CN114130948A - Method for recycling waste ceramsite sand - Google Patents

Method for recycling waste ceramsite sand Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114130948A
CN114130948A CN202111462441.XA CN202111462441A CN114130948A CN 114130948 A CN114130948 A CN 114130948A CN 202111462441 A CN202111462441 A CN 202111462441A CN 114130948 A CN114130948 A CN 114130948A
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China
Prior art keywords
sand
preheating
furnace body
sand grains
cooling
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CN202111462441.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钟辉云
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Nantong Maylead Technology Co ltd
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Nantong Maylead Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111462441.XA priority Critical patent/CN114130948A/en
Publication of CN114130948A publication Critical patent/CN114130948A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/06Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating

Abstract

The invention discloses a cyclic regeneration method of ceramsite waste sand, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing: crushing the waste ceramsite sand; s2, magnetic separation: carrying out magnetic separation on the crushed sand grains to remove ferromagnetic impurities; s3, preheating and roasting: sending the sand after magnetic separation into a roasting furnace, fully preheating the sand, and roasting the sand by adopting a heating mode on a fluidized bed to burn off or scorch a resin film on the surface of the waste ceramsite sand so as to lose the adhesive force; s4, cooling: cooling the preheated and roasted sand grains; s5, grinding: mechanically grinding the cooled sand grains to remove the adhesive and the ferric oxide on the surfaces of the sand grains; s6, screening: and screening the milled sand grains through a swing screen to screen out impurities and dust, and dividing the sand grains into different grain grades. The cyclic regeneration method can reduce energy consumption and improve the waste sand treatment efficiency.

