CN114122533B - Multifunctional composite electrolyte for neutral or weak acid zinc-based battery - Google Patents

Multifunctional composite electrolyte for neutral or weak acid zinc-based battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114122533B
CN114122533B CN202010883598.9A CN202010883598A CN114122533B CN 114122533 B CN114122533 B CN 114122533B CN 202010883598 A CN202010883598 A CN 202010883598A CN 114122533 B CN114122533 B CN 114122533B
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zinc
electrolyte
ion
multifunctional
agent
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CN114122533A (en
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迟晓伟
邱奇粮
刘宇
杜月秀
黄佳琪
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional composite electrolyte of a neutral or weak acid zinc-based battery, which comprises the following components: solvents, solutes, and multifunctional modifiers; the solvent is selected from zinc salts; the multifunctional modifier is at least 3 selected from a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent.

Description

Multifunctional composite electrolyte for neutral or weak acid zinc-based battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to electrolyte for a zinc battery, in particular to multifunctional composite electrolyte for a neutral or weak acid zinc-based battery, and belongs to the technical field of zinc battery electrolytes.
Background
The zinc-based water-based battery has the characteristics of low cost, high energy density, good safety and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of large-scale energy storage and portability. The zinc-based water-based battery adopts a weak acid (pH is 3-7) salt solution as electrolyte, high specific energy metallic zinc is used as a negative electrode, and a high-stability ion-deintercalating compound is used as a positive electrode. In the cyclic charge and discharge process of the battery, the zinc ion dissolution and deposition reaction occurs on the zinc cathode side, the ion intercalation and deintercalation reaction occurs on the positive electrode side, and the electrolyte plays a role in ion transmission. The electrode potential of the metal zinc is-0.76V, the chemical activity is higher, the metal zinc is unstable in weak acid salt solution and is easy to generate corrosion reaction to be lost, the battery capacity is attenuated, and the battery performance is reduced. Meanwhile, in the cyclic charge and discharge process of the battery, zinc ions are unevenly dissolved and deposited, zinc dendrite growth can be caused, zinc dendrite breakage and dissolution can cause 'dead zinc' generation, the zinc cathode is continuously lost, and the cycle life of the battery is reduced; when zinc dendrites pierce the separator, this will cause internal shorting of the cell, which can be discarded.
According to chinese patent document 1 (publication No. CN109273759 a), in order to solve the problems of corrosion and dendrite growth of zinc negative electrode, the invention uses an ether solvent to replace the water solvent, but the use of an organic solvent significantly reduces the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and has relatively high cost, although the problems of corrosion and dendrite growth of zinc negative electrode can be alleviated.
According to chinese patent publication No. CN110828896a, the invention discloses a use of a metal dendrite inhibiting multifunctional modifier, an electrolyte and a battery containing the multifunctional modifier, which have the effect of effectively inhibiting the growth of metal dendrites, but do not mention the corrosion inhibiting effect of the multifunctional modifier.
According to the Chinese patent document 3 (publication No. CN 108807910A), the invention provides a water-based zinc ion battery, which can effectively relieve problems of zinc corrosion, passivation and the like by adding a trace amount of manganese salt and a corrosion inhibitor into an electrolyte. However, no dendrite growth inhibition effect of the multifunctional modifier is mentioned.
The above patent has only been able to properly solve some technical problems of zinc-based aqueous batteries, but has not been able to solve problems such as corrosion, dendrite growth, etc. of zinc negative electrode side in zinc-based aqueous batteries from a multifunctional and omnibearing point of view on the basis of aqueous electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional composite electrolyte for a zinc-based water-based battery, which comprises the following components: solvents, solutes, and multifunctional modifiers; the solvent is selected from zinc salts; the multifunctional modifier is at least 3 selected from a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent.
In the invention, the composite electrolyte containing at least 3 decorative agents can effectively relieve corrosion problems (based on a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer and an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent) of a zinc electrode in the aqueous electrolyte, and can effectively inhibit zinc dendrite growth problems (based on the surfactant, the organic polymer solubilizer and a quaternary ammonium salt cation) of a battery in the cyclic charge and discharge process, so that the cycle stability and the cycle life of the zinc-based aqueous battery are improved.
Preferably, the solvent is water.
Preferably, the zinc salt is at least one selected from zinc triflate, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and zinc perchlorate; preferably, the solute further comprises other metal salts, the cations of which are selected from at least one of potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, manganese ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, and aluminum ion.
Preferably, the other metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of triflate, sulfate, acetate, nitrate, chloride and perchlorate.
Preferably, the concentration of the zinc salt is 0.1-3 moL/L; the concentration of the other metal salt is 0.1-1 moL/L.
