CN114131011B - Metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114131011B CN114131011B CN202111448234.9A CN202111448234A CN114131011B CN 114131011 B CN114131011 B CN 114131011B CN 202111448234 A CN202111448234 A CN 202111448234A CN 114131011 B CN114131011 B CN 114131011B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/002—Manufacture of articles essentially made from metallic fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing metal fibers with the diameter not more than 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method; secondly, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the metal fibers, and then shearing the metal fibers into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio not more than 10; thirdly, paving and forming short fibers, and sintering at high temperature to obtain a metal fiber sintered felt; and fourthly, stacking and connecting the metal fiber sintered felt at an angle of 90 degrees between the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction to prepare the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material. According to the invention, the metal fiber sintered felt arranged in the in-plane direction and the sintered felt arranged in the thickness direction are combined by controlling the stacking mode of the metal fiber sintered felt, so that the metal fiber porous energy absorption material has the characteristics of low density, high energy absorption, small platform stress fluctuation and high reliability, and the requirements of the fields of aviation, aerospace, transportation, weaponry and the like on the impact protection material are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal porous material preparation, and particularly relates to a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the demand of impact protection materials in the fields of aviation, aerospace, transportation and the like is increasing day by day, and packages closely related to our lives also need to be packaged with the protection materials to prevent damage in the transportation process. Polymeric foam is the most common protective material, however, its absorption of impact energy in harsh environments has not been satisfactory for use. The metal fiber porous material is a very important structure function integrated material, has excellent energy absorption performance, and has wide application prospect in the field of impact protection.
Foreign, Volvo, Goldberg, Sweden, was the first unit to develop porous protective materials for metal fibers, using two thin stainless steel plates (0.2 mm thick) with an epoxy resin bonding wire diameter in between
Stainless steel fiber, a light stainless steel plate with a sandwich structure, which is lighter and more rigid than aluminum, is developed. Tests prove that the material absorbs 50-60% more energy than dense metal, but the core part of the material is of a single-hole structure. UK Cambridge university and American Massachusetts institute of technology, respectivelyThe sandwich panels were prepared by bonding and brazing, but their energy absorption properties were not tested. In China, the northwest nonferrous metal institute prepares the metal fiber porous material with a single pore structure by adopting a vacuum sintering method, and the highest energy absorption performance of the metal fiber porous material is only 20MJ/m 3 And the material rigidity is lower, the stress-strain curve is zigzag, the energy absorption effect is unstable, and the practical application requirements cannot be met.
In particular, the platform region of the metal fiber porous material is unstable during the compression process, and the phenomenon of rapid stress reduction often occurs after the initial stress peak value, so that the stress fluctuation of the platform region is too large, which is not beneficial to keeping the maximum acting force acting on the packaging object below the damage threshold value, and is also not beneficial to practical engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the metal fiber sintered felt is laminated according to the in-plane and out-of-plane directions at 90 degrees to prepare the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material, so that the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material has the characteristics of low density, high energy absorption, small platform stress fluctuation and high reliability, the protection and stabilization effect is greatly improved, and the problem that the existing metal fiber porous material is unstable in energy absorption is solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing metal fibers with the diameter not more than 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the metal fibers prepared in the step one, and then shearing the metal fibers into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio not more than 10;
thirdly, paving the short fibers obtained in the second step into a shape to prepare a metal fiber felt, and then sintering at high temperature to prepare the metal fiber sintered felt;
and step four, overlapping the metal fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the angle of 90 degrees between the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction, and then connecting to prepare the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material.
The invention laminates the metal fiber sintered felt made by paving and sintering short fiber according to the 90 degrees of the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, then connects and prepares the metal fiber porous energy absorbing material, because the metal fiber porous material has anisotropic mechanical property, has a stress platform in the in-plane direction, but the platform is unstable, the fluctuation is larger, but has no stress platform in the thickness direction, but is smoother, the stress fluctuation is small, the invention combines the metal fiber sintered felt arranged in the in-plane direction and the sintered felt arranged in the thickness direction by controlling the laminating mode of the metal fiber sintered felt, and connects the two and simultaneously adjusts the respective porosity to obtain the compression energy absorbing material with a certain stress platform and no obvious stress fluctuation, therefore, the metal fiber porous energy absorbing material has low density, high energy absorption, small platform stress fluctuation, The reliability is high, and the protection stability effect is greatly improved.
The preparation method of the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized in that in the step one, the metal fiber is titanium alloy fiber, stainless steel fiber or copper alloy fiber. More preferably titanium alloy fibers. The metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared from the metal fibers has the excellent comprehensive properties of low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, no magnetism, weldability and the like, and meets the application requirements in the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear industry, weapons, oceans, petroleum, chemical industry and the like.
