CN114120779A - Thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler - Google Patents

Abstract

A thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler comprises a main ruler, a lens type identifier, a focus identifier, an object identifier, a characteristic light line and an image ruler, wherein the lens type identifier is arranged on the main ruler to establish a thin lens physical model, the focus identifier is arranged to enable a lens to be specified by taking a focal length as a parameter, the object identifier is arranged to enable an imaging object to be modeled by a directed line segment perpendicular to an optical axis and specified by taking an object distance and an object height as parameters, the characteristic light line reflects a straight line propagation rule and a refraction law of light according to a light concept, the characteristic light line is arranged to obtain an image point formed by an off-axis point object, the image ruler is arranged to obtain an image formed by the object through the image point, and a drawing template formed by combining the main ruler and the lens type identifier is used for realizing lens imaging experiment simulation, result checking calculation and copying drawing. The invention has the characteristics of clear concept, prominent principle and convenient operation.

Description

Thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of teaching aids and student stationery, in particular to a thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler.

Background

The research of the basic motion rule and structure of substances by physics is the basis of the natural science of each. The physical law is described by using mathematics as scientific language, but physics is also an experimental science essentially, the primary purpose of physics teaching is to guide students to step physical phenomena observed in experiments or daily life into the physical law described by mathematics, and the effectiveness of the phenomenon-law engagement step depends on an abstracted physical model and an established physical concept, so that the difficulty and effect of learning physical courses of the students are directly influenced. For example, in the first and second physical courses, after the light phenomenon is preliminarily recognized by learning geometric and optical basic principles such as a linear propagation law, a reflection law, a refraction law and the like of light, the candle is utilized to learn the imaging law of the lens, although the basic principles only relate to the linear propagation law and the refraction law of light, the learning difficulty of students is always the learning difficulty of students, and even the lens imaging principle is complicated and difficult to understand in the existing auxiliary teaching technologies of various lens imaging laws because the technologies have limitations on physical principle cognition and neglect the association between the former and latter learned physical knowledge, which is concretely as follows.

First, over-emphasis is placed on similarity in shape and even toy, the importance of a physical model of a lens is not correctly recognized, and the basic principle of describing physical laws by mathematics is deviated from, for example, in many technologies, a lens real object or a real model even representing the lens by a round point seems to be intuitive and similar or convenient, but the method is not only inconsistent with a thin lens physical model represented by geometrical signs of concave and convex lenses and cannot be related to the refraction phenomenon of light in mathematical description, the basic function of the lens for deflecting the light rays is difficult to accurately reflect, and the condition that the light rays directly pass through the surface of the lens model without refraction exists, and the method is inconsistent with the learned refraction law, so that the misunderstanding of the light refraction on a medium interface of a student is easily caused.

Secondly, the connotation of the physical model of the imaging object is not correctly understood, although the imaging object is represented by an arrow model in the prior art, the connotation that the imaging object consists of object points and each object point is a point light source which emits light to the periphery (including self-emitting light and external light reflected according to the reflection law) is not reflected, the lighted candle is used for demonstrating the imaging result of the convex lens, the reason is that flame luminescence is convenient to observe, the connotation is also the main basis for analyzing the imaging property of the partially shielded lens, and partial technologies adopt a plurality of laser combinations or flashlights to simulate the imaging object, so that the luminescence characteristic of the point light source cannot be reflected.

Thirdly, a physical model of light propagation in geometric optics is confused, a directional straight line, namely light rays, is used for describing the light propagation process according to the geometric optics theory, the propagation of the light rays in a lens imaging experiment is demonstrated by using the straight directional lines and laser, the propagation of the light rays is not different in nature, laser beams can even cause partial students to generate misunderstanding that an imaging object can only emit light in the direction, and even partial technologies use lines of bidirectional arrows to simulate the light rays, which is a conceptual error of a reversible principle of confusing the light.

