CN114130455B

CN114130455B - Coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114130455B
Application number: CN202111374427.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭永存; 骆启生; 李鑫; 王爽; 何磊; 刘普壮; 赵艳秋
Original assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2023-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-19
Also published as: CN114130455A

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device and a using method thereof, and the device comprises a crushing mechanism, wherein a power part of the crushing mechanism is connected with an overload prevention mechanism, a crushing part of the crushing mechanism is connected with an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism controls the crushing degree of coal gangue, the crushed coal gangue falls into a screening mechanism from the output end of the crushing mechanism, the screening mechanism separates the crushed coal gangue from residues, and the residues fall into a residue receiving mechanism from the residue discharging end of the screening mechanism for recovery; the invention can realize the crushing of coal and gangue in different degrees, can quickly separate and screen the coal and gangue and residues, reduces the occupied space of the device and improves the working efficiency.

Description

Coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical application, in particular to a coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device and a using method thereof.

Background

Coal is used as main energy of China, is the guarantee of economic growth, improvement of people living standard and national development, and statistics shows that the consumption of coal in China accounts for more than half of the total consumption of coal in the world, and the demand of coal can be continuously increased in a long period of time in the future. The size of the coal after mining is large, the coal is not suitable for being directly put into use, and the steps of crushing, screening, sorting and the like are needed, wherein the steps of crushing and screening the coal are the basis for reasonably and fully utilizing the coal and formulating the quality standard of the coal product.

Crushing and screening plant is one of the important component parts in the coal course of working, has the function with material crushing and screening, but traditional crushing device and screening plant generally are two independent individualities, need be with the material crushing earlier, and the rethread conveying system transports to the screening plant in, and whole process needs occupy great space, and it is longer to consume time moreover. And current screening plant is for vibratory screening mostly, needs vibrating motor as power, relies on the self gravity of vibration and material to transport, sieve, and not only inefficiency, with high costs, the during operation noise is great moreover, makes workman's operational environment relatively poor, consequently urgently waits to solve.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to avoid and overcome the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device and the use method thereof, which can realize crushing of coal gangue in different degrees, can quickly separate and screen the coal gangue and residues, reduce the occupied space of the device and improve the working efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device, includes crushing mechanism, the power portion of crushing mechanism is connected with anti-overload mechanism, and the crushing portion of crushing mechanism is connected with adjustment mechanism, and adjustment mechanism controls the crushing degree of coal gangue, falls into screening mechanism through kibbling coal gangue by crushing mechanism's output, and screening mechanism separates the coal gangue and the residue after smashing, and the residue falls into by screening mechanism's the end of slagging tap and connects the sediment mechanism to retrieve.

As a further scheme of the invention: the crushing mechanism comprises an outer shell, the inside broken mechanism that is equipped with of shell, the inside baffle that is provided with the downward sloping along shell length direction of shell, broken mechanism is including smashing the case, it sets up the top at the shell to smash the incasement portion, it is formed with the square passage of the downward sloping that sets up along shell length direction to smash incasement portion, the rectangular hole has been seted up along square passage length direction in square passage's bottom, rectangular hole evenly arranges along square passage width direction, square passage's bottom is equipped with the stripper plate, be equipped with the sawtooth layering that can pass the rectangular hole on the stripper plate, the sawtooth layering extrudees the coal gangue on square passage's the roof and then extrudees the crushing with the coal gangue, the middle section at the syllogic bent axle that sets up along square passage width direction is connected to the one end of stripper plate bottom, two sections are connected in the backup pad through the bearing frame about the syllogic bent axle, the backup pad is connected on the baffle with square passage bottom surface parallel arrangement, big bevel gear has been cup jointed to the one end of syllogic bent axle, the output of driving motor that sets up in the backup pad is equipped with little bevel gear, big bevel gear and little bevel gear intermeshing transmission, the other end and the swing joint of stripper plate bottom.

As a still further scheme of the invention: adjustment mechanism is including setting up the regulation base on the baffle, the square groove of the perpendicular baffle of opening direction has been seted up on the regulation base, square inslot is equipped with along the gliding T type piece of square groove opening direction, the bottom of T type piece is connected with the screw rod, the bottom of adjusting the base set up with screw rod complex screw hole, set up the through-hole that holds the screw rod and pass on the baffle, the top of T type piece is equipped with the cross axle along square passageway width direction, the spout of the one end of stripper plate bottom seted up along stripper plate length direction with cross axle sliding fit's rectangular shape, spout and cross axle sliding connection.

