CN114133092A - Recovery process of heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage - Google Patents
Recovery process of heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage, which relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps: the sewage is led into a treatment tank containing a heavy metal adsorbent for multistage sedimentation, then the sediment at the bottom of the treatment tank is dried and ground into powder, the powder is sent into a recovery tank of a high-voltage power supply through an air blower, sedimentation in different areas can occur under an electric field, and accordingly recovery of heavy metal ions in the sewage is achieved. According to the invention, sewage is led into a treatment tank containing a heavy metal adsorbent for multistage sedimentation, then sediments at the bottom of the treatment tank are dried and ground into powder, the powder is sent into a recovery tank of a high-voltage power supply through an air blower, and the sedimentation in different areas is generated by utilizing the movement of charged substances and uncharged substances with different tracks under an electric field, so that the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbing heavy metals in the sediments can be separated from other impurities, and the purpose of heavy metal recovery is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery has the characteristics of no consumption of earth resources, the advantage is applied to various industries, and the market demand of the lead-acid storage battery is continuously increased. However, lead-acid batteries also cause certain environmental pollution while being developed in a large scale, so that higher requirements are put forward for pollution prevention in the lead-acid battery industry. A large amount of production sewage is formed in lead-acid storage battery production enterprises, and the main component of pollutants in the sewage is lead. Lead is used as a pollutant and has carcinogenic effect on a plurality of tissue systems of a human body, and the sewage is directly discharged outside to seriously damage the surrounding ecological environment.
At present, the treatment methods of domestic and foreign lead-acid wastewater mainly comprise three types, namely, lead ions are removed by a method of chemical reaction, such as a precipitation method, an electrolysis method and the like; secondly, the adsorption, concentration and separation are carried out under the condition of not changing the chemical form of the product, such as an adsorption method, an ion exchange method, a membrane separation method and the like; and thirdly, the absorption, accumulation and enrichment are carried out by microorganisms, such as a biological method and the like. The precipitation method has the advantages of simple equipment and convenient operation, and has the defect of being not suitable for low-concentration wastewater; the electrolysis method has the advantages of no secondary pollution, realization of lead recycling and high energy consumption and cost; the adsorption method has the advantages of wide raw material source and difficult recovery; the ion exchange method has the advantages of small occupied area, convenient management, no secondary pollution and lead recovery, and has the disadvantages of long reaction period and high operating cost; the membrane separation method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, high efficiency and energy conservation, and has the defects of high cost and easy pollution and damage of the membrane; the biological method has the advantages of low construction and maintenance cost and the defects of large occupied area, unstable treatment efficiency and great influence by seasonal variation. In the lead-acid wastewater treatment methods mainly used at present, the adsorption method is a treatment method which is simple and easy to operate and has low cost, is widely applicable to medium and small enterprises, but becomes the biggest obstacle limiting the popularization and application of the method due to the technical defect of difficult recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage comprises the following specific process steps:
the sewage is led into a treatment tank containing a heavy metal adsorbent for multistage sedimentation, then the sediment at the bottom of the treatment tank is dried and ground into powder, the powder is sent into a recovery tank of a high-voltage power supply through an air blower, sedimentation in different areas can occur under an electric field, and accordingly recovery of heavy metal ions in the sewage is achieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the sewage is treated by removing large particulate matters and floating oil before being introduced into the treatment tank.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the content of the heavy metal adsorbent in the treatment tank is 2-10 g/L.
Furthermore, the sewage is guided into an oil separation sedimentation tank which adopts a advection structure, and large granular substances in the sewage and oil stains floating on the water surface are removed.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the time of the multistage sedimentation is 5-15 min.
Furthermore, in the sedimentation process, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 30-80 r/min.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the powder is 120-150 μm.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the flow rate of the blower is 0.5-1.3 m/s.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 60-80kV, and the current is 20-25 mA.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, two high-voltage power supplies are adopted in the recovery tank.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage power supply comprises an electrode and a polar plate, the polar line length is 420-460mm, the heteropolar distance is 55-60mm, and the polar plate is an industrial BE plate.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent is as follows:
the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber is used as a matrix, nano silicon dioxide is used as an additive to obtain the composite carbon nanofiber, and the composite carbon nanofiber is treated by an acidic high-temperature potassium solution and introduced into activated carbon to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent specifically includes the following steps:
1) ultrasonically dispersing nano silicon dioxide in N-N dimethyl amide, adding polyacrylonitrile, rapidly stirring at a constant temperature, performing electrostatic spinning, pre-oxidizing the obtained composite fiber precursor, and performing carbonization treatment to obtain a composite carbon nanofiber;
2) mixing the composite carbon nanofiber with a potassium permanganate solution, adjusting the pH value with dilute nitric acid, stirring under a constant temperature condition, drying, washing to be neutral, and drying to obtain a heavy metal adsorption fiber;
3) adding activated carbon powder and heavy metal adsorption fibers into a container, adding deionized water, performing mechanical stirring and ultrasonic treatment, performing suction filtration on the mixture, and drying to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide to the N-N dimethyl amide is 2-5: 160-200.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide to the polyacrylonitrile is 2-5: 10-40.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the power of the ultrasonic dispersion is 200-300W, and the dispersion time is 30-40 min.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature of the constant temperature condition is 60-70 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the rotation speed of the rapid stirring is 800-.
