CN114127661A - Pulse width modulation and voltage test signal for fan type detection - Google Patents
Pulse width modulation and voltage test signal for fan type detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114127661A CN114127661A CN201980098733.4A CN201980098733A CN114127661A CN 114127661 A CN114127661 A CN 114127661A CN 201980098733 A CN201980098733 A CN 201980098733A CN 114127661 A CN114127661 A CN 114127661A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/489—Digital circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
- G06F1/206—Cooling means comprising thermal management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20209—Thermal management, e.g. fan control
Abstract
An example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium includes instructions for determining whether a cooling fan is Pulse Wave Modulation (PWM) controlled or voltage controlled. When executed, the instructions cause a processor of a computing device to transmit first and second PWM test signals at different PWM duty cycles to a fan connector connected to a cooling fan, receive first and second fan speed signals in response, and determine that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan when the first fan speed signal is not equal to the second fan speed signal. The instructions also cause the processor to transmit first and second voltage test signals at different voltages to the fan connector, receive a third fan and a fourth speed signal in response, and determine that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan when the third fan speed signal is not equal to the fourth fan speed signal.
Description
Background
The cooling fan of the desktop or laptop computer may be a three pin voltage controlled fan or a four pin fan controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The voltage controlled fan may be controlled to operate at different fan speeds based on the voltage transmitted to the fan. Similarly, the PWM controlled fan may be controlled to operate at different fan speeds based on the PWM duty cycle transmitted to the fan. The motherboard of a computer typically includes a universal four-pin fan connector that can be used to operate with both types of cooling fans as long as it is known which type of fan is connected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor of a computing device to determine whether a cooling fan connected to a fan connector is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor of a computing device to determine whether a cooling fan connected to a fan connector is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan.
Fig. 3 is an example decision matrix for ultimately determining whether a cooling fan connected to a fan connector is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan based on a preliminary determination.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example apparatus that includes a cooling fan, a fan connector connected to the cooling fan, and an embedded controller that determines whether the cooling fan is a PWM-controlled fan or a voltage-controlled fan.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another example apparatus that includes a cooling fan, a fan connector connected to the cooling fan, and an embedded controller that determines whether the cooling fan is a PWM-controlled fan or a voltage-controlled fan, and that also includes a voltage-controlled (VC) fan controller that transmits a voltage test signal to the cooling fan.
Detailed Description
The fan connector of a desktop or laptop computer can typically be interchangeably operated with a three pin voltage controlled cooling fan or a four pin PWM controlled cooling fan, as long as it is known which type of fan is connected to the fan connector. Thus, computers typically include Embedded Controllers (ECs) on the motherboard that connect to the fan connectors to determine the type of fan connected to them. Such ECs may include various signal testing systems to perform a test procedure to determine which type of fan is connected to a particular fan connector. Such test systems may include expensive electronic components and circuitry, and such test procedures may be computationally intensive. Furthermore, such test procedures may fail in the event of a failure of the fan being tested.
An embedded controller is provided that tests a fan connector for a connected fan type by conducting a PWM control test, conducting a voltage control test, and determining the connected fan type based on a combination of test results. Such testing can be performed without expensive electronic components and circuitry, without computationally intensive test procedures, and includes redundancy to determine whether the fan is PWM controlled, voltage controlled, or faulty.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium 100. The storage medium stores instructions that cause a processor of a computing device to determine whether a cooling fan connected to a fan connector is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan. The computing device may include a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or any other computing device capable of operating with a four-pin PWM controlled fan and a three-pin voltage controlled fan via a fan connector that may be connected to any type of cooling fan. The processor may include an embedded controller connected to a motherboard of the computing device to which the fan connector is connected.
The storage medium 100 includes PWM test signal transmission instructions 102 to cause the processor to transmit first and second PWM test signals at different PWM duty cycles to a fan connector connected to the cooling fan.
The unit of the PWM duty cycle may be a percentage from 0% to 100%. The first and second PWM test signals are sufficiently different such that the cooling fan can be expected to operate at a different fan speed when the first PWM test signal is received than when the second PWM test signal is received. For example, the first PWM test signal may be at a 50% duty cycle and the second PWM test signal may be at a 25% duty cycle.
The storage medium 100 also includes fan speed signal receiving instructions 104 to cause the processor to receive a first fan speed signal responsive to the first PWM test signal and a second fan speed signal responsive to the second PWM test signal.
The fan speed signal may include an indication of the cooling fan Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) or the like. The first and second fan speed signals may be stored in a memory of a processor or computing device for further calculations. For example, the first fan speed signal may be stored as "a" RPM and the second fan speed signal may be stored as "B" RPM.