As a still further scheme of the invention: last window and lower window have been seted up respectively to the both ends of baffle, and the discharge gate of square passageway passes lower window, and the backup pad joint is in last window and the last face of backup pad flushes with the last face of baffle, and the backup pad is parallel to each other and follows the length direction downward sloping of baffle with the front and back joint face of baffle joint, and then makes the supporting seat can follow the joint face and slide.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the bottom of backup pad is equipped with anti-overload mechanism, anti-overload mechanism includes that bilateral symmetry sets up the pneumatic cylinder in the backup pad bottom, and the stiff end of pneumatic cylinder articulates on the back wall of shell, and the end that stretches out of pneumatic cylinder articulates the bottom at the backup pad, and the backup pad is being supported with invariable holding power to the pneumatic cylinder.

As a still further scheme of the invention: screening mechanism is including screening groove, screening groove sets up along shell length direction downward sloping, the upper end in screening groove is the discharge gate of square passageway, the bottom plate in screening groove is for having arranged the frid of type of falling V along screening groove length direction, the frid is evenly arranged along screening groove width direction, be equipped with the space of shaking off the residue between the adjacent frid, the bottom in screening groove is equipped with the rodless cylinder of connecting on two inside walls of shell along shell width direction, the cylinder slider of rodless cylinder is connected to the screening groove, the pressure-equalizing on the curb plate in screening groove and the two relative medial surfaces of shell is compressed there is the spring, the spring is evenly arranged along screening groove length direction.

As a still further scheme of the invention: connect sediment mechanism to include the sediment groove that connects that sets up along shell length direction downward sloping, the both sides face that connects the sediment groove links together with two medial surfaces of shell, connect the interior sediment inslot along connecing the sediment groove width direction to be provided with the slag scraper of triangular prism shape, a slag scraper prismatic face with connect the laminating of sediment groove bottom surface, bilateral symmetry is provided with step motor in the triangular prism shape's of the inside formation of slag scraper cavity, step motor's output is connected with the gear that extends the cavity, the both sides that connect the sediment groove are provided with along connecing sediment groove length direction with gear engagement's rack, gear and rack meshing transmission and then promote the slag scraper and remove along connecing sediment groove length direction.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the length direction along the shell on the both sides face of crushing case is provided with the card strip, be provided with on the shell with card strip matched with draw-in groove, card strip joint is in the draw-in groove, has seted up crushing through-hole on the lateral wall of crushing case discharge gate upper portion turn department, has seted up on the lateral wall of shell with smash through-hole complex shell through-hole, both ends are equipped with the screwed horizontal pole and pass crushing through-hole and shell through-hole and lie in the nut cooperation in the shell outside and fix crushing case on the shell.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the front end of shell is provided with U type cardboard, and the inside slot length direction of U type cardboard sets up along vertical direction, has seted up the cardboard spout along vertical direction on the board of the both sides of U type cardboard, cardboard spout and the bolt sliding connection who sets up on the shell, and U type cardboard supports the tip at crushing case tightly, and then the restriction is smashed the case and is followed the length direction roll-off shell forward of shell.

A use method of the coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device is characterized in that,

s1, judging extrusion force: the device is erected behind the coal and gangue conveying equipment, the coal and gangue conveying equipment conveys a mixture of coal, gangue and pulverized coal into a square channel of a crushing box, an extrusion plate is driven to do reciprocating extrusion motion under the action of a driving motor to extrude the coal and the gangue, meanwhile, extrusion force is fed back to a hydraulic cylinder of an overload protection mechanism, if the extrusion force is larger than a limited supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder, the overload protection mechanism works, the hydraulic cylinder contracts and drives the extrusion plate to move downwards until the extrusion force is restored to a normal range;

s2, crushing coal and gangue: s1, after the treatment is finished, continuously extruding the coal and the gangue in the square channel under the action of the action force of the extrusion plate in the vertical direction, continuously moving the crushed coal and gangue forward under the action of the action force of the extrusion plate in the horizontal direction, and changing the size of crushed particles by controlling an adjusting assembly at the bottom of the extrusion plate;

