CN114130499B - A multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage pulverizing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer, which belongs to the field of pulverizing machinery. The pulverizer of the present invention comprises a machine base, a bin arranged on the machine base, a pulverizing knife group arranged in the bin, and a driving mechanism for driving the pulverizing knife group to rotate, and the pulverizing knife group includes sequentially coaxially arranged The primary crushing knife set, the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set, the rotation directions of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are opposite. The bulk materials are crushed into powdery materials step by step through the first-stage crushing knife group, the second-stage crushing knife group and the third-stage crushing knife group in the silo, and the first-stage crushing knife group crushes the material and passes through the sieve plate to filter The secondary crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set are further crushed. The secondary crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set rotate in opposite directions, and can crush the material at a higher speed. The material crushing efficiency is higher, and the material is crushed It is finer, and the energy consumption of the pulverizer is lower, and the service life of the pulverizer can be extended at the same time.

Description

A multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill

technical field

The invention relates to a pulverizer, in particular to a multi-stage pulverizing high-efficiency and energy-saving pulverizer.

Background technique

With the widespread use of plastic products, the harm of waste plastics to the environment and human health has become a serious problem that people have to face. Plastic recycling technology has also become the main technical means to reduce the harm of waste plastics. At present, most plastics need to be pulverized and pulverized in the recycling process, that is, waste plastics are first broken into small pieces, and then the broken small pieces of plastic are pulverized into powder to realize plastic recycling.

The pulverizer is the main equipment for crushing small pieces of plastic into powdery particles. It uses the internal high-speed rotating cutter head to crush the material. It can also be used for crushing and recycling some other composite materials. In order to ensure the fineness of material crushing, the existing pulverizer needs to be used with a pulverizing system device composed of a fan, a cyclone, a shut-off fan and a vibrating screen, such as the "plastic pulverizer" disclosed in Chinese Patent No. ZL201020022980.2 and Chinese Patent No. ZL201220278352.X discloses the "new automatic rubber and plastic mill", etc., wherein the former integrates the discharge induced draft fan into the mill body, while the latter is an independently driven discharge induced draft fan. These milling devices (i.e. "mills" in the present invention) grind the bulk materials and then are sucked into the cyclone by the induced draft fan, and after being separated and settled by the cyclone, they enter the vibrating screen through the closed fan, which meets the requirements. The fine powder passes through the sieve of the vibrating sieve, and the material with larger particle size is separated by the sieve, and then returns to the mill for secondary crushing through the conveying pipeline. Among them, the milling device for crushing small pieces of materials into powdery particles is a key component of the whole milling system, and its milling efficiency directly affects the working efficiency and energy consumption of the whole milling system.

Most of the milling cutter head assemblies of existing mills (or milling devices) adopt the structural form of "a kind of cutter head for milling machine" disclosed in Chinese Patent No. ZL201821310063.7, and each cutter is fixed on a disc-shaped On the knife holder, the knives are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the disc-shaped knife holder, and the knives are parallel to the rotation axis of the disc-shaped knife holder. The high-speed rotation of the cutter is used to impact and shear the material to achieve material crushing. The cutter head structure of this kind of mill has serious blade wear problems, and the cutter needs to be replaced frequently. The maintenance cost of the pulverizer; moreover, the blade mainly uses the function of the outer edge of the blade and the barrel of the pulverizer to pulverize the material during the working process. The work efficiency is on the low side, which in turn increases the energy consumption of operation.

One of the main technical means to improve the working efficiency of the pulverizer is to increase the speed of the pulverizing tool, and the speed of the pulverizing tool depends on the performance of the motor. The speed of the motor for the existing pulverizer is generally 3000r/min. If you want to further increase the speed of the pulverizer, you need to choose a high-speed drive motor with higher cost and higher power. This will inevitably increase the manufacturing cost and cost of the pulverizer greatly. Work energy consumption. In order to improve the working efficiency of the mill, "a mill" disclosed in Chinese Patent No. ZL201921345106.X provides a dual-motor drive idea, which has two grinding discs and two driving motors, and the two grinding discs are respectively driven by Driven by a drive motor, the relative rotation of the two grinding discs is used to increase the relative speed of the grinding disc, which helps to improve the working efficiency of the mill. However, the design of the grinding disc of this mill can only achieve primary crushing of materials. Due to the further grinding of the powder, at the same time, the feeding auger is needed to assist the feeding, so this structure is difficult to apply to crush small pieces of material into powdery particles.

Contents of the invention

1. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of low working efficiency and high energy consumption in the existing mill, and provide a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency and energy-saving mill. By adopting the technical scheme of the present invention, multiple The first-stage crushing knife group, the block materials are crushed into powdery materials step by step through the first-stage crushing knife set, the second-stage crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set in the silo, and the first-stage crushing knife set crushes the material After being filtered by the sieve plate, it is further crushed by the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set. The rotation direction of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are opposite, and the material can be crushed at a higher speed, and the material crushing efficiency is improved. Higher, the material is more finely crushed, and the energy consumption of the pulverizer is lower, and the service life of the crushing knife group can be extended at the same time.