Preferably, the surfactant is at least one selected from tween-20, tween-80, surfynol 104E, OP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10), NP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10); wherein OP is octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, NP is nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the number represents the number of the ethylene oxide fragments added in the molecular structure;
the organic polymer solubilizer is at least one selected from starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate (the solubilizer mainly improves the solubility of various functional additives and promotes the solution stability and compatibility);
the quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent is at least one selected from dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, benzyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and phenyl triethyl ammonium bromide;
the imidazole-based anticorrosive agent is at least one selected from imidazoline, laurylhydroxyethyl imidazoline and benzimidazole (mainly improving the corrosion resistance of a zinc electrode to electrolyte);
the zinc ion complexing agent is at least one selected from sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium gluconate, sodium tartrate and sodium alginate.
According to the invention, on the basis of neutral or weak acid salt solution, different kinds of functional modifiers are introduced, so that the corrosion problem of the zinc negative electrode in the weak acid salt solution and the dendrite growth problem of the zinc negative electrode in the cyclic charge and discharge process can be effectively relieved. Active substances such as a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and the like in the multifunctional modifier component can be adsorbed on the surface of zinc metal, so that corrosion sites exposed on the surface of zinc in the electrolyte are reduced, and the corrosion influence of a zinc electrode in the electrolyte is reduced. In the cyclic charge and discharge process, when zinc ions deposit on the zinc cathode side, active substances such as a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, quaternary ammonium salt cations and the like in the multifunctional modifier component can be preferentially adsorbed on high-activity and high-current density areas such as surface defects, protrusions, dendrites and the like of the zinc cathode, and can restrict zinc ion flow and normalize zinc deposition, so that growth of zinc dendrites is inhibited. The surfactant, the organic polymer solubilizer and the zinc ion complexing agent in the multifunctional modifier can play a role in dispersing, so that the compatibility degree of various multifunctional modifiers is improved, and the generation of turbid matters is reduced.
Preferably, the total amount of the multifunctional modifier is 0.01-5 wt%.
The addition amount of the surfactant in the electrolyte can be 0-5 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.5 wt%;
the addition amount of the organic polymer solubilizer in the electrolyte can be 0-1 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.5 wt%;
the addition amount of the quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent in the electrolyte can be 0 to 0.1 weight percent, preferably 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent;
the addition amount of the imidazole-based anticorrosive agent in the electrolyte can be 0 to 0.5 weight percent, preferably 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent;
the addition amount of the zinc ion complexing agent in the electrolyte can be 0-0.5 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.1 wt%.
Preferably, the pH of the electrolyte is 3-7.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a symmetrical battery containing the multifunctional composite electrolyte.
The beneficial effects are that:
the corrosion of the zinc cathode of the water-based battery with the multifunctional composite electrolyte in the weak acid salt solution is relieved, the loss of the zinc cathode side is reduced, and the coulomb efficiency of the zinc cathode is improved. Meanwhile, dendrite growth of the zinc cathode in the cyclic charge and discharge process of the battery is relieved, and the cyclic stability and the cyclic life of the battery are improved. The preparation method of the electrolyte is simple, and the components of the multifunctional modifier can play the functions of corrosion inhibition, dendrite inhibition and the like compatibly and synergistically, thereby being beneficial to the application development of zinc-based water-based batteries.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cycle chart of a symmetrical battery of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cycle chart of a comparative example 2 symmetrical cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cycle chart of a comparative example 3 symmetrical cell of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cycle chart of a comparative example 4 symmetrical cell of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cycle chart of a symmetrical battery according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cycle chart of a symmetrical battery according to example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a cycle chart of a symmetrical battery according to example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting thereof.
In the present invention, there is provided a multifunctional composite electrolyte suitable for a neutral or weakly acidic zinc-based battery, which comprises, in addition to a solvent (water) and a solute (zinc salt), a plurality of types of electrolyte modification agents (for example, at least 3, preferably at least 4, most preferably a surfactant, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anti-corrosion agent and a zinc ion complexing agent, among surfactants, organic polymer solubilizing agents, quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agents, imidazole-based anti-corrosion agents and zinc ion complexing agents). The introduction of the multi-type electrolyte modifier can play a role in synergistic enhancement, not only can effectively improve the dispersion and dissolution of neutral or weak acid zinc ion electrolyte and inhibit the corrosion of a zinc-based metal or alloy electrode in the water-based electrolyte, but also can prevent the zinc dendrite growth problem of a battery in the cyclic charge and discharge process, reduce the loss of a zinc cathode and inhibit the growth of the zinc dendrite, thereby improving the cyclic stability and the cyclic life of the zinc-based water-based battery.