Fourthly, a focus concept is not established by combining a lens physical model and the function thereof, in fact, the lens imaging theory is the basic content of an ideal optical system in application optics, the mathematical description shows that the geometric signs of the thin lenses of the concave and convex lenses are derived from the coincidence of the main faces of the object images of the thin light groups in the ideal optical system, each light ray emitted from the object is sequentially refracted on the front surface and the back surface of the lens according to the law of refraction and then emitted, however, the total deflection effect between the emergent ray and the incident ray is described mathematically by the ray deflection on the geometric symbol plane of the thin lens, and the particularity and focus concept of the ray deflection in the lens imaging drawing can be understood in principle only by understanding the relation and difference between the sequential deflection rays of the front and back surfaces of the lens according to the law of refraction and the total deflection effect in the mathematical description, and the meaning and the function of the three characteristic rays in the lens imaging drawing can be understood.

Fifthly, the conjugate relation of the object and the image is unclear, which causes the fuzzy concept of object distance, image distance, object height and image height, in fact, the physical models of the object and the image in mathematical description are directed line segments vertical to the optical axis, the thickness of the line segments is neglected by the geometric line segments, thus the conjugate relation of one-to-one correspondence between the object points and the image points can be established, the concept of object distance and image distance is determined according to the object point on the axis and the conjugate image point thereof, the line segment is vertical to the optical axis and has the same vertical axis magnification of all objects in the plane of the vertical optical axis in an ideal optical system, thereby establishing the concept of off-axis object points and conjugate image points thereof as well as object height and image height, the imaged object and the imaged image are represented by thick arrow object blocks or straight object blocks in the prior art, which seem to be schematic, but the positions of the on-axis and off-axis object points and the conjugate image points thereof are unclear, and the real physical model of the object image should be a directed line segment perpendicular to the optical axis and marked on the object block.

Sixth, it is not practical to improve the ability of the students to draw pictures manually, in the prior art, no matter whether the demonstration drawing or the calculation of the object-image distance is actually an observation process, the students can understand and accept when observing experimental phenomena and demonstration drawing, the main learning difficulty is that the students cannot feel from the bottom when drawing on paper, and a guiding auxiliary drawing template is lacked, so that the observation result and the practice of drawing manually can be combined.

Particularly, some prior arts combine the characteristic light and the knob such as the lens or the optical axis together, which seems to bring convenience to the demonstration and drawing process, actually neglect the vital mathematical modeling process and the learning advance process in the physical knowledge learning process, and easily develop the learning habit of unknown hierarchy of the physical model, the physical concept and the physical rule, so that students feel more and more difficult to learn physically, and are not beneficial to cultivating the physical learning interest and the physical science literacy of the students.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler. The invention has the characteristics of clear concept, prominent principle and convenient operation.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

a multifunctional learning ruler for imaging thin lens is composed of main ruler, lens type marker, focal point marker, object marker, characteristic light lines and image ruler, the lens type marker is set up on main ruler to create physical model of thin lens, the focal point marker is set up above optical axis of main ruler to make lens be embodied by focal distance as parameter, the object marker is set up on optical axis to make imaging object be modeled by directional line segment perpendicular to optical axis and embodied by object distance and object height as parameters, the characteristic light lines reflect light concept, straight line propagation rule and refraction law, two incident characteristic light lines are set from off-axis object point to thin lens plane, two emergent characteristic light lines are set up by starting point of incident light on thin lens plane, the intersection point of emergent light is used to obtain image point of off-axis object point, the image ruler is set up by image point and perpendicular to optical axis to obtain imaged image height and image distance, and complementing the virtual image or the virtual object by using an extension line to obtain the intersection point of the corresponding light, and finishing checking calculation of the imaging rule of the thin lens or drawing demonstration. The main scale and the slit on the lens type mark form a lens template, a thin lens symbol and an optical axis are directly drawn, a focal point mark position, a target mark position and an off-axis object point position on the optical axis are marked on paper, the characteristic points are connected and directed line segments are made to obtain an imaging object, characteristic light and a formed image, and the lens imaging and drawing process is completed.