s3, screening materials: s2, after the treatment is finished, the crushed coal and the crushed gangue slide down to the screening groove along the square channel, the rodless cylinder works to drive the screening groove to reciprocate left and right, the coal and the gangue with the particle size smaller than the gap on the screening groove drop into the slag receiving groove, and the rest coal and gangue continue to move forward along the screening groove and are finally collected;

s4, treating the coal and the gangue slag: the rodless cylinder continues to work, crushed coal and waste rock screened out fall into the slag receiving groove, move forward along the length direction of the slag receiving groove under the action of self gravity, and after all materials are crushed, the stepping motor works to drive the slag scraping plate to move in the slag receiving groove to remove coal and waste rock residues attached to the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the coal and gangue can be crushed to different degrees through the crushing mechanism and the adjusting mechanism, and the coal and gangue and residues can be quickly separated and screened through the screening mechanism; the residue receiving mechanism can collect residues, so that the pollution of the residues to the environment is reduced, the residues can be recycled, and the resources are saved; by the aid of the overload prevention mechanism, the overload phenomenon can be timely processed in the working process, damage to the device due to overload is avoided, and the device can safely and stably operate; the integrated design of the device can reduce the occupied space of the device and improve the working efficiency.

2. According to the invention, the coal gangue can be crushed by matching the crushing box and the sawtooth pressing strips, and the crushing process is in the crushing channel, so that dust generated in the crushing process is prevented from diffusing in the air, and the environment and the health of workers are protected; the bevel gear set is stably and firmly matched for transmission, and the smooth operation of the crushing process is ensured.

3. According to the invention, through the matching of the bolt, the adjusting base and the T-shaped block, the distance between the extrusion plate and the square channel top plate can be quickly adjusted, so that the crushing degree of the coal and gangue is controlled; and the thread fit is more compact and stable, so that the distance between the extrusion plate and the square channel top plate is kept stable in the crushing process, and the size specifications of the crushed coal and gangue in the same batch are the same.

4. The supporting plate is clamped in the upper window of the partition plate, the contact surface is obliquely arranged, and when the overload phenomenon occurs, the supporting plate slides along the oblique contact surface, so that the supporting plate is prevented from being clamped on the partition plate, and the safe and stable operation of the device is ensured.

5. The pneumatic cylinder both ends are connected on backup pad and shell through articulated mode, and when taking place to transship, the overload phenomenon is eliminated in the pneumatic cylinder shrink to at the in-process of shrink, the face of backup pad is perpendicular the articulated rotatory plane of pneumatic cylinder all the time, plays certain guide effect to the backup pad, avoids the backup pad card to die on the baffle.

6. The crushing box is fixed at the top of the shell through the clamping strips, the cross rods and the U-shaped baffle plates, and is limited in multiple directions, so that the crushing box and the shell are prevented from relative displacement and sliding in the working process of the device, the stability and firmness are kept, and the smooth operation of the crushing work is ensured.

7. The invention cleans the residue on the bottom surface of the residue receiving groove through the residue scraping plate, cleans the residue in time, can avoid the accumulation of the residue and ensures the smooth operation of the crushing work.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a structure shown in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the screening mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a structural sectional view of the slag receiving mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the crushing box of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion press plate of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the housing of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method of use of the present invention.

11-shell 111-partition plate 112-clamping groove 113-cross rod 114-U-shaped clamping plate

21-crushing box 211-square channel 212-long hole 213-feeding port

214-discharge hole 215-clamping strip

22-extrusion plate 221-sawtooth pressing bar 222-sliding chute

23-support plate 231-three-section type crankshaft 232-driving motor

24-adjusting base 241-T-shaped block 242-screw 243-transverse shaft

31-sieving channel 311-channel plate 312-spring

32-rodless cylinder 321-cylinder sliding block

41-slag receiving groove 411-slag scraping plate 412-stepping motor 413-gear 414-rack

51-Hydraulic cylinder

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 11, in the embodiment of the invention, a gangue crushing and screening integrated device includes a rectangular parallelepiped housing 11, a partition 111 is disposed in a middle portion of the housing 11, and the partition 111 is disposed to be inclined downward along a length direction of the housing 11. The partition 111 partitions the inside of the housing 11 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and a crushing mechanism is installed inside the upper cavity. And the front and rear ends of the partition 111 are respectively provided with an upper window and a lower window.