2. Technical solution

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme provided by the invention is:

A multi-stage pulverizing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention comprises a machine base, a silo mounted on the machine base, a pulverizer set inside the silo, and a drive mechanism for driving the pulverizer to rotate, wherein:

The crushing knife set includes a primary crushing knife set, a secondary crushing knife set and a tertiary crushing knife set arranged coaxially in sequence, and the primary crushing knife set and the secondary crushing knife set are respectively fixed on the central shaft , and there is a sieve plate with several sieve holes between the primary crushing knife set and the secondary crushing knife set. The three-stage crushing knife set is coaxially fixed on the transmission shaft sleeve, and the transmission shaft The sleeve is movably sleeved on the central shaft, and the driving mechanism is respectively connected with the central shaft protruding from the silo and the transmission shaft sleeve, and the rotation directions of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are opposite; The side of the silo close to the first-stage crushing knife set is provided with a material inlet, and the side close to the third-stage crushing knife set is provided with a discharge port.

Furthermore, the two ends of the central shaft are rotatably supported on the machine base or the two end covers of the silo through the first bearing seat respectively, and the transmission sleeve is rotatably supported on the three sides through the second bearing seat. The silo end cover or base of the first-stage crushing knife group.

Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a first drive motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second drive motor and a second transmission mechanism, the first drive motor is connected to the central shaft through the first transmission mechanism, and the The second drive motor is connected to the transmission sleeve through the second transmission mechanism, and the driving ends of the central shaft and the transmission sleeve are located on the side away from the feed inlet.

Furthermore, the motor power of the first driving motor is greater than or equal to the motor power of the second driving motor.

Furthermore, the silo adopts a jacket structure, the feed inlet is eccentrically arranged on the end cover of the silo near the primary crushing knife group, and the discharge port is along the The tangential direction of the wall is provided on the silo.

Furthermore, at least two sets of the secondary crushing knife sets are arranged side by side in the axial direction, and at least one set of the tertiary crushing knife sets is arranged in the axial direction.

Furthermore, the sieve tray is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bin; or, the sieve tray is fixedly installed on the central shaft or the primary crushing knife set or the secondary crushing knife set; the sieve plate’s The aperture of the sieve hole is 2-6 mm; the center of the first-stage crushing knife set is provided with a first-stage knife set bushing, and the center of the second-stage crushing knife set is provided with a second-stage knife set bushing. The crushing knife set is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft through the first-stage knife set bushing, and the secondary crushing knife set is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft through the second-stage knife set bushing.

Furthermore, the first-stage crushing knife set adopts a flail-type structure, including a primary knife holder, a flailing knife shaft, a primary crushing blade and a spacer, and the flailing knife shaft is located at the The circumferential direction is evenly arranged, and each of the said flail knife shafts is equipped with a number of primary crushing blades along the axial direction, and the two axially adjacent primary crushing blades are sleeved on the corresponding flail blades. The spacer on the cutter shaft is separated.

Furthermore, the secondary crushing knife set includes a secondary blade holder and a number of secondary crushing blades that are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the secondary blade holder along the circumferential direction. The knife frame is arranged forward and backward inclining toward the same rotation direction; the three-stage crushing knife set includes a three-stage knife frame and a number of three-stage crushing blades evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the three-stage knife frame along the circumferential direction. The tertiary crushing blades are set on the tertiary knife holder inclined forward and backward in the same rotation direction, and the forward and backward inclination directions of the tertiary crushing blades are opposite to the front and rear inclination directions of the secondary crushing blades.

Furthermore, the angle α between the secondary crushing blade and the secondary tool holder is 15°-30°, and the front-rear inclination angle between the tertiary crushing blade and the tertiary knife holder is 15°-30°. α is 15° to 30°.

3. Beneficial effect

Compared with the existing known technology, the technical solution provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) A multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, which includes a machine base, a bin arranged on the machine base, a pulverizing knife set in the bin, and a drive for driving the pulverizing knife set to rotate Mechanism, the crushing knife group includes the first-stage crushing knife set, the second-stage crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set coaxially arranged in sequence. The sieve plate, the driving mechanism is respectively connected with the central shaft and the transmission shaft sleeve extending out of the silo, and the rotation directions of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are opposite; The first-stage crushing knife group, the block materials are crushed into powdery materials step by step through the first-stage crushing knife set, the second-stage crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set in the silo, and the first-stage crushing knife set crushes the material After being filtered by the sieve plate, it is further crushed by the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set. The rotation direction of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are opposite, and the material can be crushed at a higher speed, and the material crushing efficiency is improved. Higher, the material is more finely crushed, and the energy consumption of the mill is lower, and the service life of the crushing knife group can be extended;

(2) In the multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, the two ends of the central shaft of the crushing knife group are respectively supported on the machine base or the two end covers of the bin through the first bearing seat, and the transmission The shaft sleeve is rotatably supported by the second bearing seat on the bin end cover or machine base close to the three-stage crushing knife group. The central shaft can be supported at both ends. The rotation vibration is small, which makes the operation of the mill more stable and reliable;

(3) A kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention, its driving mechanism comprises a first driving motor and a second driving motor, the central shaft and the drive shaft sleeve are respectively driven by two driving motors, When the total power of the machine is close to that of the existing mill, the power of a single motor can be smaller, and there is no need to use a high-power motor, which makes the selection of the driving motor more flexible, and the input cost of the motor is also lower; and, two The driving motor is located on the same side of the silo, which makes the structure and layout of the mill more reasonable and compact;