In order to realize further optimization of the invention, further measures are as follows: the main scale is provided with a lens position seam, two ends of the lens position seam are respectively provided with a lens type first identification hole and a lens type second identification hole, an optical axis position seam is arranged perpendicular to the lens position seam, a parallel incident light seam is arranged parallel to the optical axis position seam, two long edge edges of the main scale are respectively provided with a main scale first scale and a main scale second scale with bidirectional scales, an optical axis scale with bidirectional scales is arranged adjacent to the optical axis position seam, and preferably, 1-6 parallel incident light seams can be further arranged so as to select more off-axis object points with different heights. The lens type marks comprise a convex lens first mark, a convex lens second mark, a concave lens first mark and a concave lens second mark, each lens type mark is provided with a drawing slit, the convex lens first mark or the concave lens first mark is arranged on the lens type first mark hole in an embedding or sticking or adsorption mode, and the convex lens second mark or the concave lens second mark is arranged on the lens type second mark hole in an embedding or sticking or adsorption mode. The focus mark comprises an object focus mark, an image focus mark, a double-object focus point mark and a double-image focus point mark, a point icon or an arrow icon is arranged on the focus mark, the focus mark is arranged on the main scale in an embedding or pasting or adsorbing mode, and the point icon or the arrow icon on the focus mark is arranged on the optical axis scale to display the corresponding focus and the double-focus position. The object mark is provided with object model lines and point light source schematic icons, the number of the point light source schematic icons can be 1-20, and preferably, 1-6 object marks with different heights can be further arranged. The characteristic light strips comprise a central light strip, a parallel incident light strip, an image side focus emergent light strip, an object side focus incident light strip, a parallel emergent light strip and an extension light strip, preferably, the colors of the parallel incident light strip and the image side focus emergent light strip are the same, the colors of the object side focus incident light strip and the parallel emergent light strip are the same, and the extension light strip is more than or equal to 2. The image ruler is provided with a measuring scale and a directional slit, preferably, the direction of the directional slit is opposite to that of the measuring scale, and the vertex of an arrow of the directional slit is the starting point of the measuring scale, so that the image height can be read directly. As an alternative scheme, a fixed lens type slit can be directly arranged on the main scale without setting a lens type identifier, and a convex lens main scale and a concave lens main scale are respectively selected and formed; a line or a slit parallel to the lens position seam can be arranged on the main scale, and the line or the slit and the lens position seam form an object side main surface and an image side main surface of an ideal optical system, so that the optical system can be used for thick lens imaging drawing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the lens imaging drawing template is directly integrated on a ruler which is a main tool for mathematical geometry drawing, students are guided to correctly know the physical and mathematical relation and difference, and the physical model and the physical concept related to each part in mathematical description are clear;

2. the ruler is simply transformed, and a few simple accessories are added, so that special auxiliary teaching appliances which are expensive in price or inconvenient to carry are simplified into daily learning stationery which can be used for lens imaging experiment demonstration, rule checking and drawing, and the ruler is convenient to popularize and use;

3. each student can finish simulation drawing by himself or herself in a synchronous manner in a classroom according to the candle convex lens imaging experiment steps of teachers, can also perform experiment exploration on the lens imaging rules without limitation before and after classes, or directly simulate and demonstrate the imaging process to obtain correct results when doing questions, and teach through joy while not losing rationality, so that the learning efficiency is improved;

4. the template function is provided, students are directly guided to draw thin lens symbols and optical axes, and then the lens imaging and drawing process can be orderly completed, so that the phenomenon of no next hand is avoided, and the learning interest and enthusiasm of the students are improved;

5. organically connect and fuse lens imaging experiment simulation demonstration and drawing, and systematically exercise the abilities of students in experimental observation, model establishment, concept understanding, manual operation, practical application and the like.