The crushing mechanism includes a crushing box 21, the crushing box 21 is disposed at the top of the housing 11, and a main body portion of the crushing box 21 is inclined downward in the length direction of the housing 11. Clamping strips 215 are horizontally arranged on two sides of the crushing box 21, and clamping grooves 112 matched with the clamping strips 215 are arranged on two sides of the shell 11. The clamping strip 215 is clamped in the clamping groove 112, and two outer side surfaces of the crushing box 21 are tightly attached to two inner side surfaces of the shell 11, so that the crushing box 21 is limited to move in the vertical direction. In order to fix the pulverizing box 21 on the top of the housing 11, pulverizing through holes are opened on the side wall of the upper turning part of the discharging port 214 of the pulverizing box 21, and housing through holes are opened on the corresponding position of the housing 11. A cross rod 113 with threads at two ends penetrates through the crushing through hole and the shell through hole, nuts are connected to two ends of the cross rod 113, the nuts abut against the shell 11, and then movement of the crushing box 21 in the length direction of the shell 11 is limited. The crush boxes 21 are securely fixed to the top of the housing 11 by the engagement of the snap strips 215 and the cross bar 113.

In order to further firmly fix the crush box 21 to the housing 11, a U-shaped card plate 114 is provided at the front end of the housing 11, and the groove length direction of the engaging groove formed inside the U-shaped card plate 114 extends in the vertical direction. The side wall of the front end of the shell 11, which is located below the through hole of the shell 11, is connected with a bolt perpendicular to the side surface of the shell 11, and two side plates of the U-shaped clamping plate 114 are provided with clamping plate sliding grooves along the vertical direction. The spiral shell card cup joints in the cardboard spout, and U type cardboard 114 slides from top to bottom along the groove length direction of cardboard spout to the inside bottom surface of U type cardboard 114 supports tightly on crushing case 21's preceding terminal surface, and the further restriction is smashed case 21 and is slided around in shell 11, ensures going on smoothly of crushing work.

A square passage 211 inclined downward in the longitudinal direction of the housing 11 is formed inside the pulverizing box 21. The bottom of the square channel 211 is provided with long holes 212 along the length direction of the square channel 211, and the long holes 212 are uniformly arranged along the width direction of the square channel 211. A pressing plate 22 is arranged below the square channel 211, and a sawtooth pressing strip 221 which can penetrate through the long strip hole 212 is arranged on the pressing plate 22. The length of the sawtooth pressing strip 221 is smaller than that of the strip hole 212, so that the sawtooth pressing strip 221 can generate certain displacement along the length direction of the strip hole 212 without interference, and the smooth operation of the crushing work is ensured. The width of the serrated bead 221 is the same as that of the elongated hole 212, so that excessive crushing residues are prevented from being shaken down onto the pressing plate 22 through a gap between the serrated bead 221 and the elongated hole 212. The sawtooth pressing strips 221 extrude the coal gangue falling into the square channel 211 from the feeding port 213 of the crushing box 21 to the top plate of the square channel 211 so as to extrude and crush the coal gangue, and then roll the coal gangue to the screening mechanism from the discharging port 214 penetrating through the lower window.

The power of the compression plate 22 is derived from the power section. The power portion includes a three-section crankshaft 231 disposed at one end of the bottom of the squeeze plate 22 along the width direction of the square passage 211, and the squeeze plate 22 is connected to the middle section of the three-section crankshaft 231. The left section and the right section of the three-section crankshaft 231 are connected to the supporting plate 23 through bearing seats, a large bevel gear is sleeved on the right section of the three-section crankshaft 231, and a small bevel gear in meshing transmission with the large bevel gear is arranged at the output end of a driving motor 232 arranged on the supporting plate 23. The extrusion plate 22 is driven by the driving motor 232 to crush the coal gangue.