(4) A kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention, because the working load of the three-stage crushing knife group is obviously smaller than the work load of the first two-stage crushing knife group, the power of the second driving motor can be smaller like this, that is The motor power of the first drive motor is greater than or equal to the motor power of the second drive motor, for example, the power of the first drive motor can be 55kW, and the power of the second drive motor can be 30kW, compared to the existing 90kW mill In other words, the total power of the mill can be reduced, and the two motors perform their own duties, and the work efficiency can be greatly improved;

(5) A kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, its bin adopts the jacket type structure, can lead into cooling liquid to cool, reduce the operating temperature of the mill, improve the working stability of the mill The feed inlet is eccentrically set on the end cover of the bin close to the primary crushing knife group, and the discharge port is set on the bin along the tangential direction of the bin wall, and the material can be sucked directly from the feed inlet. In the silo, at the same time, the pulverized powdery material can be quickly discharged from the discharge port, and the material in and out is more smooth and efficient;

(6) In the multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, at least two sets of secondary crushing knife sets are arranged side by side along the axial direction, and at least one set of three-stage crushing knife sets is arranged axially. The design of one-stage crushing knife group or three-stage crushing knife group can extend the flow stroke of material crushing and make the material crushed more finely;

(7) In the multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, the sieve tray is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bin, or the sieve tray is fixedly installed on the central shaft or the primary crushing knife group or the secondary crushing knife group It rotates together with it, and after being filtered by the sieve plate, the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set only need to crush fine particles, and the wear on the crushing blades is less, so that the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set Longer service life;

(8) A kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention, the center of its first-stage crushing knife group is provided with the first-stage knife group bushing, the center of the secondary crushing knife group is provided with the secondary knife-group bushing, one The primary crushing knife group is fixedly set on the central shaft through the primary knife set shaft sleeve, the secondary crushing knife set is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft through the secondary knife set shaft sleeve, the primary crushing knife set and the secondary crushing knife set The shaft sleeve structure is installed on the central shaft, so that the primary crushing knife group and the secondary crushing knife group form a modular structure, which is convenient for the rapid assembly of the crushing knife group on the central shaft;

(9) In the multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, the first-stage crushing knife set adopts a knife-throwing structure, and the crushing blades are expanded by the rotating centrifugal action of the crushing blades, and the block materials are hit by the primary crushing blades Crush it, and when the material resistance is too large or the material is mixed with high hardness materials such as metal, the crushing blade can be passed smoothly, which effectively prevents the collision damage of the primary crushing blade and improves the crushing stability of the primary crushing knife group on the material. service life;

(10) A kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention, its two-stage crushing knife group comprises two-stage knife rest and several secondary crushing blades that are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the two-stage knife rest along the circumferential direction, each The second-stage crushing blades are set on the second-stage knife holder inclined forward and backward in the same direction of rotation; the third-stage crushing knife set includes the third-stage knife holder and several third-stage crushing blades evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the third-stage knife holder along the circumferential direction. Each piece of tertiary crushing blades is set on the tertiary knife holder inclined forward and backward in the same direction of rotation, and the front and rear inclination direction of the tertiary crushing blades is opposite to that of the secondary crushing blades; the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife All groups adopt the layout of circumferential blades, the blades rotate at a higher linear speed, and the high-speed rotating blades are used to slap and break the materials, making the material crushing more fine and efficient; in addition, the secondary crushing knife group and the three-stage crushing knife On the basis of the opposite rotation direction, the crushing blades of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are set to be inclined forward and backward, and the forward and backward inclination direction of the secondary crushing blade is opposite to the forward and backward inclination direction of the tertiary crushing blade. During the relatively high-speed rotation of the first-stage crushing knife group and the third-stage crushing knife group, on the one hand, a rotating airflow can be formed to accelerate the flow speed of the material, and the material can be quickly crushed by the impact and shearing of the high-speed rotating blade, which further improves the crushing efficiency of the material. Efficiency; on the other hand, it can form a suction force in the same direction, suck the material from the feed port of the mill, and discharge it from the discharge port of the mill after being crushed by the multi-stage crushing knife group, which can reduce the dust consumption of the mill. The power of the subsequent induced draft fan in the mill device makes the operation of the mill more energy-saving and efficient;

(11) A multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention, the front and rear inclination angle α between the secondary crushing blade and the secondary knife holder is 15°～30°, the tertiary crushing blade and the tertiary knife The front and rear inclination angle α between the racks is 15°～30°. Through reasonable inclination angle setting, it can take into account the material crushing efficiency and powder flow speed, and improve the grinding efficiency of the mill.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a kind of multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving pulverizer of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an angle of a multi-stage crushing knife group in a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of another angle of the multi-stage crushing knife set in a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a multi-stage crushing knife set in a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a front structural schematic diagram of a secondary crushing knife set or a tertiary crushing knife set in a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a top view structural diagram of a secondary crushing knife set or a tertiary crushing knife set in a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention.

Explanation of the labels in the schematic diagram:

1. Machine base; 1-1, first bearing seat; 2. Storage tank; 2A, feed inlet; 2B, discharge outlet; 2-1, outer cylinder; 2-2, inner cylinder; 2-3, cooling Jacket; 2-4, front end cover; 2-5, rear end cover; 2-6, second bearing seat; 3, driving mechanism; 3-1, first driving motor; 3-2, first transmission mechanism; 3-3, the second driving motor; 3-4, the second transmission mechanism; 4, the primary crushing knife group; 4-1, the primary knife holder; 4-2, the swing knife shaft; 4-3, the primary Broken blade; 4-4, spacer sleeve; 4-5, first-level knife set shaft sleeve; 5, sieve plate; 5-1, sieve hole; 6, second-level broken knife set; 6-1, second-level knife holder; 6-2, two-stage crushing blade; 6-3, two-stage knife set shaft sleeve; 7, three-stage crushing knife set; 7-1, three-stage knife holder; 7-2, three-stage crushing blade; 8, central shaft ; 9, drive shaft sleeve.

