CN114124259A - Interference test method of intelligent reflecting surface based on incomplete information - Google Patents
Interference test method of intelligent reflecting surface based on incomplete information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent reflection surface interference test method based on incomplete information, and belongs to the technical field of calculation, calculation or counting. Constructing a lower-layer optimization model constraint set according to the information of the communication system known by the tester and the user group in the service area; constructing an upper layer optimization model constraint set according to the current test equipment parameters and the known intelligent reflection surface; constructing a double-layer optimized test scheme decision model according to the obtained upper and lower layer constraint sets to obtain a test scheme of the current test and predict the performance of the communication system after receiving the test signal; observing the performance of the communication system under the action of the test scheme; when the observed actual performance and the predicted result are equal, the test is finished, if the actual performance and the predicted result are not equal, the test scheme is regenerated after the constraint set is modified according to the observation mode, the real performance of the system under the interference test can be correctly detected after a limited number of tests under the condition of not completely knowing the system, and the method has the advantage of quick and accurate test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mobile communication safety technology, in particular discloses an intelligent reflection surface interference test method based on incomplete information, and belongs to the technical field of calculation, calculation or counting.
Background
In the future, high frequency electromagnetic waves with poor diffraction effect will be commonly used in communication systems. In densely populated cities, the construction unit has to bring the base stations very close together due to the nature of the high frequency waves. In order to solve the problems caused by high-frequency electromagnetic wave collection, an intelligent reflecting surface technology is introduced. The intelligent reflection surface system can improve the severe electromagnetic propagation environment in a city with high buildings, is ready for the actual application of preparing large-scale millimeter wave communication in the future, can reduce the energy loss in the signal transmission process, and improves the communication coverage rate and the transmission efficiency. This increases the vulnerability of the information transmission, since the intelligent reflective surface system is usually controlled by a wireless controller. At present, no relevant research is related to how to overcome the vulnerability of the intelligent reflecting surface system, and the invention aims to detect the vulnerability of the intelligent reflecting surface system and provide a corresponding defense scheme through an interference test method of the intelligent reflecting surface based on incomplete information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an interference test method of an intelligent reflection surface based on incomplete information aiming at the defects of the background technology, the vulnerability of the intelligent reflection surface is tested through a mathematical model based on double-layer planning under the scene of auxiliary signal transmission of the intelligent reflection surface, and a corresponding protection idea is provided, so that the invention aim of correctly detecting the real performance of the system under the interference test after limited tests under the condition of incomplete system understanding is achieved, and the technical problem that no related research relates to how to overcome the vulnerability of the intelligent reflection surface system is solved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
firstly, aiming at the vulnerability of an intelligent reflective surface communication system, a greedy and robust strategy omega is adopted by a testing party in the test process, two monitoring modes are used for learning required information, and a double-layer planning mathematical model is adopted for describing the process of dynamically updating an interference signal of the testing party.
The double-layer planning model is shown as a formula i and comprises an upper-layer optimization model and a lower-layer optimization model. The upper-layer optimization model represents that a testing party controls an antenna of the testing party to transmit an analog signal to the intelligent reflecting surface to generate a testing scheme based on knowing the position information of the intelligent reflecting surface and the minimum power required by the intelligent reflecting surface, and predicts the actual income lower limit of a communication system (the tested party) after the intelligent reflecting surface is interfered; the lower layer optimization model represents the strength of the transmitting antenna of the communication system, which meets the constraint and maximizes the actual benefit of the communication system, in each round of test by combining with the test scheme generated by the tester.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
c＝[P；B] (ⅲ)，
in the formulae (i) to (iii),
a vector of estimates of communication efficiency of each user group known to the tester in the t-th round of testing,
the upper and lower limits of the communication efficiency of each user group known by the testing party in the t-th round of testing are set; y istA vector of predicted values of the strength of the test party operating its signal transmitting antenna in the communication system for the test party in the t-th round of testing,
representing the maximum power that the j signal transmitting antenna of the communication system can bear in the t round test
And occupying bandwidth at its maximum operating bandwidth
RtFor the position vector that the tester knows the condition to intelligent reflection surface in the test of the expression t round, if the tester knows the ith intelligent reflection surface, RtThe ith element is zero; x is the number oftIn order to record the vector of the test scheme adopted in the t round test, if the test party transmits an analog signal to the ith intelligent reflection surface, the ith element in the vector
r is the number of signal transmitting antennas of the testing side; ptThe vector is formed by the power of the minimum test signal of each intelligent reflection surface known by the tester in the t-th test, and p is the maximum power which can be adjusted by the tester; ctForming a matrix by the maximum working bandwidth and the maximum power which can be borne by the signal transmitting antenna of the communication system in the t-th round of test; c is a vector consisting of the operating bandwidth B and the maximum operating power P of the base station in the communication system, P1、p2、pEMaximum power that the 1 st, 2 nd and E th signal transmitting antennas of the communication system can bear, b1、b2、bEThe maximum working bandwidth of the 1 st, 2 nd and E th signal transmitting antennas of the communication system is shown, and E is the number of the signal transmitting antennas in the communication system.
