CN114123560B - High-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor - Google Patents

High-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114123560B
CN114123560B CN202111361769.2A CN202111361769A CN114123560B CN 114123560 B CN114123560 B CN 114123560B CN 202111361769 A CN202111361769 A CN 202111361769A CN 114123560 B CN114123560 B CN 114123560B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnet
stator
power factor
air gap
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CN202111361769.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114123560A (en
Inventor
李大伟
赵钰
任翔
曲荣海
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02Details
    • H02K21/021Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/025Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02Details
    • H02K21/021Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

The application discloses a high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor, and belongs to the field of permanent magnet motors. Comprising the following steps: including coaxial sleeve's stator module and rotor subassembly, there is the air gap between the two, and stator module includes stator core and winding, and stator core is close to air gap side circumference and evenly is equipped with a plurality of stator teeth, and stator core is open slot structure, and the winding winds in stator tooth periphery, and rotor subassembly includes: a rotor first permanent magnet, a rotor second permanent magnet, a rotor first iron core and a rotor second iron core; the first permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the air gap side, radial shaft type tangential magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the second permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the side of the yoke part of the rotor, radial magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the rotor first iron core is positioned at the air gap side and is positioned at the first permanent magnet gap of the rotor by adopting a modularized structure; the rotor second iron core is a rotor yoke connecting bridge. The motor of the present application has high torque density output and high power factor.