Detailed ways

In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[Example]

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill in this embodiment includes a base 1, a bin 2 mounted on the base 1, and a crushing knife set inside the bin 2 And the drive mechanism 3 used to drive the rotation of the crushing knife group, the bin 2 is installed horizontally on the base 1, and the bin 2 and the base 1 can be welded and fixed together; further combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4, the pulverizer The group includes the primary crushing knife group 4, the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the tertiary crushing knife group 7 arranged coaxially in sequence. The primary crushing knife group 4 and the secondary crushing knife group 6 are fixedly installed on the central shaft 8 respectively. The two rotate synchronously with the central shaft 8, and a sieve plate 5 with several sieve holes 5-1 is provided between the primary crushing knife set 4 and the secondary crushing knife set 6, and the sieve plate 5 connects the primary crushing knife set 4 and the secondary crushing knife group 6 are separated, the primary crushing knife group 4 is used for coarse crushing of materials, and the small particles after coarse crushing pass through the sieve hole 5-1 on the sieve plate 5, and then the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the third-stage crushing knife group 7 are further finely ground and crushed, and the larger materials are continuously crushed by the first-stage crushing knife group 4; the third-stage crushing knife group 7 is coaxially fixed on the transmission shaft sleeve 9, and the transmission shaft sleeve 9 is movable Set on the central shaft 8, the driving mechanism 3 is respectively connected to the central shaft 8 extending out of the bin 2 and the transmission sleeve 9, and the rotation directions of the secondary crushing knife set 6 and the tertiary crushing knife set 7 are opposite, so that The relative speed of the third-stage crushing knife set 7 and the second-stage crushing knife set 6 is the sum of the rotational speeds of the two, which greatly increases the relative rotational speed of the crushing knife set, so that the material is crushed between the second-stage crushing knife set 6 and the third-stage crushing knife set. 7 can be crushed more finely, and the crushing efficiency is greatly improved; the side of the bin 2 close to the primary crushing knife set 4 is provided with a feed port 2A, and the side close to the third stage crushing knife set 7 is provided with a The discharge port 2B, the material enters from the feed port 2A, and is successively crushed through the primary crushing knife group 4, the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the tertiary crushing knife group 7, and the pulverized powdery material is discharged from the discharge port 2B is discharged. By setting the multi-stage crushing knife group in the bin 2 of the pulverizer, the block materials are crushed step by step through the first-stage crushing knife group 4, the second-stage crushing knife group 6 and the third-stage crushing knife group 7 in the bin 2. It is a powdery material, and the primary crushing knife group 4 crushes the material and passes through the sieve plate 5 to filter it, and then it is further crushed by the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the tertiary crushing knife group 7, the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the third The crushing knife group 7 rotates in the opposite direction, and can crush the material at a higher speed. The material crushing efficiency is higher, the material crushing is finer, and the energy consumption of the pulverizer is lower, and the service life of the crushing knife group can be extended at the same time.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the two ends of the central shaft 8 are respectively rotatably supported on the machine base 1 or the end covers of the bin 2 through the first bearing seat 1-1, and the transmission shaft The sleeve 9 is rotatably supported on the end cover of the bin 2 near the three-stage crushing knife group 7 or on the base 1 through the second bearing seat 2-6. The central shaft 8 can be supported at both ends. Compared with the existing cantilever transmission shaft design, the high-speed rotation of the crushing knife set has less vibration, making the operation of the pulverizer more stable and reliable. Specifically, the first bearing seat 1-1 is arranged on the machine base 1, and the two ends of the central shaft 8 respectively pass through the end covers at both ends of the bin 2 and are supported on the first bearing seat 1-1 on the corresponding side. The second bearing seat 2-6 is located on one side end cover of the bin 2, and the drive shaft sleeve 9 is sleeved on the central shaft 8 and supported on the second bearing seat 2-6. Both sides of the above-mentioned second bearing housing 2-6 are also provided with mechanical seals to prevent material dust from entering the bearing and causing the bearing to be damaged.