Because the direct calculation of the double-layer planning model has low efficiency and high complexity, the method adopts equivalent transformation and dual transformation to convert the original double-layer optimization model into an equivalent single-layer optimization problem so as to reduce the calculation complexity, thereby realizing that a testing party generates a testing scheme based on the current information according to the information mastered in the current testing process.
By transforming we get the following simple-layer mixed-integer linear programming problem:
in the formula (iv),
v is composed of(s)t)TDerived for y, the dual and equivalent transforms will be convenient
By using
To represent St＝[-I；I]，Dt＝[Ct；I]，At＝[0；I]，dt＝[c；1]，ztIs ytDual variable of (1), Nv、Ny、NzIs a diagonal matrix of sufficiently large elements, ω, introduced to convert a nonlinear constraint into a linear constraint1、ω2、ω3Is a vector composed of binary variables introduced to convert a nonlinear constraint into a linear constraint.
After the testing party obtains the testing scheme according to the information grasped by the testing party and implements the testing scheme, the communication system can readjust the communication resources of the testing party and make the following deployment according to the actual situation of receiving the testing signal:
max(ut)Tyt
s.t.yt≤1-xt,Ctyt≤c (ⅴ)
in formula (v), utThe communication efficiency of the kth user group is a vector formed by the communication efficiency of each user group in the t-th round of test, and the communication efficiency of the kth user group is the number of users which can be supported by the unit power of the base station in the kth user group.
And then tested in the next round of testingThe party will update the information he has learned based on the actual appearance of the system he observes. The tester observes and learns the communication system in two ways. The observation mode I is that each user group in the test party observation experiment, once the base station establishes communication with the user group, the test party can find the communication efficiency of the user group, and when the observation mode I is adopted, the updated information of the test party in each round of test comprises: the position vector of the intelligent reflecting surface known by the testing party influences the minimum power required by the intelligent reflecting surface known by the testing party and the communication efficiency of a user group in the communication system, which is in contact with the base station. Observation mode II is that the testing party monitors the base station in the system, and finds the working strength of each signal transmitting antenna which starts to work in the communication system
And communication benefits (u) of the communication systemt)TytWhen the observation mode II is adopted, the updated information of the tester in each round of test comprises: the position vector of the intelligent reflecting surface known by the testing party influences the minimum power required by the intelligent reflecting surface known by the testing party, the actual working strength of a transmitting antenna in the communication system and the actual communication benefit of the communication system. Similarly, two test scenes are set, wherein the first scene is that the user groups are numerous and uniformly distributed in the service range of the base station, and the second scene is that the user groups are not numerous and are not uniformly distributed.
