of the model parameters consisting of new data
And
and old sample data does not need to be calculated, so that the calculated amount is greatly reduced when the model is updated every time, and the model can be updated on line to reflect the change of the relation between the flow and the pressure drop on the water supply pipeline. The flow-pressure drop modeling and node pressure reduction value calculation of the water supply pipeline under the cooperation of the upper node and the lower node are completed through the networking of the communication and cooperation modules among the multiple sets of devices, and then the pressure reduction regulation and control of each node in the whole networking area are completed.
And 4, step 4: and (3) predicting the water supply flow:
and (2) aiming at the flow data obtained in the step (1), each device installed at the water supply terminal node groups the flow data of the node according to working days, rest days, months, daily peak and valley periods, and totally obtains 48 groups of grouped data, wherein the purpose of grouping is to divide work and rest changes, seasonal changes and the like into multiple phases through data grouping, so that the water consumption characteristics under the single-phase change of weather and work and rest systems can be more prominently reflected by one group of data.
Each group of divided data has approximate normal distribution characteristics, and the average value of water consumption of each group of data is calculated
Standard deviation sigma, determining its data group according to the next hour, and comparing the data group
Sending the prediction result to a superior equipment node as a water demand estimation value in the time period;
the superior node device adds the received flow prediction data of all the subordinate nodes to obtain the water supply flow prediction of the node in the next hour;
and (5) sequentially upwards step by step to obtain the water supply flow prediction of each stage of water supply node.
And 5: determining the water supply pressure:
substituting the water supply flow prediction obtained in the step 4 into the flow pressure drop prediction iterative model obtained in the step 3Calculating a pressure drop p from the upper node to the lower node at the flow ratedTo meet the water supply demand pressure p of the lower nodesOn the premise, the upper node supplies water pressure p to the lower noderCalculated as follows:
pr＝λ(pd+ps)
lambda is an adjusting parameter used for adjusting the required water supply pressure value and setting according to the historical condition of the water supply branch, and the default value is 1;
when the upper node has N lower nodes, the water supply pressure p of the upper node for all the lower nodes is calculated according to the stepsr1,pr2…, the final output pressure at this node is:
the calculation is carried out step by step upwards until the water supply output pressure value of the water supply pressurizing station at the uppermost stage is calculated.
This scheme requires lowly to the installation condition, does not require that installation department has power supply and communication condition, has effectively solved present pressure regulating device high to the installation condition, the unable problem of using on a large scale to obviously promote the pressure regulating ability to water supply network, make extensive, the water supply network pressure management that becomes more meticulous become possible.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The pressure management system for the ad hoc network and the self-powered water supply pipe network is characterized by comprising a plurality of self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices with ad hoc network cooperative regulation and control characteristics, and the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction executing devices realize the pressure optimization regulation and control of the water supply pipe network in a cooperative manner.
2. The ad-hoc network and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 1, wherein said self-powered intelligent reduced pressure performing device comprises a detection module, an analysis module, a reduced pressure performing module, a self-powered module, and an ad-hoc communication and collaboration module;
the detection module is used for acquiring real-time data of operation of the water supply pipe network and installation environment data, wherein the real-time data comprises water pressure, flow and water quality;
the analysis module is used for acquiring and analyzing the data acquired by the detection module, establishing a required analysis model and providing necessary decision data support for water supply pressure calculation;
the pressure reduction execution module is used for controlling the flow pressure of the pipe network and outputting electric energy;
the self-powered module is used for storing the electric energy output by the decompression execution module and providing electric energy support for the operation of the device;
the self-organizing communication and cooperation module is used for realizing P2P peer-to-peer communication networking among a large number of intelligent decompression execution devices in a centerless participation mode.
3. The ad-hoc and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 2, wherein said analysis module comprises a water demand characteristic analysis unit and a flow pressure drop analysis unit;
the water demand characteristic analysis unit is used for carrying out data analysis on the water demand characteristics of the water supply nodes so as to give a water demand prediction close to the actual demand;
the flow pressure drop analysis unit receives real-time flow and water pressure data pairs transmitted by the devices arranged on the lower-level water supply nodes through the mutual cooperation of the two sets of interconnection devices, and constructs a flow pressure drop model from the upper-level node to the lower-level node according to the synchronous real-time flow and water pressure data of the device arranged on the lower-level water supply node, and the flow pressure drop model is used as a basis for pressure regulation and control.
4. The ad-hoc network and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 2, wherein said pressure reduction actuation module comprises a hydraulic turbine set, a hydraulic control assist unit, and a pressure reduction actuation controller;
the hydraulic turbine set is used for converting water pressure into electric energy to realize pressure reduction execution operation of the water pressure;
the water pressure control auxiliary unit is used for performing supplementary pressure regulation when the water pressure is too high and the energy conversion efficiency of the water turbine set cannot achieve the pressure reduction effect;
and the decompression execution controller is used for controlling the decompression execution process according to different decompression execution modes.
5. The ad-hoc network and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 2, wherein the self-powered module comprises a rectifying and voltage-reducing unit, a voltage-limiting constant-current unit, a voltage-boosting inverter unit, an ac load unit, an energy storage unit, a dc load unit and an electric energy management control unit;
the input end of the rectifying and voltage-reducing unit is connected with the hydraulic turbine set, the first output end of the rectifying and voltage-reducing unit is connected with the first input end of the boosting and inverting unit, the output end of the boosting and inverting unit is connected with the input end of the alternating current load unit, and the second input end of the boosting and inverting unit is connected with the first output end of the energy storage unit;
the second output end of the rectification voltage reduction unit is connected with the first input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit, the output end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is connected with the input end of the energy storage unit, the second input end of the voltage-limiting constant current unit is bidirectionally connected with the output end of the electric energy management control unit, the input end of the electric energy management control unit is connected with the third output end of the energy storage unit, and the second output end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input end of the direct current load unit;
the boost inversion unit comprises a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the input end of the DC/DC converter is respectively connected with the rectification voltage reduction unit and the energy storage unit, the output end of the DC/DC converter is connected with the input end of the DC/AC converter, and the output end of the DC/AC converter is connected with the alternating current load unit.