Description

High-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor.
Background
Compared with the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor, the permanent magnet vernier motor has the characteristics of high torque density, good back electromotive force sine degree, small torque pulsation and the like, and is one of the most attention-paid novel motor topologies at present. Compared with a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor, the permanent magnet vernier motor adopts an open slot stator structure. The stator teeth play a role in modulating the air gap flux density besides the guiding function of the exciting magnetic field.
In a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor, a stator of the motor adopts a semi-closed slot structure, and the modulation effect on air gap flux density is negligible. Generally, by increasing the thickness of the permanent magnet, an enhanced excitation effect can be achieved, thereby achieving a higher back electromotive force and torque. Meanwhile, the equivalent air gap length of the motor is larger, the armature reaction of the motor is weak, and the power factor of the motor is also higher.
However, in the permanent magnet vernier motor, the excitation capability is enhanced by increasing the thickness of the permanent magnet, but the modulation effect of the motor is weakened at the same time. Therefore, the design of the permanent magnet vernier motor should have the double functions of excitation and modulation. Generally, the permanent magnet cursor motor has a smaller thickness of the optimal permanent magnet. At the moment, on one hand, the equivalent air gap of the motor is smaller, on the other hand, the pole pair number of the armature magnetic field is lower, the armature reaction is stronger, and the power factor of the motor is lower.
The low power factor, on one hand, causes the capacity of the driver to be greatly improved; on the other hand, the magnetic circuit is easy to saturate, the overload capacity is poor, the power factor is obviously reduced along with the increase of the load, and the like, and the engineering application of the permanent magnet vernier motor with high torque density is seriously hindered. Therefore, a technical bottleneck of low power factor of the permanent magnet vernier motor needs to be solved. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to find targeted solutions to better meet the above technical needs faced in actual production practice.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect of low power factor and improvement requirement of the existing permanent magnet vernier motor, the application provides the permanent magnet vernier motor with high power factor, and aims to give consideration to excitation and modulation effects, so that the permanent magnet vernier motor has high torque density output and high power factor.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor, comprising a stator assembly and a rotor assembly coaxially sleeved, wherein an air gap is provided between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, the stator assembly comprises a stator core and a winding, the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of stator teeth near the air gap side in circumferential direction, the stator core is in an open slot structure, the winding is wound on the periphery of the stator teeth, the stator core and the rotor core are axially laminated by silicon steel sheets with two insulated surfaces,
the rotor assembly includes: a rotor first permanent magnet, a rotor second permanent magnet, a rotor first iron core and a rotor second iron core; the first permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the air gap side, radial shaft type tangential magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the second permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the side of the yoke part of the rotor, radial magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite; the rotor first iron core is positioned at the air gap side and is positioned at the rotor first permanent magnet gap by adopting a modularized structure; the rotor second iron core is a rotor yoke connecting bridge and provides a passage for the magnetic field of the permanent magnet vernier motor.
Preferably, the rotor first permanent magnet thickness is smaller than the rotor second permanent magnet thickness.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the application, through the thickness relation, the second permanent magnet of the rotor is ensured to be a main excitation source, so that magnetic leakage is reduced, and the magnetic flux paths are ensured to pass through the second permanent magnet and the second iron core of the rotor, thereby achieving the effects of high torque output and high power factor.
Preferably, the stator core and the rotor core are formed by axially laminating silicon steel sheets with two insulated surfaces.
Preferably, the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet are made of neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt.
Preferably, the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet are of different materials.
Preferably, the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet are of the same material.
Preferably, the rotor core on the air gap side adjacent to the tangentially-magnetized permanent magnet and the stator teeth together function as a modulation unit, the modulation relationship being as follows:
|iP a ±P r |=kN s k=0,1,2...
wherein P is a Representing the pole pair number, N, of the armature field generated by the winding s Representing the number of teeth of the stator, P r Representing the pole pair number of the rotor permanent magnets, and k represents the harmonic order.
In general, through the above technical solutions conceived by the present application, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
the application provides a high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor. In terms of physical structure, the motor rotor adopts a special excitation connecting bridge. The design ensures that the air gap magnetomotive force is generated by the combined action of the tangential excitation permanent magnet and the radial excitation permanent magnet, and the air gap magnetomotive force is obviously enhanced, so that the excitation capacity, namely the torque output capacity, of the motor is improved; meanwhile, the permanent magnet is considered to be a non-magnetic conductive material, the design of the radial excitation permanent magnet increases the equivalent air gap thickness of the excitation loop and increases the magnetic resistance of the excitation loop, so that the armature reaction of the motor is effectively reduced, and the power factor of the motor is improved; in addition, the rotor core adjacent to the tangential magnetizing permanent magnet and located on the air gap side, together with the stator teeth, act as a modulating unit, the equivalent air gap between the two of which is small, ensuring a good modulating capability of the vernier permanent magnet motor, i.e. a high torque output. Therefore, the motor has the excitation and modulation effects, and has high torque density output and high power factor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stator in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a minority pole magnetic flux path in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multipole flux path in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram showing torque density as a function of current density in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram showing a change of power factor with current density according to an embodiment of the present application.
The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements or structures, wherein: 1-stator core, 2-winding, 3-rotor, 31-rotor first permanent magnet, 32 rotor second permanent magnet, 33-rotor first core, 34-rotor second core.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the application provides a high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor, which comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly coaxially sleeved, wherein an air gap is arranged between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly.
As shown in fig. 2, the stator assembly includes a stator core 1 and windings 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the rotor assembly includes a rotor first permanent magnet 31, a rotor second permanent magnet 32, a rotor first core 33, and a rotor second core 34.
The stator core 1 is provided with a plurality of stator teeth in the circumferential direction close to the air gap side, and the winding 2 is wound on the outer circumference of the stator teeth.
The stator core 1, the rotor first core 33, and the rotor second core 34 are formed by axially laminating silicon steel sheets (magnetic conductive materials) having both surfaces insulated.
The stator core is of an open slot structure.
The first permanent magnet 31 of the rotor is positioned at the air gap, radial shaft type tangential magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
The second permanent magnet 32 of the rotor is positioned at the yoke part of the rotor, and radial magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite. The rotor first core 33 is located in the air gap and is of modular construction and located in the first permanent magnet gap.
The rotor second core 34 is a rotor yoke connecting bridge that provides a path for the less pole magnetic field of the permanent magnet vernier motor.
The application adopts radial magnetizing permanent magnet (non-magnetic conductive material) as the connecting bridge, the equivalent air gap of the motor is increased, the magnetic resistance is increased, the armature reaction is reduced, and the power factor is improved. In addition, the radial magnetizing permanent magnet and the tangential magnetizing permanent magnet form a magnetism gathering structure, so that the excitation capability of the motor is greatly enhanced, and the torque output capability of the motor is enhanced.
Preferably, the rotor first permanent magnet 31 and the rotor second permanent magnet 32 are made of neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt.
Preferably, when the size parameters of the motor are designed, the thickness of the first permanent magnet of the rotor is smaller than that of the second permanent magnet of the rotor, so that the second permanent magnet of the rotor is ensured to be a main excitation source, the magnetic leakage is reduced, the magnetic flux paths are ensured to pass through the second permanent magnet and the second iron core of the rotor, and the effects of high torque output and high power factor are achieved.
In the embodiment of the application, the pole pair number of the armature magnetic field generated by the winding 2 is P a Wherein the main harmonic order is 2,10,14; stator tooth number N s 12, the pole pair number P of the rotor permanent magnet r 10, satisfying the following relationship:
|iP a ±P r |=kN s k=0,1,2...
in particular, the winding generates a less polar armature magnetic potential P a =2, the magnetic potential passes through stator flux guide harmonic N s Salient pole modulation of 12 pairs of poles, generating 10 pairs of pole armature fields, and rotor permanent magnets P r The magnetic field pole pair number and frequency are the same=10, and the output torque is jointly acted.
Similarly, the winding produces a multipole armature magnetic potential iP a 10, the magnetic potential is modulated by 0 pairs of poles of the stator constant term flux guide to generate 10 pairs of pole armature magnetic fields, and the armature magnetic fields are combined with the rotor permanent magnet P r The magnetic field pole pair number and frequency are the same=10, and the output torque is jointly acted.
Similarly, the winding produces a multipole armature magnetic potential iP a =14, the magnetic potential passes through stator flux guide harmonic 2N s Salient pole modulation of 24 pairs of poles, generating 10 pairs of pole armature fields, and rotor permanent magnets P r The magnetic field pole pair number and frequency are the same=10, and the output torque is jointly acted.
The armature magnetic field harmonic wave cooperates to generate torque, which is called an armature working subharmonic component, and the amplitude of the armature working subharmonic component is higher, so that the motor is ensured to have high torque density.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the trend of magnetic lines of force of the opposite poles of the motor less-pole magnetic circuit 2, wherein the shaded part is air, so as to reduce the magnetic leakage of the permanent magnet. According to the design of the 'excitation connecting bridge rotor', on one hand, a radial excitation permanent magnet is added in the magnetic circuit to enhance excitation capability, and on the other hand, the non-magnetic conduction characteristic of the permanent magnet increases the air gap magnetic resistance of an excitation loop, so that the power factor characteristic of the motor is greatly improved.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic force lines of the opposite poles of the multipole magnetic circuit 10 of the motor. The 'excitation connecting bridge rotor' design is characterized in that a radial excitation permanent magnet is added in the magnetic circuit to enhance the excitation capability, and on the other hand, the non-magnetic conduction characteristic of the permanent magnet increases the air gap magnetic resistance of the excitation loop, so that the power factor characteristic of the motor is greatly improved.
Fig. 6 shows the variation trend of the torque volume density of the high-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor with the current density. The motor has good torque linearity and no obvious saturation. When the current density is 20A/mm 2, the torque volume density of the motor is up to 55Nm/L, which is more than 2 times of that of a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Fig. 7 shows the power factor variation trend of the high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor with current density. Under any electric load, the power factor of the motor topology of the application is always higher than that of a conventional permanent magnet vernier motor. For example, at a current density of 20A/mm 2 (severe operating conditions), the motor torque power factor is maintained at 0.8, while the power factor of a conventional permanent magnet vernier motor is as low as about 0.5.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the application and is not intended to limit the application, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor, includes stator module and rotor subassembly that coaxial sleeve set up, stator module with there is the air gap between the rotor module, the stator module includes stator core and winding, stator core is close to air gap side circumference evenly and is provided with a plurality of stator teeth, stator core is open slot structure, the winding winds in stator tooth periphery, its characterized in that,
the rotor assembly includes: a rotor first permanent magnet, a rotor second permanent magnet, a rotor first iron core and a rotor second iron core;
the first permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the air gap side, radial shaft type tangential magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite;
the second permanent magnet of the rotor is positioned at the side of the yoke part of the rotor, radial magnetizing permanent magnets are adopted, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite;
the rotor first iron core is positioned at the air gap side and is positioned at the rotor first permanent magnet gap by adopting a modularized structure;
the rotor second iron core is a rotor yoke connecting bridge and provides a passage for the less pole magnetic field of the permanent magnet vernier motor;
the rotor core adjacent to the tangential magnetization permanent magnet on the air gap side and the stator teeth together serve as a modulation unit, the modulation relationship is as follows:
|iP a ±P r |=kN s k=0,1,2...
wherein P is a Representing the pole pair number, N, of the armature field generated by the winding s Representing the number of teeth of the stator, P r Representing the pole pair number of the rotor permanent magnets, and k represents the harmonic order.
2. The high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor of claim 1 wherein the stator core and the rotor core are formed by axially laminating two-sided insulating silicon steel sheets.
3. A high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor according to any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet material are neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt.
4. A high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor according to any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet are of different materials.
5. A high power factor permanent magnet vernier motor according to any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the rotor first permanent magnet and the rotor second permanent magnet are of the same material.
CN202111361769.2A 2021-11-17 2021-11-17 High-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor Active CN114123560B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111361769.2A CN114123560B (en) 2021-11-17 2021-11-17 High-power factor permanent magnet vernier motor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN114123560B true CN114123560B (en) 2023-09-01