Description

Method for recycling waste ceramsite sand
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of regeneration of waste foundry sand, in particular to a cyclic regeneration method of waste ceramsite sand.
Background
The ceramsite sand is prepared by sintering various raw materials such as various clays, slates, shales, coal gangue and industrial solid wastes through ceramics, has the advantages of low density, low water absorption, good heat insulation and frost resistance, and is a common molding material for sand casting. A large amount of casting waste sand can be generated in the casting process, the environment is polluted, and waste is also caused. How to carry out regeneration and cyclic utilization on the waste ceramsite sand becomes the focus of attention of people. At present, the regeneration treatment of the waste ceramsite sand mainly focuses on thermal treatment, namely organic matters contained in the waste ceramsite sand are subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air at a high temperature through high-temperature roasting to form gaseous oxides, and the gaseous oxides are removed from the surface of the waste sand. However, the existing thermal treatment process has high energy consumption, high cost and low waste sand treatment efficiency, so the existing thermal treatment process and equipment need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a method for recycling and regenerating ceramsite waste sand, which can reduce energy consumption and improve the waste sand treatment efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for recycling waste ceramsite sand comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing: crushing the waste ceramsite sand;
s2, magnetic separation: carrying out magnetic separation on the crushed sand grains to remove ferromagnetic impurities;
s3, preheating and roasting: sending the sand after magnetic separation into a roasting furnace, fully preheating the sand, and roasting the sand by adopting a heating mode on a fluidized bed to burn off or scorch a resin film on the surface of the waste ceramsite sand so as to lose the adhesive force;
s4, cooling: cooling the preheated and roasted sand grains;
s5, grinding: mechanically grinding the cooled sand grains to remove the adhesive and the ferric oxide on the surfaces of the sand grains;
s6, screening: and screening the milled sand grains through a swing screen to screen out impurities and dust, and dividing the sand grains into different grain grades.
Further, in step S3, the baking furnace includes a furnace body with a built-in burner, a preheating bin is disposed at the top of the furnace body and is communicated with the inside of the furnace body, a sand inlet and an air guide pipe are disposed at the top of the preheating bin, and a sand discharge port is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body. The preheating bin is internally provided with a plurality of preheaters which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the furnace body is internally provided with a conical buffering preheating hopper. The preheating bin is arranged at the top of the furnace body, so that roasting hot gas in the furnace body can upwards enter the preheating bin to preheat a preheater in the preheating bin; when the ceramsite waste sand enters the preheating bin from the sand inlet, the preheater can preheat the ceramsite waste sand, the descending speed of the ceramsite waste sand is slowed down through the buffering of the buffering preheating hopper, so that the ceramsite waste sand can be uniformly dispersed and enter the furnace body for roasting, and the roasting efficiency is improved.
Further, a fluidized bed located below the burner is arranged in the furnace body, a heat exchange coil group is further installed between the fluidized bed and the sand discharge port, and a roots blower used for blowing cold air to the heat exchange coil group is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body. When cold air is blown into the heat exchange coil group by the Roots blower, on one hand, settled sand can be cooled, and the sand outlet temperature of the sand is reduced; on the other hand, hot air after heat exchange with the heat exchange coil group can upwards participate in boiling burning treatment so as to save heat energy.
In step S3, the preheater has a vertical countercurrent structure, sand enters the preheating bin from the sand inlet, enters the preheater by its own weight, is preheated by the preheater, enters the furnace body by buffering of the buffering preheating hopper, is burned by the burner and then enters the fluidized bed for settling roasting. When sand particles uniformly enter the furnace body from the buffering preheating hopper, the flame of the burner is directly contacted with the boiling sand particles to heat the sand particles, so that the resin film on the surface of the sand particles is burnt or scorched.
Furthermore, after being settled and roasted by the fluidized bed, the sand grains are screened by a furnace bottom vibrating screen to remove large-particle impurities, and then are discharged through a sand discharge port.
Further, in step S3, the negative pressure of 900-3/h。
Further, the settling roasting time is 8-12 min.
Further, in step S4, sand enters the cooling bed from the sand discharge port, a water cooling device is additionally installed at the bottom of the cooling bed, and a high-pressure blower is additionally installed at one side of the cooling bed; under the action of a high-pressure blower, the sand grains are cooled doubly in a direct air cooling and indirect water cooling mode on a cooling bed. The cooling efficiency of the sand grains is improved by the double cooling process of air cooling and water cooling.
Further, in step S1, the crushed sand grains have a grain size of 30 to 100 mesh.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ceramsite waste sand is treated by a regeneration method of crushing, magnetic separation, preheating roasting, cooling, grinding and screening, so that the ceramsite waste sand is regenerated into reusable regenerated sand, the casting cost is saved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste sand discharge is solved;
2. firstly, resin organic matters on the surface of sand grains are removed through preheating and roasting, impurities on the surface of the sand grains are further removed through mechanical grinding after cooling, the angle form coefficient of the sand grains is improved, the grain shape of the sand grains is rounded, and the regeneration quality of the waste ceramsite sand is further improved through a treatment method combining roasting and grinding;
3. in step S3, the sand grains are preheated before being baked, so that the resin film on the surface of the sand grains can be removed more easily during the subsequent baking, and the subsequent baking efficiency is improved;