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main scale of the thin lens imaging multifunctional learning scale of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens type identifier of the thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler according to the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a focus mark of the thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler according to the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an object mark of the thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of characteristic light lines of the thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler according to the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an image ruler of the thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a main scale, 101, a lens position slit, 102, a lens type first identification hole, 103, a lens type second identification hole, 104, an optical axis position slit, 105, a parallel incident light seam, 106 a main scale first scale, 107, a main scale second scale, 108, an optical axis scale, 2, a lens type identification, 201, a convex lens first identification, 202, a convex lens second identification, 203, a concave lens first identification, 204, a concave lens second identification, 3, a focus identification, 301, an object side focus identification, 302, a double object side focus point identification, 303, an image side focus identification, 304, a double image side focus point identification, 4, an object mark, 401, an object model line, 402, a point light source icon, 5, a characteristic light line, 501, a central light line, 502, a parallel incident light line, 503, an image side focus exit light line, 504, an object side focus incident light line, 505, an exit light parallel line, 506. and (5) extending the light lines, 6, and an image ruler.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, the thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler comprises a main ruler 1, a lens type identifier 2, a focus identifier 3, an object identifier 4, a characteristic light line 5 and an image ruler 6. A thin lens physical model is established by arranging a lens type identifier 2 on a main ruler 1, a focus identifier 3 is arranged to enable the lens to be specified by taking a focal length as a parameter, an object identifier 4 is arranged to enable an imaging object to be modeled by a directed line segment vertical to an optical axis and to be specified by taking an object distance and an object height as parameters, a characteristic light line 5 is arranged to obtain an imaging point formed by an off-axis point object according to a straight line propagation rule and a refraction law of light reflected by a light concept, an image ruler 6 is arranged by the imaging point to obtain an image formed by the object, and the lens imaging experiment simulation or rule checking process is completed, a thin lens symbol and an optical axis are directly drawn on paper through a drawing template formed by slits on a main scale 1 and a lens type mark 2, positions of two ends of a focus mark 3 and an object mark 4 on the optical axis are marked, and a characteristic point is connected to be a directed line segment to obtain an imaging object, characteristic light and a formed image, so that the lens imaging drawing process is completed.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a lens position slit 101 is provided on the main scale 1, a lens type first identification hole 102 and a lens type second identification hole 103 are respectively provided at both ends of the lens position slit 101, an optical axis position slit 104 is provided perpendicular to the lens position slit 101, a parallel incident light slit 105 is provided parallel to the optical axis position slit 104, a main scale first scale 106 and a main scale second scale 107 having bidirectional scales are respectively provided at both long side edges of the main scale 1, and an optical axis scale 108 having bidirectional scales is provided adjacent to (e.g., above) the optical axis position slit 104. The parallel incident light seams can be 1 to 6 so as to select more imaging objects with different heights. The length of the main scale 1 and the scale on the main scale can be set according to actual needs.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the lens type identifier 2 includes a convex lens first identifier 201, a convex lens second identifier 202, a concave lens first identifier 203, and a concave lens second identifier 204, each lens type identifier is provided with a drawing slit, the convex lens first identifier 201 or the concave lens first identifier 203 is disposed on the lens type first identifier hole 102 in an embedding or adhering or adsorbing manner, and the convex lens second identifier 202 or the concave lens second identifier 204 is disposed on the lens type second identifier hole 103 in an embedding or adhering or adsorbing manner.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the focus marks 3 include an object focus mark 301, a double object focus point mark 302, an image focus mark 303, and a double image focus point mark 304, the focus marks 3 are all provided with a point icon or an arrow icon, the focus marks 3 are disposed on the main scale 1 in an embedding, adhering, or adsorbing manner, and the point icon or the arrow icon on the focus marks 3 is disposed on the optical axis scale 104 to display the corresponding focus and the double focus position.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the target mark 4 is provided with an object model line 401 and a point light source schematic icon 402. The point light source icon 402 may be a plurality (e.g., 1 to 6) of point light source icons, and the object identifier 4 may be a plurality (e.g., 1 to 20) of point light source icons with different heights.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, the characteristic light line 5 includes a central light line 501, a parallel incident light line 502, an image side focus emergent light line 503, an object side focus incident light line 504, a parallel emergent light line 505, and an extension light line 506, where the parallel incident light line 502 and the image side focus emergent light line 503 have the same color, the object side focus incident light line 504 and the parallel emergent light line 505 have the same color, and the number of the extension light lines 506 is greater than or equal to 2.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the image ruler 6 is provided with a measurement scale and a directional slit, the directional slit and the measurement scale are opposite in direction, and the vertex of the arrow of the directional slit is the starting point of the measurement scale, so that the image height can be read directly. The length of the image ruler 6 and the scales on the image ruler can be set according to actual needs.