The above-mentioned driving mechanism 3 can be driven by a single motor or a double motor. When a single motor is used, it can be connected to the central shaft 8 and the transmission sleeve 9 through an intermediate conversion mechanism, such as the connection between the central shaft 8 and the transmission sleeve 9. A set of gears can be used to realize the reverse rotation of the two. The motor drives the central shaft 8 or the transmission sleeve 9 to rotate. When the motor drives the central shaft 8 to rotate, the central shaft 8 is provided with a first gear. One side is provided with a transmission shaft with a second gear, and the other end of the transmission shaft drives the transmission sleeve 9 to rotate through a pulley transmission mechanism. The disadvantage of adopting a single-motor design is that a high-power motor is required, and the intermediate transmission mechanism is relatively complicated. Preferably in this embodiment, the drive mechanism 3 adopts a dual-motor drive design, that is, the drive mechanism 3 includes a first drive motor 3-1, a first transmission mechanism 3-2, a second drive motor 3-3 and a second transmission mechanism 3 -4, the first drive motor 3-1 is in drive connection with the central shaft 8 through the first transmission mechanism 3-2, the second drive motor 3-3 is in transmission connection with the transmission sleeve 9 through the second transmission mechanism 3-4, and the center shaft 8 and the driving end of the drive shaft sleeve 9 are all located on the side away from the feed inlet 2A. The central shaft 8 and the drive shaft sleeve 9 are respectively driven by two drive motors. When the total power of the pulverizer is close to that of the existing pulverizer, the power of a single motor can be smaller, and there is no need to use a high-power motor. The selection of the driving motor is more flexible, and the input cost of the motor is also lower; moreover, the two driving motors are arranged on the same side of the bin 2, so that the structural layout of the pulverizer is more reasonable and compact. The above-mentioned first transmission mechanism 3-2 and second transmission mechanism 3-4 are preferably belt pulley transmission mechanisms with stable transmission and overload protection. Because the working load of the three-stage crushing knife group 7 is obviously smaller than that of the previous two-stage crushing knife group, the power of the second drive motor 3-3 can be smaller like this, that is, the motor power of the first drive motor 3-1 is greater than or equal to The motor power of the second driving motor 3-3, for example, the power of the first driving motor 3-1 can be 55kW, and the power of the second driving motor 3-3 can be 30kW, compared to the pulverizer of existing 90kW , the total power of the mill can be reduced, and the two motors perform their own duties, and the work efficiency can be greatly improved.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned silo 2 adopts a jacketed structure, which can be cooled by passing through cooling liquid, so as to reduce the operating temperature of the mill and improve the working stability of the mill ; The feed port 2A is eccentrically arranged on the end cover of the bin 2 near the side of the primary crushing knife group 4, and the discharge port 2B is arranged on the bin 2 along the tangential direction of the bin wall of the bin 2, and the material can be directly fed by The feed port 2A is sucked into the silo 2, and at the same time, the pulverized powdery material can be quickly discharged from the discharge port 2B, making the feeding and discharging of materials smoother and more efficient. Specifically, the silo 2 includes an outer cylinder 2-1, an inner cylinder 2-2, a front end cover 2-4 and a rear end cover 2-5, the outer cylinder 2-1 is arranged on the outside of the inner cylinder 2-2, and the outer cylinder 2 A cooling jacket 2-3 is formed between -1 and the inner cylinder 2-2, the front end cover 2-4 and the rear end cover 2-5 are respectively installed on the front end and the rear end of the bin 2 through the flange structure, and the second bearing seat 2-6 is fixed on the rear end cover 2-5, so that the bin 2 forms a closed structure. The material inlet 2A is set on the front end cover 2-4 to one side, and the material outlet 2B is arranged along the tangential direction of the bin 2, and the material outlet 2B communicates with the inner cylinder 2-2. When the pulverizer is running, the cooling water is fed into the cooling jacket 2-3, so that the operating temperature of the pulverizer can be quickly reduced.

As shown in Figures 2 to 5, in this embodiment, at least two groups of secondary crushing knife groups 6 are arranged side by side along the axial direction, each group of secondary crushing knife groups 6 has the same structure, and the tertiary crushing knife groups 7 are arranged along the There is at least one set in the axial direction, and when multiple sets of three-stage crushing knife sets 7 are provided, the structure of each three-stage crushing knife set 7 is also the same. The design of multiple sets of secondary crushing knife sets 6 or tertiary crushing knife sets 7 can extend the flow stroke of material crushing and make the material crushing more finely. The above-mentioned sieve tray 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bin 2, or the sieve tray 5 is fixedly installed on the central shaft 8 or the primary crushing knife set 4 or the secondary crushing knife set 6, and rotates together with the crushing knife set; The sieve hole 5-1 aperture of the disc 5 is preferably 2 to 6 mm. After filtering by the sieve disc 5, the secondary crushing knife set 6 and the tertiary crushing knife set 7 only need to crush fine particles, and the wear on the crushing blade is smaller. Make the service life of secondary crushing knife group 6 and tertiary crushing knife group 7 longer.

As shown in Figure 5, in this embodiment, the center of the primary crushing knife set 4 is provided with a primary knife set bushing 4-5, and the center of the secondary crushing knife set 6 is provided with a secondary knife set bushing 6-3. , the primary crushing knife group 4 is fixedly set on the central shaft 8 through the primary knife set shaft sleeve 4-5, and the secondary crushing knife group 6 is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft 8 through the secondary knife set shaft sleeve 6-3 . Both the first-level knife set shaft sleeve 4-5 and the second-level knife set shaft sleeve 6-3 can be connected with the central shaft 8 by means of a flat key to transmit axial torque. The primary crushing knife set 4 and the secondary crushing knife set 6 are installed on the central shaft 8 using a shaft sleeve structure, so that the primary crushing knife set 4 and the secondary crushing knife set 6 form a modular structure, which is convenient for the crushing knife set to be placed on the central axis. Quick assembly on 8.