4. in step S3, a preheating bin is disposed at the top of the furnace body, and the preheating device is heated by the ascending of the roasting hot gas in the furnace body from bottom to top, so that the roasting heat energy is fully utilized, and no extra energy consumption is needed in the whole preheating process; and the descending speed of the sand grains is slowed down through the buffer preheating hopper, so that the sand grains are fully preheated and can be uniformly dispersed before roasting, and the subsequent roasting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a regeneration process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a roasting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-furnace body; 11-a sand discharge port; 2-preheating a bin; 21-a draught duct; 3-a preheater; 4-buffer preheating hopper; 5-a burner; 6-fluidized bed; 7-heat exchange coil group; 8-Roots blower; 9-blower.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
Examples
The common basic materials in the casting field at present mainly comprise natural silica sand, fused ceramic sand and ceramsite sand, the quality of the prepared casting is poor due to inherent defects of poor thermal stability and the like of the natural silica sand, and the natural silica sand is easy to break and cause environmental pollution; compared with natural silica sand, the fused ceramic sand can obviously improve the quality of castings and solve the problem of environmental pollution, but has higher comprehensive cost; the ceramsite sand is sintered ceramic sand, and the main component of the ceramsite sand is Al2O3The problem of poor castings caused by inherent defects of natural silica sand can be solved essentially, the production cost is much lower than that of fused ceramic sand, the comprehensive performance of the precoated sand is better than that of the fused ceramic sand, and the regeneration performance is better, so that the ceramsite sand is selected as a material for recycling.
Based on the above, referring to the attached drawing 1, the method for recycling and regenerating the waste ceramsite sand comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing: crushing the ceramsite waste sand by a vibration crusher, and crushing the ceramsite waste sand to ensure that the granularity of the crushed sand reaches 30-100 meshes;
s2, magnetic separation: carrying out magnetic separation on the crushed sand grains by a magnetic separator to remove iron filings magnetic impurities; is/are as follows
S3, preheating and roasting: sending the sand after magnetic separation into a roasting furnace, fully preheating the sand, and roasting the sand by adopting a heating mode on a fluidized bed to burn off or scorch a resin film on the surface of the waste ceramsite sand so as to lose the adhesive force;
s4, cooling: cooling the preheated and roasted sand grains;
s5, grinding: mechanically grinding the cooled sand grains to remove the adhesive and iron oxide on the surface of the sand grains, reduce the angle coefficient of the sand grains and improve the roundness of the grain shape of the sand grains;
s6, screening: and screening the milled sand grains through a swing screen to screen out impurities and dust, and dividing the sand grains into different grain grades.
Specifically, in step S3, as shown in fig. 2, the baking furnace includes a furnace body 1 with a built-in burner, a preheating bin 2 communicated with the inside is disposed at the top of the furnace body 1, a sand inlet and an air guide duct 21 are respectively disposed at the top of the preheating bin 2, and a sand discharge port 11 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 1. A plurality of stacked preheaters 3 are arranged in the preheating bin 2, the preheaters 3 adopt a vertical countercurrent structure, and a conical buffering preheating hopper 4 is arranged in the furnace body 1.
The inner wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a fireproof heat preservation layer built by fireproof materials, a boiling bed 6 positioned below the burner 5 is arranged in the furnace body 1, a heat exchange coil group 7 is further arranged between the boiling bed 6 and the sand discharge port 11, and a roots blower 8 used for blowing cold air to the heat exchange coil group 7 is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body 1. The burner 5 is connected with a blower 9 outside the furnace body, and the induced draft pipeline 21 is connected with an induced draft device.
In this embodiment, the negative pressure of the furnace body 1 is set at 1100Pa for 900-class furnace, the baking temperature in the furnace body 1 is set at 700 ℃ for 600-class furnace, and the induced air quantity of the induced air duct 21 is set at 10000m3/h。
The preheating bin 2 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, so that roasting hot gas in the furnace body 1 can upwards enter the preheating bin 2 to preheat a preheater 3 in the preheating bin 2; when the ceramsite waste sand enters the preheating bin 2 from the sand inlet, the ceramsite waste sand enters the preheater 3 under the action of self weight, the preheater 3 can preheat the ceramsite waste sand, the descending speed of the ceramsite waste sand is slowed down through the buffering of the buffering preheating hopper 4, the ceramsite waste sand can be uniformly dispersed and enter the furnace body 1, and the ceramsite waste sand is burned by the burner 5 and then enters the fluidized bed 6 for sedimentation roasting. Because the temperature in the furnace body 1 is high, in the process that the ceramsite waste sand enters the fluidized bed 6 from the buffering preheating hopper 4, the ceramsite waste sand is in a boiling state, the flame of the burner 5 can be directly contacted with the boiling ceramsite waste sand for firing so as to remove a resin film on the surface of the sand, when the sand heated to a specified temperature is fired, the sand slowly settles downwards on the fluidized bed 6 and is roasted by utilizing the heat energy stored by the sand, and meanwhile, cold air blown by the Roots blower 8 is introduced into the heat exchange coil group 7, so that the settled sand can be cooled and the sand outlet temperature of the sand can be reduced, and on the other hand, hot air after heat exchange with the heat exchange coil group 7 can upwards participate in the boiling firing treatment so as to save the heat energy; and then the wind pressure brought by the Roots blower 8 is led away through the air-inducing device, so that the internal pressure balance in the furnace body 1 is maintained, and meanwhile, the dust in the furnace body 1 can be taken away by the air-inducing device.