In other embodiments, the lens type identifier 2 may not be provided, and a fixed lens type slit may be provided directly on the main scale 1 to selectively form the convex lens main scale and the concave lens main scale, respectively. Namely, an outward arrow and an inward arrow are arranged at the same time, the convex lens main scale is formed by selecting the outward arrow, and the concave lens main scale is formed by selecting the inward arrow. A line or slit parallel to the lens position slit 101 can be further provided on the main scale 1, and the line or slit and the lens position slit 101 together form an object side main surface and an image side main surface of an ideal optical system, so that the optical system can be used for thick lens imaging drawing.

The principle of the invention is as follows:

learning the imaging rule of the lens, firstly, mastering three types of abstracted physical models and effects, wherein a concave lens and a convex lens are represented by a thin lens geometric symbol, an object and an image are represented by a directed line segment vertical to an optical axis, and a virtual line and a solid line describe the virtual line and the real line of the object image, the transmission of light in a uniform medium is represented by geometric light, namely a directed straight line, and the total deflection effect after the light is sequentially refracted by the front surface and the rear surface of the lens is described by the deflection of the light passing through the plane of the thin lens; secondly, three characteristic light rays, namely, the emergent light ray direction corresponding to the incident light ray passing through the center of the lens is unchanged, the emergent light ray corresponding to the incident light ray passing through the focus of the object space is parallel to the optical axis, the emergent light ray corresponding to the incident light ray parallel to the optical axis is parallel to the optical axis, and the understanding is deepened through the concepts of the central light ray and the focus of the object image space; thirdly, the focal point and focal length concepts are mastered to embody the parameters of the lens, the object distance, the object height, the image distance and the image height concepts embody the imaged object and the imaged parameters, the geometric basic concept that two straight lines intersect to determine a point is strengthened, and virtual images or virtual objects are determined by the intersection of the extension lines. For lens imaging experiment demonstration, rule checking and drawing, a main scale, a lens type identifier, an object identifier, a characteristic light line and an image scale and mathematical description always represent corresponding physical models, a focus identifier and an object identifier are arranged on the main scale to reflect the specific parameterization process of the lens and an imaging object, the characteristic light line is arranged to simulate the intersection of two straight lines to determine a point and the straight line propagation and deflection process of the light, and the image scale is arranged to obtain the lens imaging results such as the size, the image distance, the virtual reality and the like of the formed image.

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

the first step is as follows: respectively selecting a convex lens first mark 201 and a convex lens second mark 202 or a concave lens first mark 203 and a concave lens second mark 204 according to the conditions of the convex lens or the concave lens, and respectively arranging the convex lens first mark 201 and the convex lens second mark 202 or the concave lens first mark 203 and the concave lens second mark 204 on the lens type first mark hole 102 and the lens type second mark hole 103;

the second step is that: referring to the optical axis scale 108, an object focus mark 301, a double object focus mark 302, an image focus mark 303 and a double image focus mark 304 are arranged on the optical axis position slot 104 according to the size of the focal length;

the third step: referring to the optical axis scale 108, the object mark 4 is vertically arranged on the optical axis position slot 104 according to the object distance;