The support plate 23 is clamped in the upper window, and the upper plate surface of the support plate 23 is flush with the upper plate surface of the partition plate 111, which indicates that the support plate 23 is installed in place. The front and rear clamping surfaces of the supporting plate 23 clamped with the partition 111 are parallel to each other and incline downwards along the length direction of the partition 111, so that the supporting seat can slide along the clamping surfaces. The inclined surface structure can prevent the support plate 23 from being clamped on the partition plate 111 when the extrusion plate 22 is overloaded, and ensure the safety of the working process.

The overload prevention mechanism is provided at the bottom of the support plate 23. The overload prevention mechanism comprises hydraulic cylinders 51 which are arranged at the bottom of the support plate 23 in a bilateral symmetry mode, the fixed ends of the hydraulic cylinders 51 are hinged to the rear wall surface of the shell 11, the extending ends of the hydraulic cylinders 51 are hinged to the bottom of the support plate 23, the hydraulic cylinders 51 support the support plate 23 with constant supporting force, and therefore the upper plate surface of the support plate 23 and the upper plate surface of the partition plate 111 are kept on the same plane, and the stability of the extrusion plate 22 is further maintained. When the extrusion plate 22 works, hard coal and gangue is clamped between the sawtooth pressing strips 221 and the top plate of the square passage 211, the pressure of the sawtooth pressing strips 221 exceeds the preset supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder 51, the hydraulic cylinder 51 contracts, the distance between the sawtooth pressing strips 221 and the top plate is increased, and the clamped coal and gangue falls onto the screening mechanism to be crushed again. After the overload phenomenon is eliminated, the hydraulic cylinder 51 recovers the preset supporting force, so that the upper plate surface of the supporting plate 23 and the upper plate surface of the partition plate 111 recover the same plane, thereby maintaining the stable operation of the extrusion plate 22.

In order to make the device capable of meeting the requirements of different crushing degrees, an adjusting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the extrusion plate 22. The adjusting mechanism comprises a cuboid adjusting base 24 fixed on the partition board 111 through a bolt, and a square groove with an opening direction perpendicular to the partition board 111 is formed in the adjusting base 24. The T-shaped block 241 sliding along the opening direction of the square groove is arranged in the square groove, the bottom of the T-shaped block 241 is rotatably connected with a screw 242, the bottom of the adjusting base 24 is provided with a threaded hole matched with the screw 242, and the partition plate 111 is provided with a through hole for the screw 242 to pass through. The screw 242 rotates around its axis and pushes the T-block 241 to slide in the square groove by engaging with the thread of the threaded hole. The top of the T-shaped block 241 is provided with a transverse shaft 243 along the width direction of the square channel 211, and one end of the bottom of the extrusion plate 22 is provided with a long strip-shaped sliding groove 222 which is in sliding fit with the transverse shaft 243 along the length direction of the extrusion plate 22. When the pressing plate 22 is in operation, the sliding slot 222 is slidably connected with the transverse shaft 243. Under the combined action of the power part and the adjusting mechanism, the coal and gangue are crushed, and the crushing degree of the coal and gangue is controlled through the adjusting mechanism.

The crushed gangue rolls down to the screening mechanism from the discharge port 214 of the square passage 211. The residue falling from the elongated hole 212 onto the pressing plate 22 slides down along the pressing plate 22 under the vibration of the power unit, and finally falls into the sieving mechanism through the lower window.

The screening mechanism comprises a screening groove 31, the screening groove 31 is obliquely downwards arranged along the length direction of the shell 11, the oblique direction of the screening groove 31 is opposite to the oblique direction of the square channel 211, and then the square channel 211 and the screening groove 31 form a zigzag structure, the length of the shell 11 is reduced, and the utilization rate of the inner space of the shell 11 is increased. The bottom plate of the sieving tank 31 is an inverted V-shaped groove plate 311 arranged along the length direction of the sieving tank 31, and the groove plate 311 is uniformly arranged along the width direction of the sieving tank 31. By using the inverted-V-shaped slot plates 311, the crushed coal gangue can roll along the V-shaped slots formed between the adjacent slot plates 311, and the rolling ordering is ensured to a certain extent. Gaps for shaking off residues are formed between the adjacent slot plates 311, and the residues can fall into the residue receiving mechanism for recycling through the gaps.