6. The ad-hoc and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 2, wherein said ad-hoc communication and coordination module comprises a communication unit and a coordination unit;
the communication unit provides a basic wireless or wired communication function for the whole device, simultaneously records communication target addresses of a superior node and a subordinate node in the water supply network to form a corresponding routing table, sends a data packet or a command to the superior node or the subordinate node according to the calculation requirement of a cooperative algorithm in the self-powered water supply network pressure management method, and realizes further routing when needed, thereby constructing a centerless grid structure of the water supply network pressure management system;
and the cooperative unit completes negotiation with other devices according to the cooperative flow of pressure control according to the selected decompression execution mode, and transmits the decompression set value in the negotiation result to the decompression execution controller to execute decompression.
7. The ad-hoc network and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 1, wherein the self-powered intelligent pressure reduction actuator further comprises a human-machine interaction and remote operation and maintenance module, the human-machine interaction and remote operation and maintenance module comprising a human-machine interaction unit and a remote operation and maintenance unit;
the human-computer interaction unit is connected with the output end of each module and is used for displaying relevant operation information of the device;
and the remote operation and maintenance unit receives and executes the functional instructions required by the operation and maintenance, which are sent by the cloud center platform, according to the operation and maintenance requirements of the device.
8. The ad-hoc and self-powered water supply network pressure management system of claim 5, wherein the self-powered intelligent pressure relief actuator further comprises an external power module for providing electrical energy stored by the energy storage unit to other devices for use.
9. A method for self-powered water supply network pressure management based on the system of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
step 1: collaborative acquisition of real-time data:
the lower-level water supply node obtains the flow Q per minute of the node, and takes the median value of the water pressure data collected in each minute for recording the flow as a characteristic value p for representing the pressure in the minuteLower nodeForm (Q, p)Lower node) A data pair, which is sent to a superior node;
the superior water supply node acquires the median of the data sent by the node and the subordinate node to the water pressure data in the corresponding minute, and the median is used as a pressure characteristic value p for representing the node in the minuteSuperior nodeAnd calculating to obtain the pressure drop value of the water supply branch in the time period:
ppressure drop＝pSuperior node-pLower node
Q and pPressure dropComposed data pairs (Q, p)Pressure drop) Forming a data set for constructing a flow-pressure drop function;
step 2: establishing an initial flow pressure drop prediction model:
the flow pressure drop model based on second order polynomial regression is as follows:
pd＝a0+a1q+a2q2
wherein the dependent variable is the pressure drop pdThe independent variable is flow q, and the modeling target is to obtain a model parameter a according to the existing sample data0，a1，a2；
When the system is initially set up, there are n training data, a matrix is defined based on the training data, qnFor the flow of the n-th training data, pdnFor the pressure drop of the nth training data, input:
an augmentation matrix may then be defined:
Z＝[Q P]n×4
the cross product matrix of the augmented matrix is:
model parameters
Can be expressed as:
establishing an initial flow pressure drop model based on the obtained model parameters, and using a loading device as the initial model;
and step 3: and (3) performing online iterative updating of the flow pressure drop prediction model:
according to step 1, every hour the superior node can obtain 60 (Q, p) signals reflecting the flow pressure drop change between the superior node and the subordinate nodePressure drop) Data, new data may be represented as:
wherein q is1 *，q2 *…q60 *For a new flow rate per minute in one hour,
wherein p isd1 *，pd2 *…pd60 *The pressure difference between the upper node and the lower node is new one hour per minute;
merging the original data and the new data together by using an augmentation matrix is represented as:
the corresponding cross product matrix is:
the model parameters after adding new data were:
pd＝a0 *+a1 *q+a2 *q2；
and 4, step 4: and (3) predicting the water supply flow:
each device installed at the water supply terminal node groups the flow data of the node according to the flow data obtained in the step 1 and working days, rest days, months, daily peak and valley periods to obtain 48 groups of data;
each group of divided data has approximate normal distribution characteristics, and the average value of water consumption of each group of data is calculated
Standard deviation sigma, determining its data group according to the next hour, and comparing the data group
Sending the prediction result to a superior equipment node as a water demand estimation value in the time period;
the superior node device adds the received flow prediction data of all the subordinate nodes to obtain the water supply flow prediction of the node in the next hour;
gradually moving upwards in this way to obtain the water supply flow prediction of each stage of water supply node;
and 5: determining the water supply pressure:
substituting the water supply flow prediction obtained in the step 4 into the flow pressure drop prediction iterative model obtained in the step 3, and calculating to obtain the pressure drop p from the upper node to the lower node under the flowdTo meet the water supply demand pressure p of the lower nodesOn the premise, the upper node supplies water pressure p to the lower noderCalculated as follows:
pr＝λ(pd+ps)
lambda is an adjusting parameter used for adjusting the required water supply pressure value and setting according to the historical condition of the water supply branch, and the default value is 1;
when the higher levelThe node has N subordinate nodes, and the water supply pressure p of the node for all the subordinate nodes is calculated according to the stepsr1，pr2…, the final output pressure at this node is:
the calculation is carried out step by step upwards until the water supply output pressure value of the water supply pressurizing station at the uppermost stage is calculated.
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