The storage medium 100 also includes PWM control determination instructions 106 to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan when the first fan speed signal is not equal to the second fan speed signal. For example, if the "A" RPM is not equal to the "B" RPM, it is determined that the cooling fan is a PWM-controlled fan. Conversely, when the first fan speed signal is equal to the second fan speed signal, it may also be determined that the cooling fan is not a PWM controlled fan, and is therefore a voltage controlled fan. This determination may be a preliminary determination that is to be verified by further voltage control tests.
The storage medium 100 also includes voltage test signal transmission instructions 108 to cause the processor to transmit first and second voltage test signals at different voltages to the fan connector.
The voltage test signal may be a Direct Current (DC) voltage and may have a unit of volts (V) suitable for operating the cooling fan. For example, if the cooling fan is operating between 0 and 12V and the processor transmits the voltage test signal directly to the fan connector, the voltage test signal may be between 0 and 12V. In another example, if the cooling fan is operating between 0 and 12V and the processor is connected to a Voltage Controlled (VC) fan controller that amplifies the voltage control signal for transmission to the fan connector, the processor may submit a voltage control signal between 0 and 3V to the VC fan controller, resulting in a voltage test signal between 0 and 12V at the fan connector.
The first and second voltage test signals are sufficiently different such that the cooling fan can be expected to operate at a different fan speed when the first voltage test signal is received than when the second voltage test signal is received. For example, if the processor is connected to the VC fan controller to transmit a voltage test signal, the processor may transmit a voltage control signal at a voltage of 1.5V to the VC fan controller corresponding to a first voltage test signal of 6V at the fan connector, and the processor may transmit a voltage control signal of 3V to the VC fan controller corresponding to a second voltage test signal of 12V at the fan connector.
The storage medium 100 also includes fan speed signal receiving instructions 110 to cause the processor to receive a third fan speed signal responsive to the first voltage test signal and a fourth fan speed signal responsive to the second voltage test signal. The third and fourth fan speed signals may be stored in a memory of a processor or computing device for further calculations. For example, the third fan speed signal may be stored as "C" RPM and the fourth fan speed signal may be stored as "D" RPM.
The storage medium 100 also includes voltage control determination instructions 112 to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan when the third fan speed signal is not equal to the fourth fan speed signal. For example, if the "C" RPM is not equal to the "D" RPM, then it is determined that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan. Conversely, when the third fan speed signal is equal to the fourth fan speed signal, it may also be determined that the cooling fan is not a voltage controlled fan and is therefore a PWM controlled fan.
As with the PWM control determination, the voltage control determination may be a preliminary determination that will be verified by further PWM control tests. It is emphasized that the PWM control test and the voltage control test can be tested in any order, as long as both forms of control are tested for redundancy. With this redundancy, the processor can determine whether the preliminary PWM control or voltage control determination is due to a fault in the cooling fan, rather than the PWM control or voltage control.
Accordingly, the storage medium 100 may further include fault determination instructions to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is faulty when the first and second fan speed signals are not equal and the third and fourth fan speed signals are not equal. Additionally, the storage medium may further include fault determination instructions to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is faulty when the first and second fan speed signals are equal and the third and fourth fan speed signals are equal.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium 200. The storage medium 200 stores instructions that cause a processor of the computing device to determine whether a cooling fan connected to a fan connector is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan. The computing device may include a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or any other computing device capable of operating with a four-pin PWM controlled fan and a three-pin voltage controlled fan via a fan connector that may be connected to any type of cooling fan. The processor may include an embedded controller connected to a motherboard of the computing device to which the fan connector is connected.
The storage medium 200 includes fan speed signal monitoring instructions 202 to cause a processor to monitor a fan speed signal received from a fan connector connected to a cooling fan. The fan speed signal may include an indication of the RPM of the cooling fan or the like.
The storage medium 200 also includes PWM control preliminary determination instructions 204 to cause the processor to cause different PWM test signals at different PWM duty cycles to be transmitted to the cooling fan through the fan connector, and to preliminarily determine that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan if a change in the fan speed signal is monitored while the PWM test signals at the different PWM duty cycles are transmitted to the cooling fan. Thus, the PWM control preliminary determination instructions 204 may be similar to the instructions 102, 104, and 106 of the storage medium 100 of fig. 1.
The storage medium 200 also includes voltage control preliminary determination instructions 206 to cause the processor to cause transmission of different voltage test signals at different voltages to the cooling fan through the fan connector, and to preliminarily determine that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan if a fan speed signal change is monitored while the voltage test signals at the different voltages are transmitted to the cooling fan. Thus, the voltage control preliminary determination instructions 206 may be similar to instructions 108, 110, and 112 of the storage medium 100 of fig. 1.