Further, the primary crushing knife set 4 in this embodiment adopts a knife throwing structure, including a primary knife holder 4-1, a knife swinging shaft 4-2, a primary crushing blade 4-3 and a spacer 4-4 , the flailing knife shaft 4-2 is evenly set in the circumferential direction of the primary tool holder 4-1, and according to different needs, the flailing knife shaft 4-2 can be set in 3 to 8 groups, as shown in Figure 4, there are 6 groups designed There are several first-stage crushing blades 4-3 movable along the axial direction on each of the flailing cutter shafts 4-2, and two primary crushing blades 4-3 adjacent to each other in the axial direction The space is separated by the spacer 4-4 sleeved on the corresponding knife shaft 4-2. Specifically, one end of the primary crushing blade 4-3 is provided with a through hole, and the primary crushing blade 4-3 and the spacer 4-4 are alternately sleeved on the corresponding knife shaft 4-2, and the primary crushing blade 4 -3 can freely rotate on the knife shaft 4-2. When working, use the centrifugal action of the crushing blade to expand the crushing blade, and use the primary crushing blade 4-3 to hit the block material to crush it. If the material resistance is too large Or when the material is mixed with high-hardness materials such as metal, the crushing blade can smoothly pass over obstacles, effectively preventing the collision damage of the primary crushing blade 4-3, and improving the crushing stability and service life of the primary crushing knife group 4 for materials. Specifically in this embodiment, the first-stage knife rest 4-1 can be constituted by a mounting plate, and at least one mounting plate is provided on both sides of the primary crushing knife group 4, and the two ends of the flailing knife shaft 4-2 are installed on the On the mounting plate of the corresponding side, according to the quantity of the primary crushing blades 4-3 on the flailing knife shaft 4-2 and the length of the flailing knife shaft 4-2, it can be re-set in the middle of the flailing knife shaft 4-2 One or more mounting plates are used to improve the structural stability of the primary crushing knife group 4 .

As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned secondary crushing knife group 6 includes a secondary knife rest 6-1 and several blades evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the secondary knife rest 6-1 along the circumferential direction. The secondary crushing blade 6-2, each secondary crushing blade 6-2 is set on the secondary knife rest 6-1 inclined forward and backward towards the same direction of rotation; the three-stage crushing knife group 7 includes the three-stage knife rest 7-1 and A number of three-stage crushing blades 7-2 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference of the three-stage knife holder 7-1, and each three-stage crushing blade 7-2 is set on the three-stage knife holder 7-1 inclined forward and backward toward the same rotation direction , and the forward and backward inclination direction of the third-stage crushing blade 7-2 is opposite to the front-rear inclination direction of the secondary crushing blade 6-2. That is, there is a certain angle of inclination between the secondary crushing blade 6-2 and the front and rear end surfaces of the secondary knife rest 6-1, and there is also a certain inclination angle between the three-stage crushing blade 7-2 and the front and rear end surfaces of the three-stage knife rest 7-1. A certain inclination angle, in this way, during the relatively high-speed rotation of the secondary crushing knife set 6 and the tertiary crushing knife set 7, on the one hand, a rotating airflow can be formed, which accelerates the flow speed of the material, and utilizes the high-speed rotating blades to impact and shear The effect quickly crushes the material, which further improves the efficiency of material crushing; on the other hand, it can form a suction force in the same direction, sucking the material from the feed port of the mill, and after being crushed by the multi-stage crushing knife group, it is crushed by the mill. It can be discharged from the discharge port of the mill, which can reduce the power of the subsequent suction fan in the mill device, making the operation of the mill more energy-saving and efficient. The above-mentioned secondary knife holder 6-1 and tertiary knife holder 7-1 are both disc-shaped structures, as the substrate for installing the crushing blades, the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the tertiary crushing knife group 7 both adopt a circumferential blade layout, The rotating speed of the blade is higher, and the high-speed rotating blade is used to slap and break the material, so that the material is crushed more finely and efficiently. Moreover, the pulverized material powder can be quickly discharged from the mill, and compared with the existing mill cutter set, it can reduce the wear of the blade and reduce the maintenance cost of the mill cutter head. Since the smaller the front and rear inclination angle between the crushing blade and the knife holder, the smaller the suction force generated by the rotation of the corresponding crushing knife group, at this time the speed of powder discharge is relatively slow, the resistance of the crushing blade increases, and the wear increases. ; and the larger the front and rear inclination angle, the smaller the impact angle between the crushing blade and the material, and the greater the suction force. At this time, the crushing effect of the crushing blade on the material becomes worse, and the crushing efficiency of the material is relatively slow. Therefore, it is necessary to set the front and rear inclination angles between the crushing blade and the knife holder within a reasonable range. Specifically in this embodiment, the front and rear inclination angle α between the secondary crushing blade 6-2 and the secondary knife rest 6-1 is 15° to 30°, and the tertiary crushing blade 7-2 and the tertiary knife rest 7 The front and rear inclination angle α between -1 is 15° to 30°; further preferably, the front and rear inclination angle α between the secondary crushing blade 6-2 and the secondary knife holder 6-1 is 20°, and the tertiary The front and rear inclination angle α between the crushing blade 7-2 and the three-stage knife rest 7-1 is 20°. Through the above reasonable setting of the included angle of inclination, both the material crushing efficiency and the powder flow speed can be taken into account, and the grinding efficiency of the mill is improved.