the fourth step: a central light line 501 is set by taking the vertex at the object height of the target marker 4 as an off-axis object point and passing through the object point and the intersection point (namely the lens center) of the lens position slit 101 and the optical axis position slit 104;

the fifth step: after the fourth step, an off-axis object point is provided with a parallel incident light line 502 parallel to the optical axis position slit 104 (or an object focus incident light line 504 through the object focus mark 301), and the vertex thereof is on the straight line of the lens position slit 101, and an image focus emergent light line 503 is provided through the image focus mark 303 with the vertex as the starting point (or a parallel emergent light line 505 is provided parallel to the optical axis position slit 104);

and a sixth step: the intersection point of the central light line 501 and the image space focus emergent light line 503 (or the parallel emergent light line 505) is the conjugate image point of the object point outside the fourth step axis, the image point is taken as the zero point on the image ruler 6, the image ruler 6 is arranged in the vertical optical axis position slot 104, the image formed by the object mark 4 is obtained, and the image height and the image distance can be read from the image ruler 6 and the optical axis scale 108.

Under the condition of virtual images or virtual objects, corresponding emergent light or incident light is prolonged by the prolonging light marker 506, so that two emergent light or two incident light can be intersected, and corresponding virtual image points or virtual object points are determined.

In the processes from the fourth step to the sixth step, the incident light ray and the parallel incident light ray passing through the object focus can be used as two characteristic light rays to finish the imaging demonstration or verification process of the thin lens; the object height can also be changed by selecting off-axis object point imaging at different heights.

The seventh step: directly drawing the symbol and the optical axis of the thin lens of the corresponding type on paper through a template consisting of a main scale 1 and a lens type identifier 2, and recording an object focus identifier 301, a double-object focus point identifier 302, an image focus identifier 303, a double-image focus point identifier 304 and the positions of two end points of an object identifier 4 on the paper, namely the positions of an object point on the corresponding axis and an object point outside the axis;

eighth step: removing the main scale 1, drawing directed line segments at two end points of the connector mark 4 to obtain an imaged object, drawing central rays through an off-axis object point and the center of the lens, drawing incident rays parallel to an optical axis (or passing through an object focus) through the off-axis object point and ending to intersect with a thin lens plane, drawing emergent rays passing through an image focus (or parallel to the optical axis) by taking the intersection point as a starting point, wherein the intersection point of the emergent rays and the central rays is an image point corresponding to the off-axis object point;

the ninth step: and an image ruler 6 is used for making a directed line segment vertical to the optical axis through the image point to obtain an image formed by the object.

When two emergent rays or two incident rays can not be actually intersected, corresponding rays are prolonged to be intersected by a dotted line to obtain a virtual image point or a virtual object point, and a directed virtual line segment perpendicular to the optical axis is made to obtain a corresponding virtual image or a virtual object.

In the process of drawing, the eighth step can also select the incident light ray passing through the object focus and the parallel incident light ray as two characteristic light rays to complete the thin lens imaging drawing.

The demonstration or calculation process of the fourth step to the sixth step and the plotting process of the seventh step to the ninth step can be performed independently or in a reversed order.

According to the principle of reversible light path in geometric optics, the above object-image relations can be interchanged. When the focal length, the object distance and the object size of the lens are beyond or smaller than the proper size range of the main scale 1, the focal length, the object distance and the object height are reduced or increased by a certain size proportion, and accordingly, the actual image distance and the actual image height are obtained by recalculation by the same proportion.

The invention has the characteristics of clear concept, outstanding physical principle and convenient operation, and can be used for auxiliary teaching and learning such as lens imaging experiment demonstration, rule checking calculation, drawing and the like.