Furthermore, in the step 1), in the electrostatic spinning, the distance between the needle point and the receiving plate is 15-20cm, the voltage is 15-18kV, and the flow velocity is stabilized at 0.5-0.8 mm/min.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the pre-oxidation is carried out in an air atmosphere at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 2-3 h.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the carbonization treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 700-900 ℃ for 30-50 min.
Furthermore, in the step 2), the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.3-0.6 mol/L.
Furthermore, in the step 2), the ratio of the composite carbon nanofiber to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:10-20 g/mL.
Further, in the step 2), the pH value is 2.0-2.5.
Further, in the step 2), the temperature of the constant temperature condition is 60-65 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 2), the stirring speed is 150-230r/min, and the stirring time is 4-6 h.
Further, in the step 2), the washing with deionized water is repeated.
Furthermore, in the step 2), the drying temperature is the same as the drying temperature, and is 80-90 ℃.
Further, in the step 3), the particle size of the activated carbon powder is 80-100 μm.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the heavy metal adsorption fiber is 3-5: 1.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the addition amount of the deionized water is 8-12 times of the total weight of the activated carbon powder and the heavy metal adsorption fiber.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the rotation speed of the mechanical stirring is 600-.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 400-.
Furthermore, in the step 3), the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the invention, nano-silica is added into polyacrylonitrile fiber by adopting an electrostatic spinning method, the 'cluster' and 'joint' structures of the nano-silica appear on the surface of the composite carbon nanofiber through pre-oxidation and carbonization treatment, the composite carbon nanofiber has charges due to the charges of the nano-silica, then a layer of uniform amorphous manganese dioxide particles is successfully loaded on the surface of the composite carbon nanofiber after the treatment of an acid high-temperature potassium solution, so as to form heavy metal adsorption fibers, various heavy metals in sewage can be removed by utilizing the adsorption effect of the manganese dioxide particles, finally, the formed heavy metal adsorption fibers are introduced into active carbon by utilizing the active carbon as a carrier, the heavy metal adsorption fibers are mutually overlapped in pores of the active carbon to form a net structure, the function of limiting the migration of the heavy metal ions is realized, so that the adsorbed heavy metal ions are not easy to run off in the pores of the active carbon, thereby improving the stability of the heavy metal ions in the heavy metal adsorbent.
According to the invention, the movement locus of the charged substances can be deviated under the action of an electric field, sewage is led into a treatment tank containing a heavy metal adsorbent to be subjected to multistage sedimentation, various heavy metals in the sewage are adsorbed into the heavy metal adsorbent and are limited in the pores of the heavy metal adsorbent, then sediments at the bottom of the tank are dried and ground into powder, the powder is sent into a recovery tank of a high-voltage power supply through an air blower, and the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbed with the heavy metals is charged, while other deposited impurities do not contain charges, and the heavy metal adsorbent and the other deposited impurities can move in different loci under the electric field to generate sedimentation in different areas, so that the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbed with the heavy metals in the sediments can be separated from other impurities, and the purpose of recovering the heavy metals is achieved.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent selected by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 2.0g of nano silicon dioxide, dispersing in 160g of N-N dimethyl amide, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min at 200W to obtain a dispersion solution, then adding 10g of polyacrylonitrile into the dispersion solution, rapidly stirring at 60 ℃ for 20h at 800r/min, then preparing a composite fiber precursor through electrostatic spinning, wherein the distance between an electrostatic spinning needle point and a receiving plate is 15cm, the voltage is 15kV, the flow rate is stable to 0.5mm/min, keeping the obtained composite fiber precursor at 280 ℃ for 2h in an air atmosphere, and then carbonizing at 700 ℃ for 30min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a composite carbon nanofiber;
2) mixing the composite carbon nanofiber with a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L according to the proportion of 1:10g/mL, adjusting the pH of the solution to 2.0 by using dilute nitric acid, continuously stirring for 4 hours at the constant temperature of 60 ℃ at 150r/min, then completely drying in an oven at 80 ℃, repeatedly washing with deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and completely drying in the oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the heavy metal adsorption fiber;
3) adding activated carbon powder and heavy metal adsorption fibers into a container according to the mass ratio of 3:1, adding deionized water which is 8 times of the total weight of the activated carbon powder and the heavy metal adsorption fibers, mechanically stirring for 1h at 600r/min, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min at 400W, after uniformly mixing, carrying out suction filtration on the mixture, and then putting the mixture into an oven at 80 ℃ for complete drying to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent.