Further, as shown in Figure 6, in this embodiment, the secondary crushing blade 6-2 is fixed on the secondary knife rest 6-1 in a radial shape along the radial direction of the secondary knife rest 6-1, and the third-stage The crushing blade 7-2 is radially fixed on the three-stage knife rest 7-1 along the radial direction of the three-stage knife rest 7-1. They are all on the diameter extension line of the corresponding knife holder, which can better collide and shear with the material. The number of crushing blades in the secondary crushing knife group 6 and the tertiary crushing knife group 7 can be determined according to specific design requirements. The uniform distribution of crushing blades in the circumferential direction makes the whole crushing knife group have a better dynamic balance effect, so that the crushing knife group can rotate It is more stable and improves the working stability of the mill. Of course, each crushing blade can also be inclined within a certain range with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the corresponding knife holder, and the circumferential inclination direction of each crushing blade is also toward the same rotation direction, that is, the central plane of the crushing blade does not exceed the center of the circle of the disc-shaped knife holder. , The circumferential inclination angle of the crushing blade should not be too large, and it can be determined according to the specific design requirements. In order to facilitate the installation and fixation of each crushing blade in the secondary crushing knife set 6 and the tertiary crushing knife set 7, an embedding groove is provided on the outer circumference of the secondary knife rest 6-1 and the tertiary knife rest 7-1. One end of the crushing blade 6-2 is embedded in the corresponding slot of the secondary tool holder 6-1, and fixed by welding; one end of the third-level crushing blade 7-2 is embedded in the corresponding slot of the third-level tool holder 7-1, and Fix by welding. The insert is used to position and fix the blade, so that the blade is fixed more firmly and stably. Of course, in order to facilitate the separate replacement of the blades, the secondary crushing blade 6-2 and the tertiary crushing blade 7-2 can also be fixed by bolts, that is, the embedded grooves of the secondary knife rest 6-1 and the tertiary knife rest 7-1 Inner welded fixed blade fixing plate is provided with mounting holes on the blade fixing plate, and the secondary crushing blade 6-2 and the tertiary crushing blade 7-2 are respectively fixed on the corresponding blade fixing plate by bolts.

In the multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of this embodiment, the speeds of the first drive motor 3-1 and the second drive motor 3-3 of the drive mechanism 3 can reach 3000r/min, that is, the primary crushing knife group 4 And the rotating speed of secondary crushing knife group 6 is 3000r/min, the rotating speed of tertiary crushing knife group 7 is 3000r/min, and the relative rotational speed of secondary crushing knife group 6 and tertiary crushing knife group 7 is 6000r/min. When working, start the first drive motor 3-1 and the second drive motor 3-3, the material enters from the feed port 2A, and is sucked into the bin 2 under the action of negative pressure suction; in the bin 2, the granular The material (usually 1-2cm block material) is first crushed by the impact of the primary crushing knife group 4, and the material whose particle size is smaller than the sieve hole 5-1 aperture of the sieve plate 5 passes through the sieve plate 5, and is crushed by the secondary crushing knife group 4 again. The crushing knife group 6 slaps and crushes, and the particle size of the material can generally reach 20 to 50 mesh at this time; after that, the material passes through the three-stage crushing knife group 7 that rotates in reverse again, and passes through the three-stage crushing knife group 5 at a higher speed. The impact and beating are further crushed, and the particle size of the material can generally reach 60 mesh; finally, the powdery material is discharged from the discharge port 2B. During the operation of the pulverizer, the high-speed rotating secondary crushing knife set 6 and tertiary crushing knife set 7 can generate suction force at the same time, so that the material is automatically sucked into the bin 2 from the feed port 2A for crushing, and then The discharge port 2B is automatically discharged. In this way, the power of the induced draft fan is further reduced, and the operation of the pulverizer is more energy-saving and efficient.

A multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving mill of the present invention is used for crushing and reusing waste, and belongs to the field of energy-saving and environmental protection equipment. A multi-stage crushing knife group is set in the bin of the pulverizer, and the massive material is crushed into powdery materials step by step through the first-stage crushing knife group, the second-stage crushing knife group and the third-stage crushing knife group in the bin, and The first-stage crushing knife group crushes the material and passes through the sieve plate to filter it, and then it is further crushed by the second-stage crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set. The high speed crushes the material, the material crushing efficiency is higher, the material crushing is finer, and the energy consumption of the pulverizer is lower, and the service life of the crushing knife group can be extended at the same time.

In addition, on the basis that the rotation direction of the secondary crushing knife set is opposite to that of the tertiary crushing knife set, the crushing blades of the secondary crushing knife set and the tertiary crushing knife set are tilted forward and backward, and the forward and backward inclination direction of the secondary crushing blade It is opposite to the front and rear inclination direction of the third-stage crushing blades. In this way, during the relatively high-speed rotation of the second-stage crushing knife set and the third-stage crushing knife set, on the one hand, a rotating airflow can be formed, which accelerates the flow speed of the material. The impact and shear action quickly crush the material, further improving the material crushing efficiency; on the other hand, it can form a suction force in the same direction, suck the material from the feed port of the mill, and crush it through the multi-stage crushing knife group Finally, it is discharged from the discharge port of the pulverizer, which can reduce the power of the subsequent induced draft fan in the pulverizer device, making the operation of the pulverizer more energy-saving and efficient.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed” to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "front", "rear" and similar expressions are used herein for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to represent the only embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the invention. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The present invention and its implementations have been schematically described above, and the description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementations of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by it, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, without creatively designing a structure and an embodiment similar to the technical solution, it shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention .

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient energy-conserving milling machine of multi-stage crushing, includes frame (1), locates silo (2) on frame (1), locates crushing knife tackle in silo (2) and is used for driving rotatory actuating mechanism (3) of crushing knife tackle, its characterized in that:

the crushing cutter set comprises a first-stage crushing cutter set (4), a second-stage crushing cutter set (6) and a third-stage crushing cutter set (7) which are coaxially arranged in sequence, wherein the first-stage crushing cutter set (4) and the second-stage crushing cutter set (6) are respectively and fixedly arranged on a central shaft (8), a sieve tray (5) with a plurality of sieve pores (5-1) is arranged between the first-stage crushing cutter set (4) and the second-stage crushing cutter set (6), the third-stage crushing cutter set (7) is coaxially fixed on a transmission shaft sleeve (9), the transmission shaft sleeve (9) is movably sleeved on the central shaft (8), a driving mechanism (3) is respectively in transmission connection with the central shaft (8) and the transmission shaft sleeve (9) which extend out of a bin barrel (2), and the rotating directions of the second-stage crushing cutter set (6) and the third-stage crushing cutter set (7) are opposite; a feed inlet (2A) is formed in one side, close to the first-stage crushing cutter group (4), of the bin cylinder (2), and a discharge outlet (2B) is formed in one side, close to the third-stage crushing cutter group (7);

the secondary crushing cutter set (6) comprises a secondary cutter frame (6-1) and a plurality of secondary crushing blades (6-2) which are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the secondary cutter frame (6-1) along the circumferential direction, and the secondary crushing blades (6-2) of each blade are arranged on the secondary cutter frame (6-1) in a forward and backward inclined mode towards the same rotating direction; the three-level crushing cutter set (7) comprises a three-level cutter frame (7-1) and a plurality of three-level crushing blades (7-2) which are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the three-level cutter frame (7-1) along the circumferential direction, each three-level crushing blade (7-2) is arranged on the three-level cutter frame (7-1) in a forward and backward inclined mode towards the same rotating direction, and the forward and backward inclined directions of the three-level crushing blades (7-2) are opposite to the forward and backward inclined directions of the two-level crushing blades (6-2).

2. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage pulverizing mill according to claim 1, wherein: two ends of the central shaft (8) are rotatably supported on the machine base (1) or end covers at two ends of the bin barrel (2) through first bearing seats (1-1), and the transmission shaft sleeve (9) is rotatably supported on the end cover of the bin barrel (2) close to the three-stage crushing cutter set (7) or the machine base (1) through second bearing seats (2-6).

3. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage crushing mill according to claim 2, wherein: the driving mechanism (3) comprises a first driving motor (3-1), a first transmission mechanism (3-2), a second driving motor (3-3) and a second transmission mechanism (3-4), the first driving motor (3-1) is in transmission connection with the central shaft (8) through the first transmission mechanism (3-2), the second driving motor (3-3) is in transmission connection with the transmission shaft sleeve (9) through the second transmission mechanism (3-4), and the driving ends of the central shaft (8) and the transmission shaft sleeve (9) are both located on one side far away from the feeding hole (2A).

4. The multi-stage crushing high-efficiency energy-saving flour mill according to claim 3, characterized in that: the motor power of the first driving motor (3-1) is larger than or equal to that of the second driving motor (3-3).

5. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage pulverizing mill according to claim 1, wherein: the bin barrel (2) adopts a jacket type structure, the feed inlet (2A) is eccentrically arranged on an end cover on one side, close to the primary crushing cutter group (4), of the bin barrel (2), and the discharge outlet (2B) is arranged on the bin barrel (2) along the tangential direction of the wall of the bin barrel (2).

6. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage pulverizing mill according to claim 1, wherein: the two-stage crushing cutter set (6) is at least provided with two groups in parallel along the axial direction, and the three-stage crushing cutter set (7) is at least provided with one group along the axial direction.

7. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage pulverizing mill according to claim 1, wherein: the sieve tray (5) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bin (2); or the screening disc (5) is fixedly arranged on the central shaft (8) or the primary crushing cutter group (4) or the secondary crushing cutter group (6); the aperture of a sieve pore (5-1) of the sieve tray (5) is 2 to 6mm; the center of one-level broken knife tackle (4) be equipped with one-level knife tackle axle sleeve (4-5), the center of the broken knife tackle of second grade (6) be equipped with second grade knife tackle axle sleeve (6-3), the broken knife tackle of one-level (4) fix the cover through one-level knife tackle axle sleeve (4-5) and locate on center pin (8), the broken knife tackle of second grade (6) fix the cover through second grade knife tackle axle sleeve (6-3) and locate on center pin (8).

8. A multi-stage pulverizing energy-efficient mill according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the primary crushing cutter set (4) is of a flail cutter type structure and comprises a primary cutter frame (4-1), a flail cutter shaft (4-2), primary crushing blades (4-3) and spacer bushes (4-4), wherein the flail cutter shaft (4-2) is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the primary cutter frame (4-1), a plurality of primary crushing blades (4-3) are axially and movably mounted on each flail cutter shaft (4-2), and the two axially adjacent primary crushing blades (4-3) are separated by the spacer bushes (4-4) sleeved on the corresponding flail cutter shaft (4-2).

9. The efficient and energy-saving multi-stage pulverizing mill according to claim 1, wherein: the front-back inclined angle alpha between the secondary crushing blade (6-2) and the secondary knife rest (6-1) is 15-30 degrees, and the front-back inclined angle alpha between the tertiary crushing blade (7-2) and the tertiary knife rest (7-1) is 15-30 degrees.

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