The bottom of screening groove 31 is equipped with along shell 11 width direction and connects the no pole cylinder 32 on two inside walls of shell 11, and screening groove 31 is connected on the cylinder slider 321 of no pole cylinder 32, and the equal compression has spring 312 on the relative two medial surfaces of curb plate and shell 11 of screening groove 31, and spring 312 evenly arranges along screening groove 31 length direction. Under the combined action of the rodless cylinder 32 and the spring 312, the residual adhered to the surface of the coal gangue can be vibrated down, and the coal gangue adhered together can be separated, so that the coal gangue can be conveniently collected.

The slag receiving mechanism comprises a slag receiving groove 41 which is obliquely arranged along the length direction of the shell 11, and the oblique direction of the slag receiving mechanism is opposite to the oblique direction of the screening mechanism, so that the slag receiving mechanism and the screening mechanism form a zigzag structure, the length of the shell 11 is reduced, and the utilization rate of the inner space of the shell 11 is increased.

The two side surfaces of the slag receiving groove 41 are connected with the two inner side surfaces of the shell 11, so that the slag is prevented from falling into the bottom of the shell 11 through a gap. A triangular prism-shaped slag scraping plate 411 is arranged in the slag receiving groove 41 along the width direction of the slag receiving groove 41, and a prismatic surface of the slag scraping plate 411 is attached to the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove 41, so that the slag on the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove 41 can be cleaned. Step motors 412 are symmetrically arranged in a triangular prism-shaped cavity formed in the slag scraping plate 411 in a left-right mode, the output end of each step motor 412 is connected with a gear 413, the gears 413 extend out of the cavity and are meshed with racks 414 arranged on two sides of the slag receiving groove 41 in the length direction of the slag receiving groove 41, and the racks 414 of the gears 413 are meshed for transmission so as to push the slag scraping plate 411 to move in the length direction of the slag receiving groove 41.

A use method of the coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device comprises the following specific steps:

s1, judging extrusion force: the device is erected behind the coal gangue conveying equipment, the coal gangue conveying equipment conveys the mixture of coal, gangue and pulverized coal into the square channel 211 of the crushing box 21, and the extrusion plate 22 is driven to do reciprocating extrusion motion under the action of the driving motor 232 so as to extrude the coal and the gangue. The extrusion force is fed back to a hydraulic cylinder 51 of the overload protection mechanism, if the extrusion force is larger than the limited supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder 51, the overload protection mechanism works, the hydraulic cylinder 51 contracts and drives a supporting plate 23 to move downwards, so that an extrusion plate 22 moves downwards, the distance between a sawtooth pressing strip 221 and the top plate of the square channel 211 is further increased, when the extrusion force returns to a normal range or coal and gangue which are hard and cannot be crushed fall out of the square channel 211, the extrusion plate 22 returns to the original position again, and the device continues crushing;

s2, crushing coal and gangue: after the S1 processing is finished, continuously extruding the coal and the gangue in the square channel 211 under the action of the vertical direction action force of the sawtooth pressing strips 221 on the extrusion plate 22; meanwhile, under the action of the horizontal force of the sawtooth pressing strips 221, the crushed coal and gangue continuously move forwards, and the crushed coal, gangue and residues fall out of the square channel 211 and fall onto the screening mechanism. In order to achieve different crushing degrees, the distance between the sawtooth pressing strips 221 and the top plate of the square channel 211 is adjusted by controlling an adjusting assembly at the bottom of the extrusion plate 22, so that the purpose of controlling the size of crushed particles is achieved;

s3, screening materials: after S2 is finished, the crushed coal and gangue slide into the screening groove 31 along the square channel 211, and the rodless cylinder 32 works to drive the screening groove 31 to reciprocate left and right. At the moment, the coal, the gangue and the residues with the particle sizes smaller than the gap of the slot plate 311 fall into the slag receiving slot 41, and the residual coal and the gangue continuously move forwards along the screening slot 31 and are finally collected;

s4, treating the coal and the gangue slag: the rodless cylinder 32 continues to work, and the screened crushed coal and gangue fall into the slag receiving groove 41 and move forward along the length direction of the slag receiving groove 41 under the action of self gravity. After all the materials are crushed, the stepping motor 412 works to drive the slag scraping plate 411 to move in the slag receiving groove 41, so as to remove the coal and gangue residues attached to the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove 41.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal and gangue crushing and screening integrated device is characterized by comprising a crushing mechanism, wherein a power part of the crushing mechanism is connected with an overload prevention mechanism, a crushing part of the crushing mechanism is connected with an adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism controls the crushing degree of coal and gangue, the crushed coal and gangue fall into a screening mechanism from the output end of the crushing mechanism, the screening mechanism separates the crushed coal and gangue, and the gangue falls into a slag receiving mechanism from the slag outlet end of the screening mechanism for recovery;