The storage medium 200 also includes PWM control finalization instructions 208 to cause the processor to finalize that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan if and without preliminarily determining that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan. The storage medium 200 also includes voltage control finalization instructions 210 to cause the processor to finalize that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan if and without preliminarily determining that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan.
Further, the storage medium 200 may further include instructions to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is faulty if it is preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the PWM-controlled fan and it is also preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the voltage-controlled fan. Further, the storage medium 200 may further include instructions to cause the processor to determine that the cooling fan is malfunctioning without preliminary determining that the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan and without preliminary determining that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan.
The test procedure described above provides redundancy such that the processor determines whether the PWM test and the voltage test do indicate that the cooling fan is PWM controlled, voltage controlled, or whether the test results indicate that the cooling fan is malfunctioning. The decision logic may be instantiated in a decision matrix stored in a memory of a processor or computing device. Fig. 3 provides an example of such a decision matrix 300. After making a preliminary determination of whether the cooling fan is PWM controlled or voltage controlled, the processor of the computing device may reference decision matrix 300 to arrive at a final determination as to whether the cooling fan is PWM controlled, voltage controlled, or if the cooling fan is malfunctioning.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example device 400. Apparatus 400 includes a cooling fan 402, a fan connector 404 connected to cooling fan 402, and an embedded controller 406 that determines whether cooling fan 402 is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan. The device 400 may be part of a computing device such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or any other computing device capable of operating with a four-pin PWM controlled fan and a three-pin voltage controlled fan through a fan connector that may be connected to either type of cooling fan. The embedded controller 406 may be embedded in the motherboard of such a computing device.
Cooling fan 402 cools apparatus 400. For example, if device 400 is part of a desktop computer, cooling fan 402 may be a chassis fan to cool and provide general cooling to the computer.
The embedded controller 406 is to monitor the fan speed signal, make a preliminary determination of whether the cooling fan 402 is PWM controlled or voltage controlled, and make a final determination based on the preliminary determination.
Embedded controller 406 tests whether the fan speed signal changes in response to cooling fan 402 receiving a different PWM test signal to initially determine whether cooling fan 402 is a PWM controlled fan. These tests for PWM control may be similar to instructions 102, 104, and 106 of fig. 1, or instruction 204 of fig. 2.
Embedded controller 406 also tests whether the fan speed signal changes in response to cooling fan 402 receiving a different voltage test signal to initially determine whether cooling fan 402 is a voltage controlled fan. These tests for voltage control may be similar to instructions 108, 110, and 112 of FIG. 1, or instruction 206 of FIG. 2.
The embedded controller 406 also finally determines whether the cooling fan 402 is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan based on the preliminary determination. The final determination may be similar to instructions 208 or 210 of fig. 2. Further, a final determination may be made with reference to a decision matrix (such as decision matrix 300 of FIG. 3) stored in a memory of device 400, including a determination as to whether cooling fan 402 is faulty. Thus, the embedded controller 406 may also determine that the cooling fan is malfunctioning when the preliminary determinations are in conflict.
After the test, embedded controller 406 may continue to operate cooling fan 402 according to PWM control when cooling fan 402 is determined to be PWM controlled, or embedded controller 406 may continue to operate cooling fan 402 according to voltage control when cooling fan 402 is determined to be voltage controlled.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another example apparatus 500 that includes a cooling fan 502, a fan connector 504 connected to the cooling fan 502, and an embedded controller that determines whether the cooling fan 502 is a PWM controlled fan or a voltage controlled fan. The device 500 may be similar to the device 400 of fig. 4, and thus reference may be made to the cooling fan 402, the fan connector 404, and the embedded controller 406 of fig. 4 for further description of the cooling fan 502, the fan connector 504, and the embedded controller 506.
In contrast to device 400 of fig. 4, device 500 also includes a Voltage Controlled (VC) fan controller to provide power to cooling fan 502 through fan connector 504. In addition, embedded controller 506 causes VC fan controller 508 to power cooling fan 502 with different voltage test signals to test whether cooling fan 502 changes fan speed in response to cooling fan 502 receiving the different voltage test signals. Thus, while embedded controller 506 transmits PWM test signals directly to fan connector 504, embedded controller 506 transmits voltage test signals to fan connector 504 through VC fan controller 508.
Thus, it should be appreciated that cooling fans can be tested to determine whether they are PWM controlled, voltage controlled or malfunctioning without the need for expensive electronic components and circuitry, without the need for computationally intensive test procedures, and with inherent redundancy to achieve reliable testing.
It should be appreciated that the features and aspects of the various examples provided above may be combined into other examples that also fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the above examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.