The strategy for dynamically adjusting the test scheme by the test party comprises the following steps:
s1, the testing party according to the information of the whole communication system (vector C composed of the working bandwidth B and the maximum working power P of the base station in the communication system, matrix C composed of the maximum working bandwidth of the signal transmitting antenna of the communication system and the maximum power that can be borne by the signal transmitting antenna of the communication system)t) And the situation of the user group in the service area (the upper and lower limits of the communication efficiency of each user group known by the tester
) Building a predictive communication systemA constrained set of underlying optimization models;
s2, the testing party knows the information of the intelligent reflection surface in the communication system (the position information R of the intelligent reflection surface) according to the current testing parameters (the number R of the signal transmitting antennas of the testing party and the maximum power p which can be adjusted by the testing party)tThe power P of the minimum test signal affecting each intelligent reflective surface known to the testert) Constructing a constraint set of an upper-layer optimization model;
s3, the testing party constructs a double-layer optimized test scheme decision model according to the obtained upper and lower layer constraint sets, and obtains the test scheme implemented in the current round of test according to the constraint set determined by the current known information through equivalent single-layer optimization calculation
And predicting the performance of a communication system receiving the test signal
S4, the tester starts to test and observe the performance of the communication system according to the test scheme generated in the step S3, the communication system adjusts the communication deployment according to the current situation of the intelligent reflection surface to obtain the actual communication income of the communication system, and the actual income of the communication system observed by the tester
And predicted communication system performance in step S3
Comparing, if the two are equal, the purpose of testing can be achieved, the test is finished, and S7 is skipped; if the difference is not equal and the testing party adopts the observation mode I, jumping to S5, and if the observation mode II is adopted, jumping to S6;
s5: the testing party finds the user group which establishes communication with the base station in the current round of test, brings the user group which establishes communication with the base station into the cognitive range of the testing party, and brings the exact value of the communication efficiency of the user group which establishes communication with the base station into the lower layerOptimizing a set of model constraints, modifying
I.e. a vector s limiting the communication efficiencytIs updated to st+1Then go to S3;
s6: the tester finds the working strength y of the signal transmitting antenna working in the communication system in the testtAnd communication benefits of a communication system
Will be the y of this wheeltAdding to the matrix StIs changed into St+1，
Adding to the vector stBecomes st+1Then go to S3;
s7: the tester has obtained the final test scheme, and the number of test rounds T is the test period.
Based on the above test, we propose a future protection idea: firstly, the tested party confirms the maximum number r of the intelligent reflection tables possibly influenced by the testing party according to the number of the intelligent reflection tables influenced by the tested partyt(ii) a Confirming the intelligent reflecting surfaces corresponding to the communication antennas started by the tested party after being influenced and the positions of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, and estimating the information of the intelligent reflecting surfaces known by the tested party; for the intelligent reflecting surface known by the testing party, confirming the communication efficiency of the user group served by the intelligent reflecting surface and selecting r from the communication efficiencytThe user group with the highest numerical value is used as an estimation result of the user group information known by the testing party; reinforcing the selected rtThe anti-interference capability of the wireless controller of the intelligent reflection surface corresponding to the user group with the highest communication efficiency; and judging whether the number of the next influenced intelligent reflection surfaces is increased or not, if not, continuing the defense method, otherwise, reconfirming the maximum number of the intelligent reflection surfaces which can be influenced by the other party.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for testing the intelligent reflection surface under the condition that the information of the communication system is not completely known continuously learns the monitored system information by releasing the test signal to predict the surface of the system and observing the actual performance of the system, and can correctly detect the actual performance of the system under the interference test after limited tests under the condition that the system is not completely known, so that the test process is fast and accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a development test for an intelligent reflective surface system based on a two-layer optimization model according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a testing party, a communication system, and a system utilizing intelligent reflective surfaces in an experiment.
Fig. 3(a) is a line graph of the actual communication gain of the communication system and the predicted communication system gain after the testing party equipped with the transmitting antennas with different numbers of testing signals performs the testing by adopting the observation mode I in the first experimental scene, and fig. 3(b) is the maximum information rate that the communication system can support when facing the testing party equipped with the transmitting antennas with different numbers in the experiment.
Fig. 4 is a line graph of actual communication gains and predicted gains of the testers with unequal numbers of transmitting antennas after the testers adopt an observation mode II to develop a test in a first test scene.