Example 1
A process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage comprises the following specific process steps:
the method comprises the steps of introducing sewage generated in the production of the lead-acid storage battery into an oil separation sedimentation tank, wherein the oil separation sedimentation tank adopts a advection structure, removing large granular substances in the sewage and oil stains floating on the water surface, then introducing the treated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 2g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 5min, stirring for 30r/min in the sedimentation process, and fully contacting heavy metal in the sewage with the heavy metal adsorbent through stirring, so that the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal adsorbent on the heavy metal in the sewage is accelerated;
taking out and drying the sediment at the bottom of the treatment tank, grinding the sediment into powder with the granularity of 120 mu m, sending the powder into a recovery tank provided with a high-voltage power supply through an air blower with the flow of 0.5m/s, wherein the high-voltage power supply comprises two high-voltage power supplies, the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 60kV, the current of the high-voltage power supply is 20mA, the length of a polar line in the high-voltage power supply is 420mm, the distance between different poles is 55mm, and the polar plate adopts an industrial BE plate.
In actual use, the settling time and the number of treatment tanks can be determined according to the content of heavy metals in the sewage, and in the embodiment, secondary settling is adopted, and the settling time is 5 min.
Test experiments
1. Configuration of simulated sewage
The simulated sewage containing Pb in the test is prepared by dissolving lead nitrate in deionized water, and has the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 6.0.
2. Removal rate of heavy metal lead
Directly introducing the simulated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 2g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 0.2h, stirring for 30r/min in the sedimentation process, taking 50mL of treated sewage by using a beaker, filtering out clear liquid without the heavy metal adsorbent, testing for three times, measuring the concentration of metal lead ions of the clear liquid, and calculating the removal rate, wherein the removal rate is = (M)1-M2）/M1X 100% where M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the concentration of metallic lead ions in the clear liquid is 0.04mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.92%.
3. Recovery rate of heavy metal lead
Taking out the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, drying, grinding into powder with particle size of 120 μm, sending the powder to a recovery tank equipped with high voltage power supply via blower with flow rate of 0.5m/s, wherein the high voltage power supply comprises two high voltage power supplies with voltage of 60kV and current of 20mA, the polar line length of the high voltage power supply is 420mm, the heteropolar distance is 55mm, the polar plate is industrial BE plate, recovering heavy metal adsorbent with heavy metal adsorbed in the precipitate, determining weight change before and after the heavy metal adsorbent, and calculating to recover heavy metal adsorbentRate, recovery = S1/（S+M1-M2) X 100% where S1For the recovered heavy metal adsorbent, S is the heavy metal adsorbent charged in the treatment tank, M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the recovery rate of heavy metal lead reaches 95.5%.
Example 2
A process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage comprises the following specific process steps:
the method comprises the steps of introducing sewage generated in the production of the lead-acid storage battery into an oil separation sedimentation tank, wherein the oil separation sedimentation tank adopts a advection structure, large granular substances in the sewage and oil stains floating on the water surface are removed, then introducing the treated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 5g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 8min, stirring for 50r/min in the sedimentation process, and fully contacting heavy metal in the sewage with the heavy metal adsorbent through stirring, so that the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal adsorbent on the heavy metal in the sewage is accelerated;
taking out and drying the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, grinding the precipitate into powder with the granularity of 130 mu m, sending the powder into a recovery tank provided with a high-voltage power supply through an air blower with the flow of 0.8m/s, wherein the high-voltage power supply comprises two high-voltage power supplies, the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 65kV, the current of the high-voltage power supply is 20mA, the length of a polar line in the high-voltage power supply is 430mm, the heteropolar distance is 56mm, the polar plate adopts an industrial BE plate, and the charged substance and the uncharged substance can move in different tracks under an electric field to generate the sedimentation in different areas, so that the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbed with heavy metal in the precipitate can BE distinguished from other impurities, and the purpose of recovering the heavy metal is achieved.