Claims (15)
1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a processor of a computing device to:
transmitting first and second Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) test signals at different PWM duty ratios to a fan connector connected to a cooling fan;
receiving a first fan speed signal responsive to the first PWM test signal and a second fan speed signal responsive to the second PWM test signal;
when the first fan speed signal is not equal to the second fan speed signal, determining that the cooling fan is a PWM control fan;
transmitting first and second voltage test signals at different voltages to a fan connector;
receiving a third fan speed signal responsive to the first voltage test signal and a fourth fan speed signal responsive to the second voltage test signal; and
when the third fan speed signal is not equal to the fourth fan speed signal, determining that the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan.
2. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
when the first and second fan speed signals are not equal and the third and fourth fan speed signals are not equal, determining that the cooling fan is malfunctioning.
3. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
when the first and second fan speed signals are equal and the third and fourth fan speed signals are equal, it is determined that the cooling fan is malfunctioning.
4. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
the first and second voltage test signals are transmitted through a Voltage Controlled (VC) fan controller connected to the fan connector.
5. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a processor of a computing device to:
monitoring a fan speed signal received from a fan connector connected to the cooling fan;
transmitting different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) test signals at different PWM duty ratios to a cooling fan through a fan connector, and preliminarily determining the cooling fan as a PWM control fan if a change in a fan speed signal is monitored while the PWM test signals at the different PWM duty ratios are transmitted to the cooling fan;
transmitting different voltage test signals at different voltages to the cooling fan through the fan connector, and preliminarily determining the cooling fan as a voltage control fan if a change in a fan speed signal is monitored while the voltage test signals at the different voltages are transmitted to the cooling fan;
finally determining that the cooling fan is the PWM-controlled fan if it is preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the PWM-controlled fan and it has not been preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the voltage-controlled fan; and
if it is preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the voltage-controlled fan and it has not been preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the PWM-controlled fan, it is finally determined that the cooling fan is the voltage-controlled fan.
6. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
if it is preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is a PWM-controlled fan and it is also preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is a voltage-controlled fan, it is determined that the cooling fan is malfunctioning.
7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
if it is not preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the PWM-controlled fan and it is also not preliminarily determined that the cooling fan is the voltage-controlled fan, it is determined that the cooling fan is malfunctioning.
8. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
causing a different PMW test signal to be transmitted to the cooling fan before causing a different voltage test signal to be transmitted to the cooling fan.
9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions are further to cause a processor of a computing device to:
causing a different voltage test signal to be transmitted to the cooling fan before causing a different PWM test signal to be transmitted to the cooling fan.
10. An apparatus, comprising:
a fan connector connected to the cooling fan, the fan connector to receive a fan speed signal from the cooling fan, transmit power to the cooling fan, and transmit a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control signal to the cooling fan; and
an embedded controller to:
monitoring a fan speed signal;
testing whether the fan speed signal changes in response to the cooling fan receiving a different pulse width modulated test signal to initially determine whether the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan;
testing whether the fan speed signal changes in response to the cooling fan receiving a different voltage test signal to initially determine whether the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan; and
it is finally determined whether the cooling fan is a PWM-controlled fan or a voltage-controlled fan based on the preliminary determination.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the embedded controller is further to finalize that the cooling fan is faulty when the preliminary determinations are contradictory.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the device further comprises a Voltage Controlled (VC) fan controller to provide power to the cooling fan through the fan connector, and the embedded controller causes the VC fan controller to provide power to the cooling fan with different voltage test signals to test whether the cooling fan changes fan speed in response to the cooling fan receiving the different voltage test signals.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the embedded controller is to preliminarily determine whether the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan before preliminarily determining whether the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan.
14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the embedded controller is to preliminarily determine whether the cooling fan is a voltage controlled fan before preliminarily determining whether the cooling fan is a PWM controlled fan.
15. The device of claim 10, wherein the embedded controller is further to: the cooling fan is operated according to the PWM control when it is determined that the cooling fan is the PWM control, and the cooling fan is operated according to the voltage control when it is determined that the cooling fan is the voltage control.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2019/043265 WO2021015760A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Pulse width modulation and voltage test signals for fan type detection |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114127661A true CN114127661A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980098733.4A Pending CN114127661A (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Pulse width modulation and voltage test signal for fan type detection |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220206548A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4004679A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN114127661A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021015760A1 (en) |
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2019
- 2019-07-24 US US17/599,828 patent/US20220206548A1/en active Pending
- 2019-07-24 WO PCT/US2019/043265 patent/WO2021015760A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-07-24 EP EP19938598.0A patent/EP4004679A4/en active Pending
- 2019-07-24 CN CN201980098733.4A patent/CN114127661A/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4004679A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
| WO2021015760A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
| US20220206548A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
| EP4004679A4 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
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