Fig. 5(a) is a line graph of the actual communication yield of the communication system and the predicted yield of the testing party after the testing party capable of mobilizing different maximum powers performs the development test in the second test scenario by using the observation method II, and fig. 5(b) is a maximum information rate that the communication system can support in the face of the testing party capable of mobilizing different maximum powers.
Fig. 6(a) is a line graph of actual communication yield and predicted yield of the tester of the communication system after the tester with unequal number of transmitting antennas performs the test by adopting the observation mode II in the test scene two, and fig. 6(b) is a maximum information rate that the communication system can support when facing the tester with unequal number of transmitting antennas during the test.
Fig. 7(a) is a line graph of the actual communication yield of the communication system and the predicted yield of the testing party after the testing party capable of mobilizing different maximum powers performs the development test in the test scenario two by using the observation method I, and fig. 7(b) is a maximum information rate that the communication system can support in the face of the testing party capable of mobilizing different maximum powers.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings.
This example provides and evaluates a test trial of influencing a smart reflective surface for a tester based on a decision for two-layer optimization. A tester carries out simulation interference test on the intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission system, a scene is set, the tester does not completely know the whole communication system at first, and continuously releases test signals to simulate the interference intelligent reflection surface auxiliary transmission system, then continuously learns new information of the monitored system in each round of trial, and finally the performance of the system meets the expectation of the tester. Two optimized mathematical models are used for describing the system reaction and the behavior of a testing party, the applicable scenes of different monitoring modes are visually shown through experiments, then the performance of the testing party simulation system after receiving the testing signals is evaluated, and a protection idea is provided for the interference.
As shown in fig. 1, the decision based on two-layer optimization provided by the present embodiment includes the following parts: the method comprises the steps that a tester knows an initial information set of the communication system before a test, a double-layer optimization mathematical model for simulating the decision of the tester, a mathematical optimization model for simulating the work of the system and an updating mode of the information set of the communication system known by the tester in different observation modes. Compared with the method for directly calculating the double-layer optimization model, the method for calculating the double-layer optimization model is low in complexity, the required calculation amount is less, a final test scheme can be obtained after limited iterations, and the test efficiency is improved.
The model employs the commonly used MATLAB software and CPLEX optimization calculator to implement the calculation of the optimized mathematical model the maximum number of iterations for the final trial plan in this example is set to 16.
First, before the trial (time t ═ 0), the tester's initial knowledge of the communication system is that only 5 smart reflections are knownThe position of the surface thus generates a position vector R of the intelligent reflective surfacetHowever, the accurate value of the communication efficiency of the user group which is not known to the user group to be served by the user group is only known to the section where the user group is located, and S is generatedt＝[-It；It]And
generating a vector P based on the minimum test signal power value known to be required for each intelligent reflective surface to be affectedtAnd the testing party generates r and p according to the maximum available transmitting antenna number and the maximum testing power which can be adjusted. Generating a parameter matrix C according to the bearable maximum power and the working bandwidth of each transmitting antenna group of a base station in a communication system, and generating a constraint vector C, Cy according to the working bandwidth and the maximum working power of the base stationtC is less than or equal to c. After the intelligent reflecting surface receives the test signal transmitted by the tester, the base station will not transmit a communication signal to the intelligent reflecting surface in the current round of test, so that the action x of the testert(xtAs binary vectors) and the behavior y of the base stationtIs constrained by xt+ytCombining C and C to generate matrix Atxt+Dtyt≤dtWherein A ist＝[0；I],Dt＝[C；I],dt＝[c；1]。
As shown in fig. 2, the test scenario of the first round of test is calculated according to the initial information grasped by the tester, the performance of the communication system is predicted, and the actual performance of the communication system in the first round of test is calculated. If the predicted and actual results are the same, the tester has made a final test scenario. If different, and the testing party adopts observation mode I, the exact value of the communication efficiency of the user group which establishes communication with the base station in the experiment of the current round is known by the testing party(s)tIs updated to st+1) And finding the corresponding intelligent reflection surface, RtAnd PtIs updated to Rt+1And Pt+1(ii) a If the observation mode two is adopted, the actual performance of the system of the current round is expressed