In this embodiment, the furnace body 1 is further provided with a furnace bottom vibrating screen at the sand discharge port 11, and sand settled by the fluidized bed 6 can be discharged through the sand discharge port 11 after large-particle impurities are removed by screening through the furnace bottom vibrating screen.
In this example, the settling roasting time of the sand grains on the fluidized bed 6 is 8-12 min.
In this embodiment, a cooling bed is installed below the sand discharge port 11, a water cooling device is installed at the bottom of the cooling bed, and a high-pressure blower is installed at one side of the cooling bed. When sand enters the cooling bed from the sand discharge port, under the action of the high-pressure blower, the sand is cooled doubly in a direct air cooling and indirect water cooling mode on the cooling bed, and the high-pressure blower can also be used for dedusting the sand.
In this embodiment, still need in time to take away the dust that separates among the sand grain processing process through pulse sack dust pelletizing system when cooling, grinding, screening for sand grain cleanliness is with high, simultaneously, reduces the influence of dust to the production environment.
The method for circularly regenerating the waste ceramsite sand treats the waste ceramsite sand by a regeneration method of crushing, magnetic separation, preheating roasting, cooling, grinding and screening, so that the waste ceramsite sand is regenerated into the reusable regenerated sand, the casting cost is saved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste sand discharge is solved; and the regeneration quality of the waste ceramsite sand can be effectively improved and the regeneration efficiency can be improved through the regeneration process combining roasting and grinding.
The method for recycling the waste ceramsite sand realizes recycling of the ceramsite sand, so that customers can enjoy improvement of casting quality brought by the ceramsite sand at lower cost, and dust and waste gas emission in a production workshop can be reduced in the casting process, thereby being beneficial to improvement of production environment. When the ceramsite reclaimed sand prepared by the cyclic regeneration method is used, the ceramsite reclaimed sand and a small amount of new ceramsite sand can be used as casting raw sand, a customer uses the casting raw sand to mold and core and cast, the produced casting waste sand is recycled and regenerated by the ceramsite waste sand cyclic regeneration method, and the ceramsite reclaimed sand obtained after treatment is continuously used as the casting raw sand, so that a cyclic regeneration mode is realized, and the energy conservation and environmental protection are realized.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for recycling waste ceramsite sand is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing: crushing the waste ceramsite sand;
s2, magnetic separation: carrying out magnetic separation on the crushed sand grains to remove ferromagnetic impurities;
s3, preheating and roasting: sending the sand after magnetic separation into a roasting furnace, fully preheating the sand, and roasting the sand by adopting a heating mode on a fluidized bed to burn off or scorch a resin film on the surface of the waste ceramsite sand so as to lose the adhesive force;
s4, cooling: cooling the preheated and roasted sand grains;
s5, grinding: mechanically grinding the cooled sand grains to remove impurities on the surfaces of the sand grains;
s6, screening: and screening the milled sand grains through a swing screen to screen out impurities and dust, and dividing the sand grains into different grain grades.
2. The recycling method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the roaster comprises a furnace body with a built-in burner, the top of the furnace body is provided with a preheating bin communicated with the inside, the top of the preheating bin is respectively provided with a sand inlet and an air inducing pipeline, and the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a sand outlet; the preheating bin is internally provided with a plurality of preheaters which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the furnace body is internally provided with a conical buffering preheating hopper.
3. The cyclic regeneration method according to claim 2, wherein a fluidized bed is arranged in the furnace body below the burner, a heat exchange coil group is further arranged between the fluidized bed and the sand discharge port, and a roots blower for blowing cold air to the heat exchange coil group is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body.
4. The cyclic regeneration method of claim 3, wherein in step S3, the preheater has a vertical counter-flow structure; sand grains enter the preheating bin from the sand inlet, enter the preheater by means of self weight, enter the furnace body after being preheated by the preheater and then enter the furnace body through the buffering preheating hopper in a buffering manner, are burned by the combustor and then enter the fluidized bed for settlement roasting.
5. The cyclic regeneration method of claim 4, wherein the sand grains are settled and roasted in the fluidized bed, screened by a vibrating screen at the bottom of the furnace to remove large-particle impurities, and then discharged through a sand discharge port.
6. The recycling method of claim 4, wherein in step S3, the negative pressure of 900-1100Pa is maintained in the furnace, the baking temperature in the furnace is maintained at 600-700 ℃, and the air-guiding quantity of the air-guiding pipe is 10000m3/h。
7. The cyclic regeneration method of claim 4, wherein the settling roasting time is 8-12 min.
8. The recycling method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein in step S4, sand enters the cooling bed from the sand discharge port, a water cooling device is added to the bottom of the cooling bed, and a high pressure blower is added to one side of the cooling bed; under the action of the high-pressure blower, the sand grains are cooled doubly on the cooling bed in an air cooling and water cooling mode.
9. The cyclic regeneration method of claim 1, wherein the crushed sand grains have a size of 30-100 mesh in step S1.
CN202111462441.XA 2021-12-02 2021-12-02 Method for recycling waste ceramsite sand Pending CN114130948A (en)

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CN114835420A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-02 南通美莱达科技有限公司 Equipment for regenerating ceramsite sand from ceramsite waste sand and preparation method of ceramsite sand

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CN114835420A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-02 南通美莱达科技有限公司 Equipment for regenerating ceramsite sand from ceramsite waste sand and preparation method of ceramsite sand

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