In actual use, the settling time and the number of treatment tanks can be determined according to the content of heavy metals in the sewage, and in the embodiment, secondary settling is adopted, and the settling time is 8 min.
Test experiments
1. Configuration of simulated sewage
The simulated sewage containing Pb in the test is prepared by dissolving lead nitrate in deionized water, and has the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 6.0.
2. Removal rate of heavy metal lead
Directly introducing the simulated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 5g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 0.5h, stirring at 50r/min in the sedimentation process, taking 50mL of treated sewage by using a beaker, filtering out clear liquid without the heavy metal adsorbent, testing for three times, measuring the concentration of metal lead ions of the clear liquid, and calculating the removal rate, wherein the removal rate is = (M)1-M2）/M1X 100% where M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the concentration of metallic lead ions in the clear liquid is 0.03mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.94%.
3. Recovery rate of heavy metal lead
Taking out the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, drying, grinding into powder with particle size of 130 μm, sending the powder to a recovery tank equipped with high voltage power supply via blower with flow rate of 0.8m/S, wherein the high voltage power supply comprises two high voltage power supplies with voltage of 65kV and current of 20mA, the polar line length of the high voltage power supply is 430mm, the heteropolar distance is 56mm, the polar plate is industrial BE plate, recovering heavy metal adsorbent adsorbing heavy metal in the precipitate, measuring weight change before and after the heavy metal adsorbent, calculating recovery rate, and recovery rate = S1/（S+M1-M2) X 100% where S1For the recovered heavy metal adsorbent, S is the heavy metal adsorbent charged in the treatment tank, M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the recovery rate of heavy metal lead reaches 96.1%.
Example 3
A process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage comprises the following specific process steps:
the method comprises the steps of introducing sewage generated in the production of the lead-acid storage battery into an oil separation sedimentation tank, wherein the oil separation sedimentation tank adopts a advection structure, large granular substances in the sewage and oil stains floating on the water surface are removed, then introducing the treated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 8g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 10min, stirring for 60r/min in the sedimentation process, and fully contacting heavy metal in the sewage with the heavy metal adsorbent through stirring, so that the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal adsorbent on the heavy metal in the sewage is accelerated;
taking out and drying the sediment at the bottom of the treatment tank, grinding the sediment into powder with the granularity of 140 mu m, sending the powder into a recovery tank provided with a high-voltage power supply through an air blower with the flow of 1.0m/s, wherein the high-voltage power supply comprises two high-voltage power supplies, the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 70kV, the current of the high-voltage power supply is 25mA, the length of a polar line in the high-voltage power supply is 450mm, the distance between different poles is 60mm, and the polar plate adopts an industrial BE plate.
In actual use, the settling time and the number of treatment tanks can be determined according to the content of heavy metals in the sewage, and in the embodiment, secondary settling is adopted, and the settling time is 10 min.
Test experiments
1. Configuration of simulated sewage
The simulated sewage containing Pb in the test is prepared by dissolving lead nitrate in deionized water, and has the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 6.0.
2. Removal rate of heavy metal lead
Directly introducing the simulated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 8g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 0.8h, stirring for 60r/min in the sedimentation process, taking 50mL of treated sewage by using a beaker, filtering out clear liquid without the heavy metal adsorbent, testing for three times, and determining the metal of the treated sewageLead ion concentration was calculated as removal rate = (M)1-M2）/M1X 100% where M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the concentration of metallic lead ions in the clear liquid is 0.02mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.96%.
3. Recovery rate of heavy metal lead
Taking out the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, drying, grinding into powder with particle size of 140 μm, sending the powder to a recovery tank equipped with high voltage power supply via blower with flow rate of 1.0m/S, wherein the high voltage power supply comprises two high voltage power supplies with voltage of 70kV and current of 25mA, the polar line length of the high voltage power supply is 450mm, the heteropolar distance is 60mm, the polar plate is industrial BE plate, recovering heavy metal adsorbent adsorbing heavy metal in the precipitate, measuring weight change before and after the heavy metal adsorbent, calculating recovery rate, and recovery rate = S1/（S+M1-M2) X 100% where S1For the recovered heavy metal adsorbent, S is the heavy metal adsorbent charged in the treatment tank, M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the recovery rate of heavy metal lead reaches 96.7%.