Claims (10)

1. A thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler comprises a main ruler (1), a lens type identifier (2), a focus identifier (3), an object identifier (4), a characteristic light line (5) and an image ruler (6), wherein the lens type identifier (2) is arranged on the main ruler (1) to establish a thin lens physical model, the focus identifier (3) is arranged to enable a lens to be specified by taking a focal length as a parameter, the object identifier (4) is arranged to enable an imaging object to be modeled by a directed line segment perpendicular to an optical axis and specified by taking an object distance and an object height as parameters, the characteristic light line (5) reflects a straight line propagation law and a refraction law of light according to a light concept, the characteristic light line (5) is arranged to obtain an imaging point formed by an off-axis point object, an image formed by the object is obtained by arranging the image ruler (6) through the imaging point, a lens imaging experiment simulation or law checking process is completed, a thin lens symbol and an optical axis are directly drawn on paper through a drawing template formed by slits on the main ruler (1) and the lens type identifier (2) And recording the positions of two ends of the focus mark (3) and the object mark (4) on the optical axis, connecting the characteristic points to form a directed line segment to obtain an imaging object, characteristic light and a formed image, and finishing the lens imaging and drawing process.

2. The thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main ruler (1) is provided with a lens position slit (101), two ends of the lens position slit (101) are respectively provided with a first lens type identification hole (102) and a second lens type identification hole (103), the vertical lens position slit (101) is provided with an optical axis position slit (104), a parallel incident light slit (105) is arranged in parallel with the optical axis position slit (104), two long edges of the main ruler (1) are respectively provided with a first main ruler scale (106) and a second main ruler scale (107) with bidirectional scales, and an optical axis scale (108) with bidirectional scales is arranged adjacent to the optical axis position slit (104).

3. The thin lens imaging multi-functional learning ruler of claim 1, wherein the parallel incident light seams are multiple in order to select more imaging objects with different heights.

4. The multifunctional learning ruler with the thin lens imaging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lens type identifier (2) comprises a convex lens first identifier (201), a convex lens second identifier (202), a concave lens first identifier (203) and a concave lens second identifier (204), a drawing slit is arranged on each lens type identifier, the convex lens first identifier (201) or the concave lens first identifier (203) is arranged on the lens type first identifier hole (102) in an embedding or sticking or adsorbing mode, and the convex lens second identifier (202) or the concave lens second identifier (204) is arranged on the lens type second identifier hole (103) in an embedding or sticking or adsorbing mode.

5. The thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the focus marks (3) comprise an object focus mark (301), a double object focus mark (302), an image focus mark (303) and a double image focus mark (304), point icons or arrow icons are arranged on the focus marks (3), the focus marks (3) are arranged on the main ruler (1) in an embedding or sticking or adsorbing manner, and the point icons or arrow icons on the focus marks (3) are arranged on the optical axis scale (104) to display corresponding focal lengths and double focal length positions.

6. The thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler of claim 1, wherein the object mark (4) is provided with an object model line (401) and a point light source schematic icon (402).

7. The thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the point light source icon (402) is multiple, and the object mark (4) is multiple and has different heights.

8. The thin-lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler of claim 1, wherein the characteristic light lines (5) comprise a central light line (501), a parallel incident light line (502), an image side focus emergent light line (503), an object side focus incident light line (504), a parallel emergent light line (505) and an extension light line (506), the colors of the parallel incident light line (502) and the image side focus emergent light line (503) are the same, the colors of the object side focus incident light line (504) and the parallel emergent light line (505) are the same, and the number of the extension light lines (506) is more than or equal to 2.

9. The thin lens imaging multifunctional learning ruler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image ruler (6) is provided with a measurement scale and a directional slit, the directional slit is opposite to the measurement scale, and the arrow top point of the directional slit is the starting point of the measurement scale, so as to facilitate direct reading of the image height.

10. The multifunctional learning ruler with the thin lens imaging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lens type identifier (2) is not arranged, a fixed lens type slit is directly arranged on the main ruler (1), and a convex lens main ruler and a concave lens main ruler are respectively selected and formed; or a line or a slit parallel to the lens position slit (101) is arranged on the main scale (1), and the line or the slit and the lens position slit (101) form an object side main surface and an image side main surface of an ideal optical system, so that the optical system can be used for imaging and drawing of thick lenses.

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