the device comprises a shell (11), a crushing mechanism is arranged inside the shell (11), a downward-inclined partition plate (111) is arranged inside the shell (11) along the length direction of the shell (11), the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing box (21), the crushing box (21) is arranged at the top of the shell (11), a downward-inclined square channel (211) arranged along the length direction of the shell (11) is formed inside the crushing box (21), a strip hole (212) is formed in the bottom of the square channel (211) along the length direction of the square channel (211), the strip holes (212) are uniformly arranged along the width direction of the square channel (211), an extrusion plate (22) is arranged at the bottom of the square channel (211), be equipped with sawtooth layering (221) that can pass long rectangular hole (212) on stripper plate (22), sawtooth layering (221) are extruded the coal gangue to the roof of square passageway (211) on and then are smashed the extrusion of coal gangue, the middle section of syllogic bent axle (231) that sets up along square passageway (211) width direction is connected to the one end of stripper plate (22) bottom, two sections pass through the bearing frame and connect in backup pad (23) about syllogic bent axle (231), backup pad (23) are connected on baffle (111) with square passageway (211) bottom surface parallel arrangement, the one end of syllogic bent axle (231) has been cup jointed big bevel gear, the output of driving motor (232) of setting on backup pad (23) is equipped with little awl gear The gear, the big bevel gear and the small bevel gear are in meshed transmission, and the other end of the bottom of the extrusion plate (22) is movably connected with the adjusting mechanism;

adjustment mechanism is including setting up regulation base (24) on baffle (111), the square groove of the perpendicular baffle of opening direction (111) is seted up on regulation base (24), square inslot is equipped with along the gliding T type piece (241) of square groove opening direction, the bottom of T type piece (241) is connected with screw rod (242), adjust the bottom of base (24) and seted up with screw rod (242) complex screw hole, set up the through-hole that holds screw rod (242) and pass on baffle (111), the top of T type piece (241) is equipped with cross axle (243) along square passage (211) width direction, spout (222) of the rectangular shape with cross axle (243) sliding fit are seted up along stripper plate (22) length direction to the one end of stripper plate (22) bottom, spout (222) and cross axle (243) sliding connection.

2. The coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ends of the partition plate (111) are respectively provided with an upper window and a lower window, a discharge hole (214) of the square channel (211) penetrates through the lower window, the support plate (23) is clamped in the upper window, the upper plate surface of the support plate (23) is flush with the upper plate surface of the partition plate (111), and the front clamping surface and the rear clamping surface of the support plate (23) clamped with the partition plate (111) are parallel to each other and are inclined downwards along the length direction of the partition plate (111), so that the support seat can slide along the clamping surface.

3. The coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom of the supporting plate (23) is provided with an overload prevention mechanism, the overload prevention mechanism comprises hydraulic cylinders (51) which are arranged at the bottom of the supporting plate (23) in a bilateral symmetry manner, the fixed ends of the hydraulic cylinders (51) are hinged on the rear wall surface of the shell (11), the extending ends of the hydraulic cylinders (51) are hinged at the bottom of the supporting plate (23), and the supporting plate (23) is supported by the hydraulic cylinders (51) with constant supporting force.

4. The coal and gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the screening mechanism comprises a screening groove (31), the screening groove (31) is arranged in a downward inclination manner along the length direction of the casing (11), the upper end of the screening groove (31) is a discharge hole (214) of a square channel (211), the bottom plate of the screening groove (31) is a groove plate (311) with an inverted V shape arranged along the length direction of the screening groove (31), the groove plate (311) is uniformly arranged along the width direction of the screening groove (31), a gap for shaking off residues is arranged between adjacent groove plates (311), the bottom of the screening groove (31) is provided with a rodless cylinder (32) connected to two inner side walls of the casing (11) along the width direction of the casing (11), the screening groove (31) is connected to a cylinder sliding block (321) of the rodless cylinder (32), springs (312) are compressed on two opposite inner side surfaces of the side plates of the screening groove (31) and the casing (11), and the springs (312) are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the screening groove (31).