The preparation method of the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized in that the porosity of the metal fiber sintered felt in the third step is 50-65%. The metal fiber sintered felt with the optimal porosity directly obtains the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material after being stacked and bonded, so that the metal fiber sintered felt ensures that the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material has higher energy absorption performance, and avoids the problems that the energy absorption effect is reduced and the protection effect cannot be achieved due to too low or too high porosity.
The preparation method of the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized in that the porosity of the metal fiber sintered felt in the in-plane direction is different from that in the out-of-plane direction in the fourth step. According to the invention, the characteristics of the stress platform area of the compressive stress-strain curve are effectively regulated and controlled by controlling the different porosity of the metal fiber sintered felt in the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction of the laminated metal fiber sintered felt, so that the fluctuation condition of the compressive stress-strain curve in the stress platform area is improved, the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material has a smooth and flat stress platform area, and the high-efficiency absorption of impact energy is realized.
The preparation method of the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized in that the connection method in the fourth step is heat treatment or bonding. The preferred connection mode not only realizes the combination of the metal fiber sintered felt which is overlapped in the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction, ensures the molding of the metal fiber porous energy absorption material, but also is beneficial to adjusting the porosity of the metal fiber sintered felt in different directions.
In addition, the invention also provides a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the metal fiber sintered felt is laminated according to the in-plane and out-of-plane directions at an angle of 90 degrees, so that the metal fiber sintered felt arranged in the in-plane direction and the sintered felt arranged in the thickness direction are combined to obtain the compression energy absorption material with a certain stress platform and without obvious stress fluctuation, therefore, the metal fiber porous energy absorption material has the characteristics of low density, high energy absorption, small platform stress fluctuation and high reliability, and the protection and stabilization effects are greatly improved.
2. The metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent energy-absorbing characteristic, and meets the important requirements of the fields of aviation, aerospace, transportation, weaponry and the like on impact protection materials.
3. The method controls the energy absorption effect of the metal fiber porous energy absorption material by controlling the stacking direction, is simple and easy to realize, and improves the designability of the material.
4. The metal fiber porous energy absorption material prepared by the invention has a smooth compressive stress-strain curve, the peak stress is greater than 45MPa, the difference value between the peak stress and the trough stress is not more than 7MPa, the length of a platform region exceeds 30 percent, and no obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon occurs, so that the energy absorption effect of the material is stable and reliable.
5. The raw materials adopted by the invention have low cost and simple preparation process, and the energy absorption effect of the metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is regulated and controlled according to the application environment as required, so that the mass production is easy.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a physical diagram of a porous energy-absorbing TC4 fiber material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 1b is a physical representation of a TC4 fibrous porous energy-absorbing material prepared according to comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 1c is a physical representation of a TC4 fibrous porous energy-absorbing material prepared according to comparative example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a compressive stress-strain curve of TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing materials prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 fiber with the diameter of 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the TC4 fiber into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 metal fiber felt, and then placing the metal fiber felt in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felt with porosity of 56%;
and step four, overlapping the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction at 90 degrees, and connecting by adopting heat treatment to prepare the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material, as shown in figure 1 a.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 fiber with the diameter of 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the TC4 fiber into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 fiber felts, and then placing the TC4 fiber felts in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felts with porosity of 56%;
step four, cutting the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three along the in-plane direction to prepare the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material, as shown in figure 1 b.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 metal fiber with the diameter of 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 metal fibers prepared in the step one, and then shearing the metal fibers into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 fiber felts, and then placing the TC4 fiber felts in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felts with porosity of 56%;
step four, cutting the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three along the out-of-plane direction to prepare the TC4 fiber porous energy absorbing material, as shown in figure 1 c.
Fig. 2 is a compressive stress-strain curve of the TC4 fibrous porous energy absorbing material prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the TC4 fibrous porous energy absorbing material prepared in example 1 has an obvious stress platform region with impact protection capability, and the stress platform region is relatively smooth, and has small stress fluctuation, a peak stress of 50.5MPa, a difference between the peak stress and a trough stress of 1.7MPa, and a strain length of the platform region of 33%, so that the actual protection capability is easily determined, and the engineering designability is good; although the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the comparative example 1 has a platform area, the stress fluctuation is large, and the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the comparative example 1 does not have a stress platform area when being compressed and does not have impact protection capability, which shows that the compression energy-absorbing material with a certain stress platform and without obvious stress fluctuation is obtained by laminating and combining the TC4 fiber sintered felt arranged in the in-plane direction and the TC4 fiber sintered felt arranged in the thickness direction, and the energy-absorbing protection performance of the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material is improved.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing 316L stainless steel fiber with the diameter of 100 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the 316L stainless steel fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the 316L stainless steel fiber into short fiber with the length-diameter ratio of 5;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare a 316L stainless steel fiber felt, and then placing the felt in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1100 ℃ to prepare the 316L stainless steel fiber sintered felt with the porosity of 50%;
and step four, overlapping the 316L stainless steel fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to an in-plane direction and an out-of-plane direction which form an angle of 90 degrees, and then bonding to prepare the 316L stainless steel fiber porous energy absorbing material.