In alternative embodiments, the multifunctional modifier may be classified by structure and type of action 1) surfactants (tween-20, tween-80, surfynol 104E, OP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10), NP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10), etc.); 2) Organic polymer solubilizer (starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, etc.); 3) Quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agents (dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, benzyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, phenyl triethyl ammonium bromide, etc.); 4) Imidazolyl corrosion inhibitors (imidazolines, laurylhydroxyethyl imidazolines, benzimidazoles); 5) And the zinc ion complexing agent (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium gluconate, sodium tartrate, sodium alginate and the like) comprises three or more of the above. Preferably, the total amount of the multifunctional modifier accounts for 0.01 to 5 weight percent of the total mass of the electrolyte.
Wherein the addition amount of the surfactant in the electrolyte may be 0 to 5wt%, preferably 0.01 to 0.5wt%.
Wherein, the addition amount of the organic polymer solubilizer in the electrolyte can be 0 to 1wt%, preferably 0.01 to 0.5wt%.
Wherein, the adding amount of the quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent in the electrolyte can be 0 to 0.1 weight percent, and preferably 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent.
Wherein the addition amount of the imidazole-based anticorrosive agent in the electrolyte can be 0 to 0.5wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.1wt%.
Wherein, the addition amount of the zinc ion complexing agent in the electrolyte can be 0 to 0.5 weight percent, and preferably 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations upon the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and variations will now occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure. The specific process parameters and the like described below are also merely examples of suitable ranges, i.e., one skilled in the art can make a suitable selection from the description herein and are not intended to be limited to the specific values described below.
The invention adopts an electrochemical method to test the corrosion inhibition effect of the multifunctional modifier. The corrosion rate of the metal zinc electrode in neutral/weak acid salt solution can be represented by corrosion current density, the corrosion inhibition effect of the multifunctional modifier can be represented by corrosion inhibition rate, and the calculation formula of the corrosion inhibition rate eta is as follows:
η＝(J 0 -J)/J 0 ；
j in the formula 0 Is the corrosion current density of the metal zinc electrode in the control group solution; j is the corrosion current density of the metallic zinc electrode in the solution containing the multifunctional modifier.
In the test process, a metal zinc foil is adopted as a metal zinc electrode, the working surface of the metal zinc electrode is polished by metallographic sand paper, then dirt on the metal surface is removed by deionized water and ethanol respectively, the zinc electrode is wiped by nonwoven paper, the working area of the metal zinc electrode is put into a test solution for stabilization for 5-10 minutes, the corrosion potential and the corrosion current density of the metal zinc electrode are tested by an electrochemical workstation at room temperature, the corrosion inhibition rate is calculated, and comparative analysis is carried out.
The invention adopts the symmetrical battery with high discharge depth to circularly test the dendrite inhibition effect of the multifunctional modifier. The dendrite inhibition effect of the metallic zinc cathode can be expressed from the cycle time of the symmetrical battery, and the longer the cycle time of the symmetrical battery is, the better the dendrite growth inhibition effect is.
The following examples were all conducted under the above-described test conditions.
Example 1
A multifunctional composite electrolyte of zinc-based water-based battery is composed of solvent, solute and multifunctional modifier. The solvent is water, the solute is zinc sulfate, and the ZnSO is prepared into 1mol/L ZnSO 4 A solution. The multifunctional modifier comprises a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer and a quaternary amineAn ammonium salt dendrite inhibitor, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent.
The surfactant is surfynol 104E, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The organic polymer solubilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent is benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide with the mass concentration of 0.02 percent. The imidazolyl anticorrosive agent is imidazoline, and the mass concentration is 0.02%. The zinc ion complexing agent is sodium gluconate, and the mass concentration is 0.05%.
Example 2
A multifunctional composite electrolyte of zinc-based water-based battery is composed of solvent, solute and multifunctional modifier. The solvent is water, the solute is zinc sulfate, and the ZnSO is prepared into 1mol/L ZnSO 4 A solution. The multifunctional modifier comprises a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent.
The surfactant is OP-10 and surfynol 104E, the mass concentration of the OP-10 is 0.05%, and the mass concentration of the surfynol 104E is 0.05%. The organic polymer solubilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent is benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide with the mass concentration of 0.02 percent. The imidazolyl anticorrosive agent is imidazoline, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The zinc ion complexing agent is sodium gluconate, and the mass concentration is 0.05%.
Example 3
A multifunctional composite electrolyte of zinc-based water-based battery is composed of solvent, solute and multifunctional modifier. The solvent is water, the solute is zinc sulfate, and the ZnSO is prepared into 1mol/L ZnSO 4 A solution. The multifunctional modifier comprises a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent.