5. The coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the slag receiving mechanism comprises a slag receiving groove (41) which is obliquely arranged along the length direction of the shell (11), two side surfaces of the slag receiving groove (41) are connected with two inner side surfaces of the shell (11), a triangular prism-shaped slag scraping plate (411) is arranged in the slag receiving groove (41) along the width direction of the slag receiving groove (41), a prism surface of the slag scraping plate (411) is attached to the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove (41), stepping motors (412) are symmetrically arranged in a triangular prism-shaped cavity formed in the slag scraping plate (411) in a left-right mode, the output end of each stepping motor (412) is connected with a gear (413) extending out of the cavity, racks (414) meshed with the gears (413) are arranged on two sides of the slag receiving groove (41) along the length direction of the slag receiving groove (41), and the racks (414) of the gears (413) are meshed for transmission so as to push the slag scraping plate (411) to move along the length direction of the slag receiving groove (41).

6. The coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 5, wherein clamping strips (215) are arranged on two side faces of the crushing box (21) along the length direction of the shell (11), clamping grooves (112) matched with the clamping strips (215) are formed in the shell (11), the clamping strips (215) are clamped in the clamping grooves (112), crushing through holes are formed in the side wall of the turning position of the upper portion of a discharge hole (214) of the crushing box (21), shell (11) through holes matched with the crushing through holes are formed in the side wall of the shell (11), and cross rods (113) with threads at two ends penetrate through the crushing through holes and the shell (11) through holes to be matched with nuts located on the outer side of the shell (11) to fix the crushing box (21) on the shell (11).

7. The coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a U-shaped clamping plate (114) is arranged at the front end of the outer shell (11), the length direction of a groove inside the U-shaped clamping plate (114) is arranged along the vertical direction, clamping plate sliding grooves are formed in two side plates of the U-shaped clamping plate (114) along the vertical direction, the clamping plate sliding grooves are in sliding connection with bolts arranged on the outer shell, and the U-shaped clamping plate (114) abuts against the end part of the crushing box so as to limit the crushing box from sliding out of the outer shell forwards along the length direction of the outer shell.

8. The use method of the coal gangue crushing and screening integrated device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7,

s1, judging extrusion force: the device is erected behind the coal gangue conveying equipment, the coal gangue conveying equipment conveys a mixture of coal, gangue and coal powder into a square channel (211) of a crushing box (21), under the action of a driving motor (232), an extrusion plate (22) is driven to do reciprocating extrusion motion to extrude the coal and the gangue, meanwhile, extrusion force is fed back to a hydraulic cylinder (51) of an overload protection mechanism, if the extrusion force is larger than limited supporting force of the hydraulic cylinder (51), the overload protection mechanism works, the hydraulic cylinder (51) contracts to drive the extrusion plate (22) to move downwards until the extrusion force is restored to a normal range;

s2, crushing coal and gangue: after S1, under the action of the vertical direction force of the extrusion plate (22), continuously extruding the coal and the gangue in the square channel (211), simultaneously, under the action of the horizontal direction force of the extrusion plate (22), continuously moving the crushed coal and gangue forwards, and changing the size of crushed particles by controlling an adjusting assembly at the bottom of the extrusion plate (22);

s3, screening materials: s2, after the treatment is finished, the crushed coal and the crushed gangue slide down to the screening groove (31) along the square channel (211), the rodless cylinder (32) works to drive the screening groove (31) to reciprocate left and right, the coal and the gangue with the particle size smaller than the gap on the screening groove (31) fall into the slag receiving groove (41), and the rest coal and gangue continue to move forwards along the screening groove (31) and are finally collected;

s4, treating the coal and the gangue slag: the rodless cylinder (32) continues to work, crushed coal and gangue which are screened out fall into the slag receiving groove (41), move forwards along the length direction of the slag receiving groove (41) under the action of self gravity, and after all materials are crushed, the stepping motor (412) works to drive the slag scraping plate (411) to move in the slag receiving groove (41) so as to remove coal and gangue residues attached to the bottom surface of the slag receiving groove (41).