Adding to the vector stIn the test, the actual action vector y of the base station in the current test is determinedtIs added to StIn, simultaneously finding the intelligent reflecting surface, R, of the corresponding positiontAnd PtIs updated to Rt+1And Pt+1。
The tester then calculates its next round of trial scenario and prediction of the performance of the communication system again based on the updated learned information set, and the algorithm repeats these steps in cycles until the tester's prediction of the performance of the communication system is the same as the actual performance or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, if the testing party adopts the first observation mode, the real performance of the system after the finite round of testing in the first and second test scenes is the same as the prediction of the testing party with different configurations; as shown in fig. 5 and 6, if the second observation method is adopted by the testing party, the real performance of the system after the limited number of rounds of tests in the second test scenario is the same as the prediction of the testing party with different configuration, but the adjustable power of the testing party in fig. 5 is only 13, the system cannot always be correctly predicted, and fig. 4 shows that if the second observation method is adopted by the testing party, the real performance of the system after the multiple rounds of tests in the first test scenario is always different from the prediction of the testing party with different configuration. Therefore, the testing method has the advantages that the application scenes are wide when the observation mode is adopted, the testing process is short, the testing speed is high, and the testing speed is high when the observation mode is adopted, although the application scenes are not wide enough.
The above-mentioned embodiments are further described in detail to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement or alteration made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An interference test method of an intelligent reflecting surface based on incomplete information is characterized in that,
constructing a constraint set of a lower-layer optimization model for predicting the actual benefit of the communication system according to the information of the communication system currently known by a tester and the condition of a user group in a service area, wherein an objective function of the lower-layer optimization model is the maximum communication benefit of the communication system after receiving a test signal;
constructing a constraint set of an upper-layer optimization model according to current test parameters and the known information of the intelligent reflection surface in the communication system, wherein an objective function of the upper-layer optimization model is the minimum communication yield of the communication system under the action of a test signal;
solving a double-layer optimization model consisting of an upper layer optimization model and a lower layer optimization model to obtain a test signal acting on the intelligent reflection surface of the known communication system in the current test, and predicting the communication benefit of the communication system under the action of the test signal;
and observing the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal, finishing the test when the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal is the same as the communication gain prediction value of the communication system under the action of the observation signal, or recalculating the test signal acting on the intelligent reflecting surface of the known communication system in the next round of test after correcting the constraint set of the lower-layer optimization model and the constraint set of the upper-layer optimization model.
2. The interference testing method for the intelligent reflecting surface based on the incomplete information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for constructing the constraint set of the lower layer optimization model for predicting the actual benefit of the communication system according to the communication system information currently known by the tester and the condition of the user group in the service area comprises the following steps: according to the upper and lower limits of the communication efficiency of each user group known by the testing party in the t-th round of testing
Constructing a constraint that a tester knows the communication efficiency of a user group:
according to the matrix C formed by the maximum working bandwidth and the maximum bearable power of the communication system signal transmitting antenna in the t-th round testtConstructing a constraint condition of a vector c consisting of a working bandwidth B and a maximum working power P of a base station in a communication system: ctytC, establishing a base station behavior constraint condition according to a test signal acting on the intelligent reflection surface of the known communication system in the t-th test: y is not less than 0t+xt≤1，
Vector formed by estimated values of communication efficiency of each user group known by the testing party in the t-th round of test, ytA vector of predicted values of the strength of the test party operating its signal transmitting antenna in the communication system for the test party in the t-th round of testing,
p1、p2、pEmaximum power that the 1 st, 2 nd and E th signal transmitting antennas of the communication system can bear, b1、b2、bEMaximum working bandwidth x of 1 st, 2 nd and E th signal transmitting antenna of communication systemtThe vector of the adopted test scheme in the test of the t-th round, namely the test signal acting on the intelligent reflecting surface of the known communication system in the test of the t-th round is recorded.