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1617422A (en) * 2004-11-29 2005-05-18 天津大学 Controllable flux permanent magnetic synchronous motor of multiple pole number built-in mixed rotor magnetic path structure
CN102013744A (en) * 2009-09-07 2011-04-13 株式会社安川电机 Rotating electrical machine and its manufacturing method
CN103795210A (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-14 西门子公司 Permanently excited synchronous machine
CN104485762A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-01 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor provided with same
CN206775356U (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-12-19 罗寿元 Rotor ideal sine wave air-gap field permagnetic synchronous motor
CN111490612A (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-04 广东威灵汽车部件有限公司 Motor rotor, motor and electronic water pump

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1617422A (en) * 2004-11-29 2005-05-18 天津大学 Controllable flux permanent magnetic synchronous motor of multiple pole number built-in mixed rotor magnetic path structure
CN102013744A (en) * 2009-09-07 2011-04-13 株式会社安川电机 Rotating electrical machine and its manufacturing method
CN103795210A (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-14 西门子公司 Permanently excited synchronous machine
CN104485762A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-01 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor provided with same
CN206775356U (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-12-19 罗寿元 Rotor ideal sine wave air-gap field permagnetic synchronous motor
CN111490612A (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-04 广东威灵汽车部件有限公司 Motor rotor, motor and electronic water pump

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