The surfactant is OP-10 and surfynol 104E, the mass concentration of the OP-10 is 0.05%, and the mass concentration of the surfynol 104E is 0.05%. The organic polymer solubilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent is benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide with the mass concentration of 0.03 percent. The imidazolyl anticorrosive agent is imidazoline, and the mass concentration is 0.05%. The zinc ion complexing agent is sodium gluconate, and the mass concentration is 0.05%.
Comparative example 1
A multifunctional composite electrolyte of zinc-based water-based battery is composed of solvent and solute. The solvent is water, the solute is zinc sulfate, and the ZnSO is prepared into 1mol/L ZnSO 4 The solution is free from adding any multifunctional modifier.
Comparative example 2
The electrolyte preparation process in this comparative example 2 is different from that in example 1 only in that: no imidazole-based corrosion inhibitor was added.
Comparative example 3
The electrolyte preparation process in this comparative example 3 is different from that in example 1 only in that: no quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent was added.
Comparative example 4
The electrolyte preparation process in this comparative example 4 is different from that of example 1 only in that: no surfactant, organic polymer solubilizer and zinc ion complexing agent are added.
Table 1 shows the corrosion current density, corrosion inhibition rate and symmetric cell cycle time for each test solution:
corrosion current density/mA cm -2 Corrosion inhibition rate/% Symmetric battery cycle time/h
Comparative example 1 65.2×10 -2 0 150
Comparative example 2 7.55×10 -2 88.4 179
Comparative example 3 4.05×10 -2 93.8 228
Comparative example 4 6.30×10 -2 90.3 198
Example 1 3.91×10 -2 94.0 329
Example 2 3.44×10 -2 94.7 345
Example 3 3.37×10 -2 94.8 396
As shown in Table 1, compared with the electrolyte without the multifunctional modifier in comparative example 1, the multifunctional composite electrolyte has lower corrosion current, higher corrosion inhibition rate and longer symmetrical battery cycle time for the zinc cathode, and has good corrosion inhibition effect on the zinc cathode in weak acid salt solution, good dendrite growth inhibition effect and capability of remarkably prolonging the cycle life of the battery.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and some insubstantial modifications and adjustments made by those skilled in the art from the above description of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A multifunctional composite electrolyte for a neutral or weakly acidic zinc-based battery, the multifunctional composite electrolyte comprising: solvents, solutes, and multifunctional modifiers; the solvent is water; the pH value of the electrolyte is 3-7; the solute is selected from zinc salts; the multifunctional modifier is a surfactant, an organic polymer solubilizer, a quaternary ammonium salt anti-dendrite agent, an imidazole-based anticorrosive agent and a zinc ion complexing agent; the surfactant is at least one selected from Tween-20, tween-80, surfynol 104E, OP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10) and NP- (4, 6, 7, 9, 10), and the addition amount of the surfactant in the electrolyte is 0.01-0.5wt%;
the organic polymer solubilizer is at least one selected from starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate, and the addition amount of the organic polymer solubilizer in the electrolyte is 0.01-0.5 wt%;
the quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent is at least one selected from dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, benzyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and phenyl triethyl ammonium bromide, and the addition amount of the quaternary ammonium salt dendrite resisting agent in the electrolyte is 0.01-0.05 wt%;
the imidazole-based anticorrosive agent is at least one selected from imidazoline, laurylhydroxyethyl imidazoline and benzimidazole, and the addition amount of the imidazole-based anticorrosive agent in the electrolyte is 0.02-0.1 wt%;
the zinc ion complexing agent is at least one selected from sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium gluconate, sodium tartrate and sodium alginate, and the addition amount of the surfactant in the electrolyte is 0.01-0.1 wt%.
2. The multifunctional composite electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the zinc salt is at least one selected from zinc triflate, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc perchlorate.
3. The multifunctional composite electrolyte of claim 2 wherein the solute further comprises other metal salts, the cations of which are selected from at least one of potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, manganese ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, and aluminum ion.
4. A multifunctional composite electrolyte according to claim 3 wherein the other metal salt is selected from at least one of triflate, sulphate, acetate, nitrate, chloride, perchlorate.
5. The multifunctional composite electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the zinc salt is 0.1 to 3moL/L; the concentration of the other metal salt is 0.1-1 moL/L.
6. A symmetrical battery comprising the multifunctional composite electrolyte of any one of claims 1-5.
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CN111211360A (en) * 2018-11-22 2020-05-29 浙江浙能中科储能科技有限公司 Additive modified aqueous zinc ion colloidal electrolyte and preparation method thereof
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