3. The intelligent reflecting surface disturbance testing method based on incomplete information as claimed in claim 2, wherein the objective function of the lower layer optimization model is:
4. the method of claim 3, wherein the upper optimization model is constructed according to the current testing parameters and the knowledge of the information of the intelligent reflective surface in the communication systemThe specific method of the type constraint set is as follows: according to the quantity R of signal transmitting antennas of the testing party and the position vector R of the intelligent reflecting surface known condition of the testing party in the tth round of testingtConstructing the constraint that the testing party influences the intelligent reflecting surface: r is more than or equal to 0txtR is less than or equal to r, and a vector P is formed according to the maximum power P which can be adjusted by the testing party and the power of the minimum test signal which influences each intelligent reflection surface and is known by the testing party in the t-th round of testtConstructing a constraint of the transfer power of a testing party: p is more than or equal to 0txt≤p。
5. The incomplete information-based intelligent reflective surface interference testing method according to claim 4, wherein the objective function of the upper optimization model is as follows:
6. the method for testing interference of an intelligent reflecting surface based on incomplete information as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method for solving the double-layer optimization model composed of the upper layer optimization model and the lower layer optimization model is to convert the double-layer optimization model into a single-layer mixed integer linear programming problem, and then solve the single-layer mixed integer linear programming problem:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
v is composed of(s)t)TDerived by y, StTo pass through dual transformation and equivalent transformation
Is shown as
Auxiliary matrix of St＝[-I；I]，Dt＝[Ct；I]，At＝[0；I]，dt＝[c；1]，ztIs ytDual variable of (1), Nv、Ny、NzIs a diagonal matrix of sufficiently large elements, ω, introduced to convert a nonlinear constraint into a linear constraint1、ω2、ω3Is a vector composed of binary variables introduced to convert a nonlinear constraint into a linear constraint.
7. The interference testing method for intelligent reflecting surfaces based on incomplete information as claimed in claim 6, wherein one of two observation methods is adopted to observe the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal, the first observation method is to observe the situation that the base station establishes communication with the user group, and the second observation method is to observe the working strength of the signal transmitting antenna in the communication system and the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal.
8. The interference testing method for the intelligent reflecting surface based on the incomplete information as claimed in claim 7, wherein if the actual communication gain of the communication system after receiving the test signal is observed in the first observation mode, and the actual communication gain of the communication system after receiving the test signal is different from the predicted value of the communication gain of the communication system under the action of the observation signal, the method for correcting the constraint set of the lower optimization model and the constraint set of the upper optimization model comprises the following steps: and bringing the user group which establishes communication with the base station into the cognitive range of the tester, bringing the exact value of the communication efficiency of the user group which establishes communication with the base station into the lower-layer optimization model constraint set, and modifying the upper limit and the lower limit of the communication efficiency constraint of the user group which is known by the tester.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein if the second observation mode is used to observe the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal, the actual communication gain and communication after the communication system receives the test signalWhen communication yield prediction values of the communication system under the action of the observation signals are different, the method for correcting the constraint set of the lower-layer optimization model and the constraint set of the upper-layer optimization model comprises the following steps: forming vector y by predicted value of intensity of communication system operating signal transmitting antenna of tester in t testtIs added to StIn the method, the actual communication gain after the communication system receives the test signal is added to stIn (1).
10. A method for protecting a communication system against interference, characterized in that when a test signal generated by the interference test method according to claim 1 is applied to an intelligent reflective surface, the maximum number r of the intelligent reflective surfaces affected by a tester is determined according to the number of the intelligent reflective surfaces affected by the communication systemt(ii) a Confirming the intelligent reflecting surfaces corresponding to the communication antennas and the positions of the intelligent reflecting surfaces after the communication system is influenced; selecting r for the communication efficiency of the group of users served by the intelligent reflective surface known to the testertThe user group with the highest numerical value is used as the user group known by the tester; reinforcing the selected rtThe anti-interference capability of the wireless controller of the intelligent reflection surface corresponding to the user group with the highest communication efficiency; observing the number of affected intelligent reflective surfaces, continuing the defense method if the number of affected intelligent reflective surfaces is not increased, otherwise reconfirming the maximum number of intelligent reflective surfaces affected by the testing party.
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