Example 4
A process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage comprises the following specific process steps:
the method comprises the steps of introducing sewage generated in the production of the lead-acid storage battery into an oil separation sedimentation tank, wherein the oil separation sedimentation tank adopts a advection structure, removing large granular substances in the sewage and oil stains floating on the water surface, then introducing the treated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 10g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 15min, stirring for 80r/min in the sedimentation process, and fully contacting heavy metal in the sewage with the heavy metal adsorbent through stirring, so that the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal adsorbent on the heavy metal in the sewage is accelerated;
taking out and drying the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, grinding the precipitate into powder with the granularity of 150 mu m, sending the powder into a recovery tank provided with a high-voltage power supply through an air blower with the flow of 1.3m/s, wherein the high-voltage power supply comprises two high-voltage power supplies, the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 80kV, the current of the high-voltage power supply is 25mA, the length of a polar line in the high-voltage power supply is 460mm, the heteropolar distance is 60mm, the polar plate adopts an industrial BE plate, and the charged substance and the uncharged substance can move in different tracks under an electric field to generate the sedimentation in different areas, so that the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbed with heavy metal in the precipitate can BE distinguished from other impurities, and the purpose of recovering the heavy metal is achieved.
In actual use, the settling time and the number of treatment tanks can be determined according to the content of heavy metals in the sewage, and in the embodiment, secondary settling is adopted, and the settling time is 15 min.
Test experiments
1. Configuration of simulated sewage
The simulated sewage containing Pb in the test is prepared by dissolving lead nitrate in deionized water, and has the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 6.0.
2. Removal rate of heavy metal lead
Directly introducing the simulated sewage into a treatment tank, adding a heavy metal adsorbent into the treatment tank for sedimentation, controlling the content of the heavy metal adsorbent to be 10g/L, controlling the sedimentation time to be 1h, stirring at 80r/min in the sedimentation process, taking 50mL of treated sewage by using a beaker, filtering out clear liquid without the heavy metal adsorbent, testing for three times, measuring the concentration of metal lead ions of the clear liquid, and calculating the removal rate, wherein the removal rate is = (M)1-M2）/M1X 100% where M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the concentration of metallic lead ions in the clear liquid is 0.03mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.94%.
3. Recovery rate of heavy metal lead
Taking out the precipitate at the bottom of the treatment tank, oven drying, grinding into 150 μm powder, and feeding the powder to a return pipe equipped with high voltage power supply via an air blower with flow rate of 1.3m/sIn the collecting tank, two high-voltage power supplies are adopted, the voltage of the high-voltage power supplies is 80kV, the current of the high-voltage power supplies is 25mA, the polar line length of the high-voltage power supplies is 460mm, the heteropolar distance is 60mm, the polar plate is an industrial BE plate, the heavy metal adsorbent adsorbing heavy metals in the precipitate is recovered, the weight change before and after the heavy metal adsorbent is measured, the recovery rate is calculated, and the recovery rate = S1/（S+M1-M2) X 100% where S1For the recovered heavy metal adsorbent, S is the heavy metal adsorbent charged in the treatment tank, M1To simulate the concentration of lead ions in the wastewater, M2The concentration of lead ions in the clear solution.
Through determination, the recovery rate of heavy metal lead reaches 96.3%.
Note: in the experiment, the mass of the heavy metal Pb adsorbed by the heavy metal adsorbent of the default unit mass is the same, so the experimental data provided by the experiment is the result provided for verifying the experimental effect.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A recovery process of heavy metal ions in lead-acid storage battery sewage is characterized by comprising the following specific process steps:
the sewage is led into a treatment tank containing a heavy metal adsorbent for multistage sedimentation, then the sediment at the bottom of the treatment tank is dried and ground into powder, the powder is sent into a recovery tank of a high-voltage power supply through an air blower, sedimentation in different areas can occur under an electric field, and accordingly recovery of heavy metal ions in the sewage is achieved.
2. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the heavy metal adsorbent in the treatment tank is 2-10 g/L.
3. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage according to claim 1, wherein the multistage settling time is 5-15 min.
4. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the powder is 120-150 μm.
5. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the blower is 0.5-1.3 m/s.
6. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 60-80kV, and the current is 20-25 mA.
7. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent is as follows:
the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber is used as a matrix, nano silicon dioxide is used as an additive to obtain the composite carbon nanofiber, and the composite carbon nanofiber is treated by an acidic high-temperature potassium solution and introduced into activated carbon to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent.
8. The process for recovering heavy metal ions in lead-acid battery wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wastewater is subjected to removal of large particulate matters and floating oil before being introduced into the treatment tank.
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