Through detection, in a compressive stress-strain curve of the 316L stainless steel fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment, the peak stress of the platform region is 65MPa, the difference between the peak stress and the trough stress is 2MPa, and the strain length of the platform region is 36%.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing Cu fibers with the diameter of 50 microns by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the Cu fibers prepared in the step one, and then shearing the Cu fibers into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving the short fibers obtained in the second step into a shape to prepare a Cu fiber felt, and then placing the Cu fiber felt into a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1000 ℃ to prepare the Cu fiber sintered felt with the porosity of 65%;
and step four, overlapping the Cu fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the condition that the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane direction form 90 degrees, and then bonding to prepare the Cu fiber porous energy-absorbing material.
Through detection, in a compressive stress strain curve of the Cu fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment, the peak stress of the platform region is 45MPa, the difference between the peak stress and the trough stress is 2MPa, and the strain length of the platform region is 35%.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 fiber with the diameter of 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the TC4 fiber into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 fiber felts, and then placing the TC4 fiber felts in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felts with porosity of 56% and 65%;
and step four, overlapping the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the condition that the in-plane (porosity is 56%) and the out-of-plane (porosity is 65%) are 90 degrees, and then bonding to prepare the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material.
Through detection, in a compressive stress strain curve of the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment, the peak stress of the platform region is 48MPa, the difference between the peak stress and the trough stress is 2MPa, and the strain length of the platform region is 33%.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 fiber with the diameter of 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the TC4 fiber into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 metal fiber felts, and then placing the metal fiber felts in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felts with porosity of 50% and 60%;
and step four, overlapping the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the condition that the in-plane (porosity is 50%) and the out-of-plane (porosity is 60%) directions form 90 degrees, and then bonding to prepare the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material.
Through detection, in a compressive stress strain curve of the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment, the peak stress of the platform region is 60MPa, the difference between the peak stress and the trough stress is 1MPa, and the strain length of the platform region is 34%.
Example 6
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing TC4 fiber with the diameter of 100 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the TC4 fiber prepared in the step one, and then shearing the TC4 fiber into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio of 10;
thirdly, paving and shaping the short fibers obtained in the second step to prepare TC4 metal fiber felts, and then placing the metal fiber felts in a vacuum sintering furnace to perform high-temperature sintering for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ to prepare TC4 fiber sintered felts with porosity of 50% and 60%;
and step four, overlapping the TC4 fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to the direction that the in-plane (porosity is 60%) and the out-of-plane (porosity is 50%) form 90 degrees, and then bonding to prepare the TC4 metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material.
Through detection, in a compressive stress strain curve of the TC4 fiber porous energy-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment, the peak stress of the platform region is 47MPa, the difference between the peak stress and the trough stress is 1MPa, and the strain length of the platform region is 35%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a metal fiber porous energy-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing metal fibers with the diameter not more than 200 mu m by adopting a cutting method;
step two, sequentially carrying out acid washing, acetone washing and deionized water ultrasonic washing on the metal fibers prepared in the step one, and then shearing the metal fibers into short fibers with the length-diameter ratio not more than 10;
thirdly, paving the short fibers obtained in the second step into a shape to prepare a metal fiber felt, and then sintering at high temperature to prepare the metal fiber sintered felt; the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃ or 1200 ℃, and the time is 2 h;
and step four, overlapping the metal fiber sintered felt prepared in the step three according to an in-plane direction and an in-plane direction at an angle of 90 degrees, and then connecting to prepare the metal fiber porous energy absorbing material.
2. The method for preparing a metal fiber porous energy absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the metal fiber is a titanium alloy fiber, a stainless steel fiber or a copper alloy fiber.
3. The preparation method of the metal fiber porous energy absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the metal fiber sintered felt in the third step is 50-65%.
4. The method for preparing a metal fiber porous energy absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the joining method in step four is heat treatment or bonding.
5. A metal fiber porous energy absorbing material prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0500740A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1992-09-02 | Albany International Corp. | Energy-absorbing, formable fibrous compositions |
| CN101007347A (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2007-08-01 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method of high porosity metal porous carrier materials |
| CN101740022A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-16 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Metallic fiber gradient hole sound absorbing material and method for preparing same |
| US20140130725A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-05-15 | Nanjing University Of Technology | Anti-collision device made of buffering energy-absorbing type web-enhanced composite material |
| CN102861912A (en) * | 2012-09-23 | 2013-01-09 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method of metal fiber sintering felt |
| CN105013542A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-11-04 | 华南理工大学 | Honeycomb carrier based on stainless steel fiber sintering, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105057674A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-18 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method for stainless steel fiber sintered felt |
| CN105880595A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江省浦江县畅达有限公司 | Manufacturing technology of sintered felt |
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